Akamaro k'akayunguruzo k'amavuta ni akayunguruzo k'amavuta. Akamaro k'akayunguruzo k'amavuta ni ukuyungurura ibinure, ishinya n'ubushuhe biri mu mavuta, no kugeza amavuta meza kuri buri gice gisiga amavuta.
Kugira ngo bigabanye imbaraga zo guhangana hagati y’ibice bigenda muri moteri no kugabanya kwangirika kw’ibice, amavuta ahora ajyanwa ku buso bw’ibice bigenda kugira ngo hakorwe agapira k’amavuta yo kwisiga. Amavuta ya moteri ubwayo arimo ingano runaka y’ibishishwa, imyanda, ubushuhe n’ibindi bikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, mu gihe moteri ikora, gushyiramo imyanda y’ibyuma, kwinjira kw’imyanda mu kirere, no gukora ogiside y’amavuta bituma imyanda iri muri ayo mavuta yiyongera buhoro buhoro. Iyo amavuta yinjiye mu buryo butaziguye mu gice cy’amavuta yo kwisiga adafunguye, ibintu byinshi biri muri ayo mavuta bizanwa mu buso bw’ibice bigenda, bizihutisha kwangirika kw’ibice kandi bigabanye igihe cyo gukora kwa moteri.
Bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi bw’amavuta ubwayo n’imyanda myinshi iri muri ayo mavuta, kugira ngo anonosore uburyo bwo kuyayungurura, akayunguruzo k’amavuta muri rusange gafite urwego rutatu, ari rwo akayunguruzo gakusanya amavuta, akayunguruzo gakomeye k’amavuta n’akayunguruzo gakomeye k’amavuta. Akayunguruzo gashyirwa mu isafuriya y’amavuta imbere y’ipompo y’amavuta, kandi muri rusange ni ubwoko bw’akayunguruzo k’icyuma. Akayunguruzo k’amavuta gashyirwa inyuma y’ikayunguruzo k’amavuta kandi gahuzwa ku buryo bukurikiranye n’inzira nyamukuru y’amavuta. Hariho ubwoko bw’icyuma gisya, ubwoko bw’akayunguruzo k’ibiti n’ubwoko bw’impapuro ziyungurura. Ubu ubwoko bw’impapuro ziyungurura amavuta gakoreshwa cyane cyane. Akayunguruzo gakomeye k’amavuta gashyirwa hamwe n’inzira nyamukuru y’amavuta nyuma y’ikayunguruzo k’amavuta. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’impapuro ziyungurura amavuta zirimo imiyoboro n’ubwoko bwa rotor. Akayunguruzo gakomeye k’amavuta ko mu bwoko bwa rotor gakoresha akayunguruzo ka centrifugal kadafite akayunguruzo, ibyo bigakemura neza ikibazo kiri hagati yo kunyura kw’amavuta n’uburyo bwo kuyayungurura.
Uruhare rw'akayunguruzo
Ubusanzwe hariho ubwoko bune bw'amafiriti akoreshwa mu matsinda ya moteri za mazutu: akayunguruzo k'umwuka, akayunguruzo ka mazutu, akayunguruzo k'amavuta, akayunguruzo k'amazi, ibi bikurikira bitanga akayunguruzo ka mazutu.
Akayunguruzo: Akayunguruzo k'imashini itunganya mazutu ni igikoresho cyihariye cyo kuyungurura mazutu gikoreshwa muri moteri zikoresha umuriro. Gashobora kuyungurura ibirenga 90% by'imyanda ya mekanike, colloids, asphaltenes, nibindi. Kanoza ubuzima bwa moteri. Mazutu idasukuye itera kwangirika kudasanzwe kwa sisitemu yo gutera lisansi ya moteri na silindiri, kagabanya ingufu za moteri, kakongera ikoreshwa rya lisansi vuba, kandi kagabanye cyane ubuzima bwa moteri. Gukoresha akayunguruzo ka mazutu bishobora kunoza cyane uburyo bwo kuyungurura no gukora neza kwa moteri zikoresha akayunguruzo ka mazutu ko mu bwoko bwa felt-type, bikongera igihe cyo kumara akayunguruzo ka mazutu keza gatumizwa mu mahanga inshuro nyinshi, kandi bikagira ingaruka zigaragara zo kuzigama lisansi. Uburyo bwo gushyiraho akayunguruzo ka mazutu: Akayunguruzo ka mazutu koroshye cyane gushyiramo, kayihuza gusa n'umurongo w'amavuta ukurikirana hakurikijwe aho amavuta yinjira n'aho asohokera. Witondere isano riri mu cyerekezo cyerekanwa n'umwambi, kandi icyerekezo cy'aho amavuta yinjira n'aho asohokera ntigishobora gusubizwa inyuma. Mu gihe ukoresha kandi ugasimbuza ikintu cy'akayunguruzo ku nshuro ya mbere, akayunguruzo ka mazutu kagomba kuzuzwa amavuta ya mazutu, kandi hagomba kwitabwaho umwotsi. Valve isohora umwuka iri ku gifuniko cy'inyuma cy'umuringoti.
Akayunguruzo k'amavuta
Uburyo bwo gusimbuza icyuma gitunganya ibyuma: Mu gihe gikoreshwa bisanzwe, iyo inzogera y'umuvuduko utandukanye w'inzogera y'icyuma gitunganya ibyuma cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'imashini itunganya ibyuma birengeje amasaha 300, icyuma gitunganya ibyuma kigomba gusimburwa.
Uburyo bwo gusimbuza ikintu cy’urufunguzo: 1. Gusimbuza ikintu cy’urufunguzo cy’igikoresho cyo kuyungurura gifite umugozi umwe: a. Funga valve y’umupira w’aho amavuta yinjira hanyuma ufungure igipfundikizo cyo hejuru. (Igipfundikizo cyo hejuru cy’ubwoko bwa aluminiyumu kigomba gukurwa buhoro buhoro uhereye ku cyuho cyo ku ruhande ukoresheje screwdriver ifite icyuma gifunganye); b. Kuramo insinga y’aho amazi asohoka kugira ngo usuke amavuta y’imyanda; c. Kuramo nut ifata ku mpera yo hejuru y’ikintu cy’urufunguzo, hanyuma umukozi yambara icyuma kidafata amavuta. Fata nut ifata ku mpande zo hejuru z’ikintu cy’urufunguzo neza ukoresheje uturindantoki, hanyuma ukureho nut ishaje ihagaze hejuru; d. Simbuza nut ishya, shyira impeta yo hejuru yo gufunga (ufite gasket yayo yo gufunga ku mpera yo hasi), hanyuma ukaze nut; f. Kanda insinga yo gufunga y’aho amazi asohoka hanyuma upfuke igipfundikizo cyo hejuru (Witondere gufunga impeta yo gufunga), hanyuma uhambire bolts. 2. Gusimbuza nut ifata ku gikoresho cyo kuyungurura gifite umugozi umwe: a. Banza ufunge valve y'amavuta y'akayunguruzo ku ruhande rumwe rw'ikintu gifunguye kigomba gusimburwa, funga valve y'amavuta nyuma y'iminota mike, hanyuma ukuremo bolts z'umupfundikizo hanyuma ufungure umupfundikizo w'umusozo; b. Fungura valve y'imyanda kugira ngo usuke amavuta yanduye yose kandi wirinde ko amavuta yanduye yinjira mu cyumba cy'amavuta gisukuye igihe ikintu gifunguye gisimbuwe; c. Kuramo nut yo gufata ku mpera yo hejuru y'ikintu gifunguye, umukozi yambara uturindantoki tudakoresha amavuta kugira ngo afate nutrification neza, hanyuma ukureho nutrification ishaje ihagaze hejuru; c. Simbuza nutrification nshya, shyira impeta yo hejuru yo gufunga (impande yo hepfo ifite gasket yayo yo gufunga), hanyuma ukaze nutr; d. Funga valve yo gusohora amazi, upfuke umupfundikizo wo hejuru (witondere impeta yo gufunga), hanyuma uhambire bolts. E. Banza ufungure valve yo kwinjiramo amavuta, hanyuma ufungure valve yo gusohora amazi, funga valve yo gusohora amazi ako kanya iyo amavuta asohotse muri valve yo gusohora amazi, hanyuma ufungure valve yo gusohora amavuta; hanyuma ukoreshe nutrification yo ku rundi ruhande muri ubwo buryo.
Akayunguruzo k'imashini zitanga amashanyarazi
Akayunguruzo k'umwuka gashyirwa mu imashini zikora: Ni igikoresho gikurura umwuka gifata umwuka kiyungurura uduce n'imyanda iri mu mwuka uhumekwa iyo imashini zikora. Kigizwe n'agace kayungurura umwuka n'agasanduku. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi muri akayunguruzo k'umwuka ni ukuyungurura umwuka neza, kudatembera neza, no gukoreshwa igihe kirekire nta kubungabungwa. Iyo imashini zikora, niba umwuka uhumekwa urimo umukungugu n'indi myanda, bizatuma ibice birushaho kwangirika, bityo hagomba gushyirwaho akayunguruzo k'umwuka.
Hari uburyo butatu bwo kuyungurura umwuka: ubwoko bwa inertia, ubwoko bwa filter n'ubwoko bwa mavuta yo kwiyuhagira:
Ubwoko bw'ibice n'imyanda: Kubera ko ubucucike bw'uduce n'imyanda buri hejuru y'ubw'umwuka, iyo uduce n'imyanda bizengurukana n'umwuka cyangwa bigahindura isura cyane, imbaraga za centrifugal inertial zishobora gutandukanya imyanda n'umwuka utemba.
Ubwoko bw'akayunguruzo: kuyobora umwuka unyura mu cyuma gishyushya cyangwa mu mpapuro ziyungurura, nibindi, kugira ngo uhagarike uduce duto n'imyanda kandi ufatanye n'ikintu gishyushya.
Ubwoko bw'ubwogero bw'amavuta: Hari isafuriya y'amavuta iri hepfo ya filter y'umwuka, ikoresha umwuka utemba kugira ngo ikore ku mavuta vuba, itandukanya uduce n'imyanda hanyuma ikabitera muri ayo mavuta, maze ibitonyanga by'amavuta byavungaguritse binyura mu cyuma gitunganya umwuka hamwe n'umwuka utemba kandi bigafatana n'amavuta kuri filter. Iyo umwuka unyuze mu cyuma gitunganya umwuka, ushobora kongera kwinjiza imyanda, kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo kuyungurura.
Uburyo bwo gusimbuza akayunguruzo k'umwuka k'itsinda rya generator: imashini isanzwe ya generator isimburwa rimwe mu masaha 500 ikora; imashini isanzwe ya generator isimburwa rimwe mu masaha 300 cyangwa amezi 6. Iyo imashini isanzwe ya generator ikomeje gukoreshwa, ishobora gukurwaho igaturika hakoreshejwe imbunda y'umwuka, cyangwa igihe cyo kuyisimbura gishobora kongerwaho amasaha 200 cyangwa amezi atatu.
Ibisabwa ku kuyungurura: Imashini zikozwe n'inganda nyazo zirakenewe, ariko zishobora kuba atari iz'ibigo binini, ariko iz'impimbano n'izidakomeye ntizigomba gukoreshwa.
