gutose
Ifu y'amazi
isafuriya y'amavuta
Imodoka nyinshi zigaragara ku isoko ni amasafuriya y'amavuta asanzwe. Impamvu zitwa amasafuriya y'amavuta asanzwe ni uko crankshaft ya crankshaft n'intambi nini y'icyuma gihuza moteri byinjizwa mu mavuta yo kwisiga yo mu isafuriya y'amavuta inshuro imwe gusa mu gihe cy'impinduka ya crankshaft. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'imikorere y'umuvuduko mwinshi wa crankshaft, igihe cyose crankshaft yinjijwe mu kidendezi cy'amavuta ku muvuduko mwinshi, hari ibisigazwa by'amavuta n'ibihu bya peteroli bizakangurwa kugira ngo crankshaft na bearing bush, aribyo byitwa splash lubrication. Muri ubu buryo, hari ibisabwa kugira ngo amavuta yo kwisiga abe menshi mu isafuriya y'amavuta abe menshi. Iyo ari make cyane, crankshaft ya crankshaft n'intambi nini y'icyuma gihuza ntibishobora kwinjizwa mu mavuta yo kwisiga, bigatuma crankshaft ibura amavuta kandi crankshaft igenda neza, connecting rod na bearing bush iba nziza. Iyo urugero rw'amavuta yo kwisiga ruri hejuru cyane, ubwinshi bw'amavuta buzinjira muri byose, ibyo bizongera imbaraga zo kuzunguruka kwa crankshaft, ibyo bikazatuma imikorere ya moteri igabanuka.
Ubwo buryo bwo gusiga amavuta bufite imiterere yoroshye kandi ntibusaba ikigega cy'amavuta cy'inyongera, ariko aho imodoka inyura ntihagomba kuba hanini cyane, bitabaye ibyo byatera impanuka ya silindiri y'amavuta isha bitewe n'uko amavuta yangiritse ndetse n'amazi yavuye mu mavuta.
humutse
Ifu yumutse
Amavuta yumye akoreshwa muri moteri nyinshi zo gusiganwa. Ntibika amavuta muri ayo mavuta, mu buryo bw'umwihariko, nta mavuta yumye. Ubuso bw'iyi migendere muri crankcase buterwa amavuta binyuze mu gukamura amavuta binyuze mu mwobo umwe umwe. Kubera ko moteri yumye ituma ububiko bw'amavuta buhagarara, uburebure bw'ayo mavuta yumye buragabanuka cyane, kandi uburebure bwa moteri nabwo buragabanuka. Inyungu nyamukuru ni uko yirinda ingaruka mbi z'amazi yumye aterwa no gutwara cyane.
Ariko, igitutu cyose cy'amavuta yo kwisiga gituruka kuri pompe y'amavuta. Ingufu za pompe y'amavuta zihuzwa na verisiyo binyuze mu kuzunguruka kwa crankshaft. Nubwo muri moteri y'amazi, pompe y'amavuta nayo irakenewe kugira ngo itange amavuta yo kwisiga kuri camshaft. Ariko uyu muvuduko ni muto, kandi pompe y'amavuta ikenera ingufu nke cyane. Ariko muri moteri z'amazi yumye, imbaraga z'uyu muvuduko zigomba kuba nyinshi cyane. Kandi ingano ya pompe y'amavuta nayo ni nini cyane kuruta pompe y'amavuta ya moteri y'amazi. Kubwibyo, pompe y'amavuta ikeneye imbaraga nyinshi muri iki gihe. Ibi bimeze nka moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi, pompe y'amavuta ikeneye gukoresha igice cy'imbaraga za moteri. Cyane cyane ku muvuduko mwinshi, iyo umuvuduko wa moteri wiyongereye, imbaraga z'imigendere y'ibice byo gukururana ziriyongera, kandi hakenewe amavuta menshi kugira ngo amavuta aruhuke, bityo pompe y'amavuta ikeneye gutanga igitutu kinini, kandi imbaraga za crankshaft nazo ziyongera.
Birumvikana ko igishushanyo nk'iki kidakwiye moteri zisanzwe zitwara ibinyabiziga, kuko kigomba gutakaza igice cy'ingufu za moteri, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku ngufu zisohoka gusa, ahubwo binatuma ubukungu burushaho kuba bwiza. Kubwibyo, umuyoboro w'amazi urimo gusa moteri nini cyangwa moteri zifite ingufu nyinshi, nk'izo modoka za siporo zavukiye gutwara cyane. Urugero, Lamborghini ikoresha igishushanyo cy'umuyoboro w'amavuta yumye. Kuri yo, ni ngombwa cyane kunoza ubushobozi bwo gusiga amavuta ku rugero rungana no kubona imbaraga nkeya, kandi gutakaza ingufu bishobora kwishyurwa no kongera umuyoboro w'amazi n'ibindi bintu. Ku bijyanye n'ubukungu Imibonano mpuzabitsina ni ikintu iyi moderi idakeneye gusuzuma na gato.
Imikorere n'isukura
Pompe itera lisansi ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwo gutanga lisansi ikoresha lisansi, kandi imikorere yayo igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ngufu, ubukungu n'ubwizigirwa bwa lisansi ikoresha lisansi. Kubungabunga neza ni ngombwa kugira ngo pompe itera lisansi ikore neza kandi yongere igihe cyo kuyikoresha. "Ibintu icumi" bikurikira bikwigisha uburyo bwo kubungabunga pompe itera lisansi ikoresha lisansi ikoresha lisansi:
1. Gufata neza ibikoresho by'ipompo itera lisansi.
Uruhande rw'agapfundikizo k'ipompe, agapfundikizo k'amavuta, agapfundikizo ko kongeramo lisansi (respirator), valve isukamo amavuta, screw screw ya pisine y'amavuta, screw y'amavuta, bolt ifata pompe y'amavuta, nibindi bigomba kuguma uko biri. Ibi bikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere ya pompe itera lisansi. Urugero, agapfundikizo k'uruhande gashobora gukumira kwinjira kw'imyanda nk'umukungugu n'amazi, respirator (ifite akayunguruzo) ishobora gukumira kwangirika kw'amavuta, kandi valve isohora amavuta ituma sisitemu y'amavuta igira umuvuduko runaka kandi ntiyinjire mu kirere. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kongera ingufu mu kubungabunga ibi bikoresho, no kubisana cyangwa kubisimbuza igihe niba byangiritse cyangwa byatakaye.
2. Reba buri gihe niba ingano n'ubwiza bw'amavuta biri mu kigega cy'amavuta cya pompe itera lisansi byujuje ibisabwa.
Mbere yo gutangiza icyuma gitanga mazutu, ingano n'ubwiza bw'amavuta ari muri pompe itera mazutu bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe (usibye pompe itera mazutu ihatirwa gushyira amavuta muri moteri) kugira ngo harebwe ko ingano y'amavuta ihagije kandi ko ubuziranenge ari bwiza. Bitabaye ibyo, bizatuma pompe itera mazutu n'agace k'amavuta gatangira kwangirika, bigatuma moteri ya mazutu idakora neza, bigorana gutangira, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, pompe itera mazutu n'agace k'amavuta gatangira kwangirika. Bitewe n'amazi y'imbere mu pompe y'amavuta, imikorere mibi ya value isohora amavuta, kwangirika kwa tappet n'agasanduku k'ipompe itwara amavuta, ndetse no kwangirika kw'impeta yo gufunga, amavuta ya mazutu azameneka mu kidendezi cy'amavuta maze agatonyanga amavuta. Kubwibyo, agomba gusimbuzwa igihe bitewe n'ubwiza bw'amavuta. Ikigega gisukurwa neza kugira ngo hakureho umwanda n'indi myanda iri hasi mu kigega cy'amavuta, bitabaye ibyo amavuta azangirika nyuma y'igihe gito ikoreshejwe. Ingano y'amavuta ntigomba kuba nyinshi cyane cyangwa nke cyane. Amavuta menshi muri governor ashobora gutuma moteri ya mazutu ikora "umuvuduko" woroshye. Amavuta make cyane atera amavuta make. Agakoresho k'amavuta cyangwa vis y'amavuta ni byo bizakoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, iyo moteri ya mazutu idakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba hari imyanda nk'amazi na mazutu mu mavuta ari mu kidendezi cy'amavuta cya pompe y'amavuta. Ibice byangiritse bifatana kandi bigashwanyagurika.
3. Reba buri gihe kandi uhindure ingano y'amavuta ya buri silindiri y'ipompo itera lisansi.
Bitewe n'uko icyuma gitera amazi (plunger coupler) n'icyuma gitera amazi (valve outlet valve) biramba, kugabanuka kw'amavuta ya mazutu imbere mu mubiri bizatuma lisansi ya buri silindiri igabanuka cyangwa idakwiranye, bigatuma moteri ya mazutu itangira kugorana, ingufu zidahagije, lisansi ikoreshwa cyane, ndetse n'imikorere idahoraho. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kugenzura no guhindura ingano y'amavuta ya buri silindiri ya pompe itera amavuta kugira ngo umenye neza imikorere y'imbaraga za moteri ya mazutu. Mu ikoreshwa nyaryo, ingano y'amavuta ya buri silindiri ishobora kumenyekana hifashishijwe kureba umwotsi w'imyotsi ya moteri ya mazutu, kumva ijwi rya moteri, no gukora ku bushyuhe bw'imyotsi isohora umwuka.
4. Koresha imiyoboro isanzwe y'amavuta ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.
Mu gihe cyo gutanga lisansi kuri pompe ikoresha lisansi, bitewe n’uko amavuta ya mazutu ashobora gukazwa no gukomera k’umuyoboro w’amavuta ufite umuvuduko mwinshi, amavuta ya mazutu afite umuvuduko mwinshi azahindura umuvuduko w’umuvuduko mu muyoboro, kandi bifata igihe runaka kugira ngo umuvuduko w’umuvuduko ugere mu muyoboro. Ingano ni imwe, moteri ya mazutu ikora neza, kandi uburebure n’umurambararo w’umuyoboro w’amavuta ufite umuvuduko mwinshi bitoranywa nyuma yo kubara. Kubwibyo, iyo umuyoboro w’amavuta ufite umuvuduko mwinshi wa silindiri runaka wangiritse, umuyoboro w’amavuta ufite uburebure busanzwe n’umurambararo w’umuyoboro ugomba gusimbuzwa. Mu ikoreshwa nyaryo, bitewe n’ibura ry’imiyoboro y’amavuta isanzwe, hakoreshwa indi miyoboro y’amavuta, hatitawe ku burebure n’umurambararo w’imiyoboro y’amavuta, ku buryo uburebure n’umurambararo by’imiyoboro y’amavuta bitandukanye cyane. Nubwo ishobora gukoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa, bizatuma silindiri itangira gutanga amavuta. Impinduka z’inguni n’ingano y’amavuta bituma imashini yose idakora neza, bityo umuyoboro w’amavuta ufite umuvuduko mwinshi ugomba gukoreshwa mu gihe ukoreshwa.
5. Reba buri gihe uko icyuma gifunga valve kuri mashini kimeze.
Nyuma y'uko pompe itera lisansi ikoze igihe runaka, hagenzurwa imiterere y'ifunga rya vali y'isoko rya lisansi, hashobora gufatwa umwanzuro ukarishye ku ishaje rya plunger n'imikorere ya pompe ya lisansi, ibyo bikaba ari ingirakamaro mu kugena uburyo bwo gusana no kubungabunga. Mu kugenzura, kura imiyoboro y'amavuta ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wa buri silinda, hanyuma ukoreshe pompe y'amavuta y'intoki ya pompe itwara amavuta mu kupompa amavuta. Niba amavuta asohotse mu miyoboro y'amavuta hejuru ya pompe itera lisansi, bivuze ko vali y'amavuta idafunze neza (birumvikana ko niba isoko ry'amasukari ryacitse, nabyo bizabaho Iyo bibaye), niba hari agapfundikizo kabi muri silinda nyinshi, pompe itera lisansi igomba gukosorwa neza no kubungabungwa, kandi agapfundikizo kagasimburwa.
6. Simbuza imashini ishaje yo gusohora amavuta n'imashini isohoka mu mazutu mu gihe gikwiye.
Iyo bigaragaye ko moteri ya mazutu igoye gutangira, ingufu ziragabanuka, kandi ikoreshwa rya lisansi rirazamuka, kandi pompe itera lisansi n'icyuma gitera lisansi ntibiranozwa binyuze mu guhindura pompe itera lisansi, pompe itera lisansi n'icyuma gisohora lisansi bigomba gusenywa no gusuzumwa. Niba pompe itera lisansi n'icyuma gisohora lisansi byashaje ku rugero runaka, bigomba gusimburwa igihe, ntugahatire kongera gukoresha. Ingorane zo gutangiza moteri ya mazutu, kwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa rya lisansi, ingufu zidahagije n'ibindi bihombo biterwa no kwangirika kw'ibice bitera lisansi birenga cyane ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibice bitera lisansi, kandi imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwa moteri ya mazutu bizarushaho kuba byiza nyuma yo gusimburwa. Ibice bisimbura.
7. Amavuta ya mazutu agomba gukoreshwa no kuyungururwa neza kugira ngo amavuta ya mazutu yinjira mu ipompo ikoresha lisansi abe meza cyane.
Muri rusange, moteri zitanga mazutu zifite ibisabwa byinshi mu kuyungurura mazutu kurusha moteri za lisansi. Amavuta ya mazutu yujuje ibisabwa agomba gutoranywa kugira ngo akoreshwe, kandi agomba kuba ashyushye mu gihe cy'amasaha 48. Kongera isuku no kubungabunga filter ya mazutu, gusukura cyangwa gusimbuza filter ku gihe; gusukura tanki ya mazutu ku gihe ukurikije imiterere y'aho ikorera, gukuraho neza umwanda n'ubushuhe biri hasi mu tanki ya lisansi, kandi umwanda uwo ari wo wose muri mazutu ugira ingaruka ku ipompo ikoresha lisansi n'umusaruro w'amavuta. Kwangirika gukomeye cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byo guhuza lisansi n'ibice byayo.
8. Reba kandi uhindure buri gihe inguni y’inguni y’imashini ikoresha lisansi y’ipompe ikoresha lisansi n’inguni y’intera y’imashini ikoresha lisansi ya buri silindiri.
Mu gihe cyo gukoresha, bitewe no gucika intege kw'imigozi yo guhuza hamwe no kwangirika kw'ibice by'umubiri bya camshaft na roller, inguni yo gutanga amavuta n'inguni yo gutanga amavuta ya buri cylinder ikunze guhinduka, bigatuma umuriro wa mazutu urushaho kwiyongera, ndetse n'imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwa moteri ya mazutu. Imikorere iragabanuka, kandi icyarimwe, biragoye gutangira, kudahindagurika mu mikorere, urusaku rudasanzwe no gushyuha cyane. Mu mikoreshereze nyayo, abashoferi benshi bita ku igenzura n'ivugurura ry'inguni yo gutanga amavuta muri rusange, ariko bakirengagiza igenzura n'ivugurura ry'inguni yo gutanga amavuta (harimo ivugurura inguni imwe yo gutanga amavuta). Ariko, bitewe no kwangirika kwa camshafts n'ibice byo kohereza amavuta, gutanga amavuta kuri cylinder zisigaye si ngombwa ko biba ari ngombwa, ibyo bizatuma moteri ya mazutu igorana, ingufu nke, n'imikorere idahindagurika, cyane cyane kuri pompe ikoresha lisansi imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa. Bivugwa ko hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane igenzura n'ivugurura ry'inguni yo gutanga amavuta.
9. Gusuzuma buri gihe aho camshaft iherereye.
Uburyo bwo gushyiramo camshaft ya pompe ikoresha lisansi mu buryo bw'umurongo ugororotse ni bukomeye cyane, muri rusange hagati ya mm 0.03 na mm 0.15. Iyo aho iherereye ari hanini cyane, bizatuma ibice by'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi birushaho gukora ku buso bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bityo bikongera kwangirika kw'ubuso bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi no guhindura aho ituruka. Inguni yo gutera imbere y'amavuta; Umugozi w'icyuma gifata camshaft n'aho ihagarara ni binini cyane, byoroshye gutuma camshaft ikora nabi, ingano y'amavuta irahindagurika, kandi ingano y'amavuta ihinduka buri gihe, bigatuma moteri ya mazutu idakora neza, bityo ni ngombwa kugenzura no guhindura buri gihe. Iyo aho ihagarara ya camshaft ari nini cyane, imigozi ishobora kongerwa ku mpande zombi kugira ngo ihindurwe. Niba aho ihagarara ari hanini cyane, muri rusange ni ngombwa gusimbuza ikintu gishya.
10. Reba buri gihe uko imfunguzo zikoreshwa zigenda zishira n'uko imigozi yo kuzishyiraho igenda ishira.
Inzira n'amaboliti bifitanye isano ahanini bivuga inzira z'amaboliti ya camshaft, inzira z'amaboliti yo guhuza (pompe za peteroli zitanga ingufu hamwe n'amaboliti), imfunguzo za semicircular na boliti zo guhuza. Inzira y'amaboliti ya camshaft, inzira y'amaboliti ya flange n'amaboliti ya semicircular ya pompe itera lisansi byakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, kandi iby'urumuri birashaje, bigatuma inzira y'amaboliti yagutse, urufunguzo rwa semicircular ntirushyirweho neza, kandi inguni y'amazi atangwa na peteroli irahinduka; mu gihe gikomeye, urufunguzo rurazinduka, bigatuma umuriro udakora neza. , bityo ni ngombwa kugenzura buri gihe no gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibice byashaje ku gihe.
Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
Inkunga za mazutu
1. Impeta ya O-ring y'icyuma gitera inshinge yangiritse;
2. Atomu mbi y'inshinge, amavuta ashoka;
3. Gushyiramo inshinge nabi;
4. Impeta ya O-ring ntiyasimbuwe igihe inshinge yashyirwagaho.
Ububiko bwa Cummins bugomba kwitabwaho cyane:
1) Aho ikigega cya lisansi kiri hagomba kuba hari umutekano kugira ngo hatabaho inkongi y'umuriro. Ikigega cya lisansi cyangwa icupa ry'amavuta bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hagaragara honyine, kure y'aho icyuma gitanga lisansi gishyirwa, kandi birabujijwe kunywera itabi.
2) Ubushobozi bwa lisansi mu kigega cya lisansi bugomba gutuma habaho itangwa rya buri munsi.
3) Nyuma yo gushyiramo ikigega cy'amavuta, urwego rwo hejuru rw'amavuta ntirushobora kurenza metero 2.5 hejuru y'ishingiro ry'icyuma gitanga amavuta. Niba urwego rw'amavuta mu kigega kinini cy'amavuta ruri hejuru ya metero 2.5, ikigega cy'amavuta cya buri munsi kigomba kongerwamo hagati y'ikigega kinini cy'amavuta n'icyuma kugira ngo habeho umuvuduko wo gutanga amavuta mu buryo butaziguye. Ntibirenze metero 2.5. Ndetse n'iyo moteri ya mazutu izimye, lisansi ntiyemerewe kwinjira muri moteri ya mazutu binyuze mu murongo w'ibikomoka kuri mazutu cyangwa umurongo w'ibikomoka kuri mazutu bitewe n'imbaraga z'uburemere.
4) Ubudahangarwa ku cyambu cya peteroli ntibwemerewe kurenza agaciro kavuzwe ku mpapuro zose z'amakuru agenga imikorere ya moteri ya mazutu iyo ukoresha ikintu gisukuye cyo kuyungurura. Agaciro k'ubudahangarwa gashingiye kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'amavuta ari mu kigega cya lisansi.
5) Ubudahangarwa bwo kugarura lisansi ntibugomba kurenza ibipimo biri ku rupapuro rw'amakuru y'imikorere ya moteri ya mazutu ikoreshwa.
6) Guhuza umuyoboro ugarura amavuta ntibigomba gutuma habaho imiraba ihindagurika mu muyoboro wa mazutu.
