itose
Amazi meza
isafuriya y'amavuta
Imodoka nyinshi zigaragara ku isoko ni amavuta yuzuye amavuta.Impamvu ituma bitwa amavuta yamavuta ni uko crankshaft crankshaft hamwe nimpera nini yinkoni ihuza moteri yibizwa mumavuta yo kwisiga yamavuta ya peteroli iyo buri mpinduramatwara ya crankshaft.Muri icyo gihe, kubera imikorere yihuse ya crankshaft, igihe cyose igikonjo cyinjijwe muri pisine ya peteroli ku muvuduko mwinshi, amavuta amwe n'amwe hamwe n’ibicu bya peteroli bizakangurwa kugira ngo bisige amavuta hamwe n’igihuru cyera, ari cyo bita amavuta yo kwisiga.Muri ubu buryo, haribisabwa bimwe murwego rwamazi yamavuta yo kwisiga mumasafuriya yamavuta.Niba ari hasi cyane, igikonjo nigitereko kinini cyinkoni ihuza ntishobora kwibizwa mumavuta yo gusiga, bikavamo kubura amavuta hamwe nigitereko cyoroshye, guhuza inkoni no kwera igihuru.;Niba amavuta yo gusiga amavuta ari menshi cyane, ubwikorezi buzibizwa muri byose, ibyo bikazongera imbaraga zo kuzunguruka kwa crankshaft, amaherezo bikazatuma igabanuka ryimikorere ya moteri.
Ubu buryo bwo gusiga amavuta bufite imiterere yoroshye kandi ntibisaba ikindi kigega cya peteroli, ariko impengamiro yikinyabiziga ntigomba kuba nini cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizatera impanuka ya peteroli yaka umuriro kubera kunanirwa kwa peteroli no kumeneka kwa peteroli.
yumye
Kuma
Amashanyarazi yumye akoreshwa muri moteri nyinshi zo gusiganwa.Ntabwo ibika amavuta mumasuka, mubyukuri, ntamavuta yamenetse.Ubuso bwo guterana hejuru yibi bigenda muri crankcase bisizwe amavuta ukanda amavuta unyuze kumurongo umwe.Kubera ko moteri yumye yumye ihagarika imikorere yo kubika amavuta ya peteroli, uburebure bwamavuta ya peteroli buragabanuka cyane, kandi uburebure bwa moteri nabwo buragabanuka.Inyungu nyamukuru nuko yirinda ibintu bibi byo kumeneka biterwa no gutwara cyane.
Nyamara, umuvuduko wose wamavuta yo gusiga ava muri pompe yamavuta.Imbaraga za pompe yamavuta ihujwe nibikoresho byifashishwa mukuzenguruka kwa crankshaft.Nubwo muri moteri itose, pompe yamavuta nayo irasabwa gutanga amavuta yo kwisiga.Ariko uyu muvuduko ni muto, kandi pompe yamavuta ikenera imbaraga nke cyane.Muri moteri yumye, ariko, imbaraga zamavuta yo kwisiga zigomba kuba nini cyane.Ubunini bwa pompe yamavuta nabwo bunini cyane kuruta pompe yamavuta ya moteri itose.Kubwibyo, pompe yamavuta ikeneye imbaraga nyinshi muriki gihe.Ibi ni nka moteri irenze urugero, pompe yamavuta igomba gukoresha igice cyingufu za moteri.Cyane cyane ku muvuduko mwinshi, iyo umuvuduko wa moteri wiyongereye, ubukana bwimikorere yibice byo guterana byiyongera, kandi hakenewe andi mavuta kugirango amavuta, bityo pompe yamavuta ikeneye gutanga umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi no gukoresha ingufu za crankshaft nazo zirakomera.
Ikigaragara ni uko igishushanyo nk'iki kidakwiriye kuri moteri zisanzwe z’ibinyabiziga bya gisivili, kubera ko gikeneye gutakaza igice cy’ingufu za moteri, kikaba kitagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’amashanyarazi gusa, ariko kandi ntikifasha kuzamura ubukungu.Kubwibyo, isupu yumye ifite gusa moteri nini yo kwimura cyangwa moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi, nkizo modoka za siporo zavutse kubera gutwara cyane.Kurugero, Lamborghini yemera igishushanyo mbonera cyamavuta yumye.Kuri yo, ni ngombwa cyane kunoza amavuta yo kwisiga kumupaka no kubona centre yo hasi yingufu, kandi gutakaza ingufu birashobora kwishyurwa no kongera kwimuka nibindi.Kubijyanye nubukungu Imibonano mpuzabitsina nikintu iyi moderi idakeneye gutekereza na gato.
Gukora no kubungabunga
Pompe yo gutera lisansi nigice cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo gutanga mazutu ya mazutu, kandi imikorere yayo igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ingufu, ubukungu n’ubwizerwe bwa moteri ya mazutu.Kubungabunga neza nikintu cyingenzi gisabwa kugirango tumenye imikorere isanzwe ya pompe yatewe no kongera igihe cyakazi."Ibintu icumi" bikurikira birakwigisha uburyo bwo kubungabunga pompe yamavuta ya moteri ya mazutu:
1. Kubungabunga neza ibikoresho bya pompe yatewe.
Igipfundikizo cyuruhande rwumubiri wa pompe, dipstick yamavuta, lisansi yamavuta (respirator), valve yamenetse yamavuta, icyuma cya pisine, icyuma cyamavuta, pompe yamavuta ikosora, nibindi bigomba guhorana neza.Ibi bikoresho bigira uruhare runini mumikorere ya pompe yatewe.uruhare rukomeye.Kurugero, igifuniko cyuruhande kirashobora gukumira kwinjiza umwanda nkumukungugu namazi, ubuhumekero (hamwe nayunguruzo) burashobora gukumira neza kwangirika kwamavuta, kandi amavuta arengerwa na peteroli yemeza ko sisitemu ya lisansi ifite umuvuduko runaka kandi ikora ntukajye mu kirere.Kubwibyo, birakenewe gushimangira kubungabunga ibyo bikoresho, no gusana cyangwa kubisimbuza mugihe byangiritse cyangwa byatakaye.
2. Kugenzura buri gihe niba ubwinshi bwamavuta nubuziranenge muri pisine ya pompe yatewe ibitoro byujuje ibisabwa.
Mbere yo gutangira moteri ya mazutu, ubwinshi nubwiza bwamavuta muri pompe yatewe lisansi bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe (usibye pompe yatewe lisansi ihatirwa gusiga amavuta) kugirango harebwe niba amavuta ahagije kandi ireme ni ryiza.Bitabaye ibyo, bizatera kwambara hakiri kare ya plunger hamwe na peteroli isohoka ya valve, bivamo imbaraga zidahagije za moteri ya mazutu, ingorane zo gutangira, kandi mubihe bikomeye, kwangirika no kwangirika kwa plunger hamwe na peteroli ya peteroli.Bitewe no kumeneka imbere kwa pompe yamavuta, imikorere mibi ya valve isohoka, kwambara tappet no gufunga pompe yohereza amavuta, no kwangiriza impeta ya kashe, amavuta ya mazutu azinjira mumazi ya peteroli hanyuma agabanye amavuta.Kubwibyo, igomba gusimburwa mugihe ukurikije ubwiza bwamavuta.Ikigega gisukuwe neza kugirango gikureho umwanda nindi myanda iri munsi yikigega cya peteroli, bitabaye ibyo amavuta azangirika nyuma yigihe gito cyo kuyakoresha.Umubare wamavuta ntugomba kuba menshi cyangwa make.Amavuta menshi muri guverineri azaganisha byoroshye "kwihuta" kwa moteri ya mazutu.Amavuta make cyane azatera amavuta mabi.Amavuta ya dipstick cyangwa indege ya peteroli igomba gutsinda.Byongeye kandi, iyo moteri ya mazutu idakoreshejwe igihe kinini, birakenewe kugenzura niba hari umwanda nkamazi namavuta ya mazutu mumavuta muri pisine yamavuta ya pompe.Ibice byangiritse byumye kandi biraseswa.
3. Kugenzura buri gihe no guhindura ibitoro bya buri silinderi ya pompe yatewe.
Bitewe no kwambara planger hamwe na peteroli isohoka ya peteroli, kumeneka imbere kwamavuta ya mazutu bizatuma itangwa rya lisansi ya buri silinderi rigabanuka cyangwa ridahwanye, bikaviramo ingorane zo gutangiza moteri ya mazutu, ingufu zidahagije, kongera ingufu za peteroli , n'imikorere idahindagurika.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe buri gihe kugenzura no guhindura itangwa rya lisansi ya buri silinderi ya pompe yatewe lisansi kugirango imikorere ya moteri ya mazutu ikore.Mugukoresha nyabyo, ingano ya lisansi ya buri silinderi irashobora kugenwa no kureba umwotsi mwinshi wa moteri ya mazutu, kumva amajwi ya moteri, no gukora ku bushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwinshi.
4. Koresha imiyoboro isanzwe ya peteroli.
Mugihe cyo gutanga lisansi ya pompe yatewe na lisansi, kubera kugabanuka kwamavuta ya mazutu hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwumuyoboro wamavuta wumuvuduko mwinshi, amavuta ya mazutu yumuvuduko mwinshi azana ihindagurika ryumuvuduko mumiyoboro, kandi bisaba igihe runaka kugirango umuvuduko w'umuvuduko wohereza mu muyoboro.Umubare ni umwe, moteri ya mazutu ikora neza, kandi uburebure na diameter byumuvuduko wamavuta wumuvuduko mwinshi byatoranijwe nyuma yo kubara.Kubwibyo, mugihe umuyoboro wamavuta wumuvuduko mwinshi wa silinderi runaka wangiritse, umuyoboro wamavuta wuburebure busanzwe na diameter ya pipe bigomba gusimburwa.Mu mikoreshereze nyayo, kubera kubura imiyoboro isanzwe ya peteroli, iyindi miyoboro yamavuta irakoreshwa aho, utitaye ko uburebure bwa diameter na diametre yimiyoboro ya peteroli ari bimwe, kuburyo uburebure na diameter byamavuta ya peteroli bitandukanye cyane.Nubwo ishobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyihutirwa, bizaganisha kumavuta ya silinderi.Guhindura impagarike yimbere hamwe namavuta yo gutanga amavuta bituma imashini yose ikora idahindagurika, bityo umuyoboro wamavuta wumuvuduko ukabije ugomba gukoreshwa mugukoresha.
5. Kugenzura buri gihe imiterere yikimenyetso cya valve ku mashini.
Nyuma yuko pompe yo guteramo lisansi ikora mugihe runaka, mugenzuye imiterere yikimenyetso cya valve isohoka, hashobora gucibwa urubanza rukomeye kubijyanye no kwambara plunger hamwe nakazi ka pompe yamavuta, bifite akamaro mukumenya uburyo bwo gusana no kubungabunga.Mugihe ugenzura, fungura amavuta yumuvuduko mwinshi wamavuta ya buri silinderi, hanyuma ukoreshe pompe yamavuta yintoki ya pompe yo gutanga amavuta kugirango uvome amavuta.Niba amavuta asohotse mu mavuta ahuza hejuru ya pompe yatewe lisansi, bivuze ko amavuta yo gusohora amavuta adafunze neza (birumvikana ko niba isoko ya peteroli yamenetse yamenetse, nayo izabikora Niba ibi bibaye), niba hari kashe mbi muri silindiri nyinshi, pompe yo gutera lisansi igomba gucukurwa neza kandi ikabungabungwa, kandi na coupler igomba gusimburwa.
6. Simbuza plunger yambarwa hamwe namavuta asohoka ya valve mugihe.
Iyo bigaragaye ko moteri ya mazutu igoye kuyitangira, ingufu ziragabanuka, kandi n’ikoreshwa rya lisansi ryiyongera, kandi pompe yatewe na lisansi na injeneri ya lisansi ntibirahinduka muguhindura pompe yatewe na lisansi, pompe yamavuta ya lisansi na lisansi valve isohoka igomba gusenywa no kugenzurwa.Niba plunger na lisansi isohoka yambarwa kurwego runaka, bigomba gusimburwa mugihe, ntugatsimbarare ku kongera gukoresha.Moteri ya Diesel yo gutangira, kongera ingufu za lisansi, ingufu zidahagije nibindi bihombo biterwa no kwambara ibice bifatanye birenze kure ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibice, kandi imbaraga nubukungu bya moteri ya mazutu bizatera imbere cyane nyuma yo gusimburwa.Ibice byo gusimbuza.
7. Amavuta ya mazutu agomba gukoreshwa no kuyungurura neza kugirango amavuta ya mazutu yinjira muri pompe yatewe lisansi afite isuku cyane.
Muri rusange, moteri ya mazutu ifite ibyifuzo byinshi byo kuyungurura mazutu kuruta moteri ya lisansi.Amavuta ya Diesel yujuje amanota asabwa agomba guhitamo gukoreshwa, kandi agomba kugwa byibuze amasaha 48.Shimangira isuku no gufata neza filteri ya mazutu, sukura cyangwa usimbuze akayunguruzo mugihe;sukura ikigega cya mazutu mugihe ukurikije ibidukikije bikora, ukureho neza umwanda nubushuhe munsi yigitoro cya lisansi, kandi umwanda wose uri muri mazutu uzagira ingaruka kumashanyarazi ya pompe yatewe na peteroli nibisohoka.Kwangirika gukomeye cyangwa kwambara kwa valve hamwe nibice byohereza.
8. Buri gihe ugenzure kandi uhindure impande zose zitanga lisansi ya pompe yatewe na peteroli hamwe na intera ya interineti ya buri silinderi.
Mugihe cyo kuyikoresha, kubera kurekura ibimera bifatanye hamwe no kwambara ibice byumubiri hamwe na roller, inguni yambere yo gutanga amavuta hamwe ningingo yo gutanga amavuta intera ya buri silinderi ikunze guhinduka, bigatuma umuriro wa mazutu uba mubi, kandi imbaraga nubukungu bya moteri ya mazutu.Imikorere irangirika, kandi mugihe kimwe, biragoye gutangira, bidahungabana mubikorwa, urusaku rudasanzwe nubushyuhe bukabije.Mu mikoreshereze nyayo, abashoferi benshi bitondera igenzura noguhindura muri rusange impande zose zitanga lisansi, ariko bakirengagiza igenzura noguhindura ingero zitangwa rya peteroli (harimo no guhindura impande imwe ya pompe itanga amavuta).Ariko, kubera kwambara kamashashi hamwe nibice byoherejwe na roller, gutanga amavuta ya silinderi isigaye ntabwo byanze bikunze byateganijwe, bizanatera ingorane zo gutangiza moteri ya mazutu, ingufu zidahagije, nigikorwa kidahungabana, cyane cyane kuri pompe yatewe lisansi Byakoreshejwe kuva kera.Bavuga ko hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane kugenzura no guhindura impande zitangwa na peteroli.
9. Kugenzura buri gihe gukuraho camshaft.
Gukuraho axial ya kamera ya pompe yatewe lisansi irakomeye cyane, muri rusange hagati ya 0.03 na 0.15mm.Niba gukuraho ari binini cyane, bizongera ingaruka zogukwirakwiza ibinyabiziga hejuru yimikorere ya kamera, bityo byongere kwambara hakiri kare hejuru ya kamera kandi bihindure itangwa.Inguni ya peteroli;Kamashaft ifite shitingi hamwe na radiyo yohanagura ni nini cyane, byoroshye gutuma kamashaft ikora ku buryo butaringaniye, igipimo cyamavuta yo kugabanya amavuta aranyeganyega, hamwe nubunini bwamavuta ahinduka mugihe gito, bigatuma moteri ya mazutu idahungabana, bityo rero birakenewe ko genzura kandi uhindure buri gihe.Iyo axial clearance ya camshaft ari nini cyane, shim irashobora kongerwaho kumpande zombi kugirango ihindurwe.Niba imiyoboro ya radiyo ari nini cyane, birakenewe muri rusange gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bishya.
10. Buri gihe ugenzure imyambarire yinzira zijyanye no gukosora.
Inzira zifatika hamwe na bolts byerekeza cyane cyane kumihanda ya camshaft, guhuza inzira ya flange (pompe yamavuta yohereza imbaraga hamwe no guhuza), urufunguzo ruzenguruka hamwe no gukosora ibyuma.Inzira ya camshaft, umuhanda wa flange hamwe nurufunguzo ruzengurutse uruziga rwa pompe yatewe mumavuta byakoreshejwe igihe kinini, kandi urumuri rwarashaje, bigatuma inzira yaguka, urufunguzo rwumuzingi ntirushirwaho neza, kandi impande zambere zamavuta impinduka zitangwa;mugihe gikomeye, urufunguzo rurazunguruka, bikaviramo kunanirwa kohereza amashanyarazi., birakenewe rero kugenzura buri gihe no gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibice byambarwa mugihe.
Kwirinda
Diesel
1. O-impeta yatewe inshinge yangiritse;
2. Atomisation mbi ya inshinge, amavuta atonyanga;
3. Kwinjiza nabi inshinge;
4. O-impeta ntiyasimbuwe igihe inshinge zongeye gushyirwaho.
Ububiko bwa Cummins bugomba kwitondera:
1) Ahantu ho kubika igitoro hagomba kuba umutekano kugirango wirinde umuriro.Ikigega cya lisansi cyangwa ingoma ya peteroli bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hagaragara honyine, kure yumuriro wa mazutu, kandi birabujijwe rwose kunywa itabi.
2) Ubushobozi bwa lisansi mubigega bya lisansi bugomba gutanga buri munsi.
3) Amavuta amaze gushyirwaho, urwego rwo hejuru rwa peteroli ntirushobora kuba hejuru ya metero 2,5 hejuru yumushinga wa moteri ya mazutu.Niba urwego rwamavuta yububiko bunini bwa peteroli ruri hejuru ya metero 2,5, ikigega cya peteroli ya buri munsi kigomba kongerwaho hagati yububiko bwa peteroli nini nigice kugirango bikore igitutu cyo gutanga amavuta ataziguye.Ntabwo arenga metero 2.5.Ndetse iyo moteri ya mazutu yazimye, lisansi ntiyemerewe gutembera muri moteri ya mazutu binyuze mumurongo winjira wa lisansi cyangwa umurongo wa lisansi ukoresheje uburemere.
4) Kurwanya icyambu cya peteroli ntibyemewe kurenza agaciro kerekanwe kumpapuro zose zerekana imikorere ya moteri ya mazutu mugihe ukoresheje ikintu gisukuye.Agaciro ko guhangana gashingiye kuri kimwe cya kabiri cya lisansi mu kigega cya lisansi.
5) Kurwanya lisansi ntigomba kurenza ibisobanuro kurupapuro rwerekana imikorere ya moteri ya mazutu yakoreshejwe.
6) Guhuza umuyoboro wamavuta ya peteroli ntibigomba gutera imivurungano kugaragara mumuyoboro wa peteroli.
