Kondensateri y'imodoka ni iki
Kondenseri (Kondenseri), igice cy’uburyo bwo gukonjesha, ni ubwoko bw’icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe gishobora guhindura umwuka cyangwa umwuka w’amazi kikawuhindura amazi maze kigatwara ubushyuhe mu miyoboro y’amazi mu kirere kiri hafi aho ku muvuduko wihuse. Uburyo icyuma gikonjesha gikora ni inzira ituruka ku mwuka ushyushye, bityo ubushyuhe bwa kondenseri buhora buri hejuru cyane.
Inganda zikoresha ibyuma bikonjesha byinshi kugira ngo bihuze umwuka uva muri turbine. Mu nganda zikonjesha, ibyuma bikonjesha bikoreshwa mu guhuza umwuka uva muri turbine nka ammonia na Freon. Ibikoresho bikonjesha bikoreshwa mu nganda zikora peteroli kugira ngo bihuze hydrocarbons n'indi myuka ikoreshwa muri shimi. Mu gikorwa cyo gusya, igikoresho gihindura umwuka mo amazi cyitwa kandi condenser. Ibikoresho byose bikonjesha bikora bikuraho ubushyuhe buva muri gazi cyangwa umwuka.
Gazi inyura mu muyoboro muremure (ubusanzwe ihuzwa n’icyuma gishyushya), bigatuma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mu kirere gikikije. Ibyuma nk'umuringa, bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, bikunze gukoreshwa mu gutwara umwuka. Kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere ya kondensateri, ibicanwa by'ubushyuhe bifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bikunze gushyirwa ku miyoboro kugira ngo byongere ahantu hakoreshwa ubushyuhe kandi byihutishe uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira. Hagati aho, abafana bakoreshwa mu kwihutisha uburyo umwuka ukwirakwira no gutwara ubushyuhe.
Muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya mashini ikoresha ibyuma bikonjesha, compressor ikura umwuka ushyushye uva muri evaporator. Nyuma yo gukandamizwa na compressor, iba umwuka ushyushye cyane uva muri evaporator kugira ngo ikonjeshe umuvuduko uhoraho kandi irekure ubushyuhe bujye muri firigo. Amaherezo, ikonjeshwa mu firigo ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha. Frigo ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha inyura muri valve yo kwagura kugira ngo ibe firigo ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha umuvuduko muto. Irahinduka umwuka mu firigo kandi ikanyunyuza ubushyuhe buva mu mazi akoresha icyuma gikonjesha (umwuka), bityo ikonjesha amazi akoresha icyuma gikonjesha umuvuduko muto kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo gukonjesha. Frigo isohoka irashyirwa muri compressor, kandi uru rugendo rukomeza.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka ifite icyiciro kimwe igizwe n'ibice bine by'ibanze: compressor yo gukonjesha, condenser, valve yo gufunga n'icyuma gishyushya. Ibi bice bihuzwa ku buryo bukurikiranye n'imiyoboro kugira ngo bikore sisitemu ifunze. Ikigo gikonjesha gihora kizenguruka muri sisitemu, kikagira impinduka mu miterere kandi kigahana ubushyuhe n'isi yo hanze.
Muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha, imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye, imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye, imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye n'imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye ni ibintu bine by'ingenzi, muri byo imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye ni ibikoresho byo gutwara ubukonje. Imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye ifata ubushyuhe bw'ikintu gikonjesha kirimo kugira ngo ikoreshwe. Imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye ni umutima, igira uruhare mu gukurura, gukanda no gutwara umwuka ushyushye. Imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye ni igikoresho gisohora ubushyuhe, gitwara ubushyuhe bwinjizwa mu mwuka hamwe n'ubushyuhe buva mu kazi ka compressor bujya mu buryo bukonjesha kugira ngo buvanweho. Imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye igira uruhare mu gukanda no kugabanya umuvuduko wa firigo, mu gihe igenzura kandi igenzura ingano y'amazi akoresha umwuka ushyushye yinjira mu mwuka ushyushye, kandi igagabanya sisitemu mo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: uruhande rufite umuvuduko mwinshi n'uruhande rufite umuvuduko muto. Muri sisitemu nyazo zo gukonjesha, usibye ibice bine by'ingenzi byavuzwe haruguru, akenshi hari ibikoresho by'inyongera, nka vali za solenoid, imashini zikwirakwiza, ibyuma byumisha, imashini zikusanya ubushyuhe, imashini zikoresha umwuka ushyushye, imashini zigenzura umuvuduko n'ibindi bice. Bashyizweho kugira ngo bateze imbere ubukungu, icyizere n'umutekano w'imikorere.
Imashini zikonjesha zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri hashingiwe ku miterere yazo yo gukonjesha: zikonjeshwa n'amazi n'izikonjeshwa n'umwuka. Hakurikijwe uburyo zikoreshwa, zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bumwe bwo gukonjesha n'ubukonjesha n'ubushyuhe. Uko ubwoko ubwo ari bwo bwose buteye, zose zigizwe n'ibice by'ingenzi bikurikira.
Gukenera kondenser bishingiye ku itegeko rya kabiri rya thermodynamics - dukurikije itegeko rya kabiri rya thermodynamics, icyerekezo cy’ingufu z’ubushyuhe mu buryo bufunze ni kimwe, ni ukuvuga ko gishobora gutemba gusa kuva ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugera ku bushyuhe buke. Mu isi ya mikorosikopi, ibi bigaragazwa n’uko uduce duto cyane twitwaza ingufu z’ubushyuhe dushobora guhinduka gusa kuva kuri gahunda imwe kugera kuri imwe. Kubwibyo, iyo moteri y’ubushyuhe irimo gukora akazi gafite ingufu ziyongera, hagomba no kubaho ingufu zirekurwa mu nzira. Muri ubu buryo gusa hashobora kubaho icyuho cy’ingufu z’ubushyuhe hagati y’inyuma n’inyuma, bigatuma urujya n’uruza rw’ingufu z’ubushyuhe rushoboka kandi bigatuma urujya n’uruza rukomeza.
Kubwibyo, niba umuntu ashaka ko icyuma gitwara ibintu cyongera gukora, ni ngombwa kubanza kurekura ingufu zose z'ubushyuhe zitararekurwa burundu. Muri iki gihe, hakenewe icyuma gikonjesha. Niba ingufu z'ubushyuhe zikikije zirenze ubushyuhe buri muri icyuma gikonjesha, kugira ngo icyuma gikonjesha gikonjeshe, hagomba gukorwa imirimo y'ubukorikori (muri rusange hakoreshejwe icyuma gikonjesha). Nyuma yo gukonjesha, amazi asubira ku rwego rwo hejuru n'ingufu nke z'ubushyuhe kandi ashobora kongera gukora.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bikonjesha birimo guhitamo imiterere n'icyitegererezo, ndetse no kumenya umuvuduko w'amazi akonjesha cyangwa umwuka unyura muri kondensateri. Guhitamo ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha bigomba kuzirikana isoko y'amazi yo mu gace, ubushyuhe bw'amazi, imiterere y'ikirere, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwose bwo gukonjesha bwa sisitemu yo gukonjesha n'ibisabwa mu cyumba cy'imashini zikonjesha. Mu rwego rwo kugena ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha, agace ko kongerera ubushyuhe ka kondensateri kabarwa hashingiwe ku mutwaro w'ibikoresho bikonjesha n'umutwaro w'ubushyuhe kuri buri gice cy'ibikoresho bikonjesha, kugira ngo hatoranywe icyitegererezo cyihariye cy'ibikoresho bikonjesha.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
