Isafuriya y'amavuta.
Isafuriya y'amavuta ni igice cyo hasi cy'isafuriya, izwi kandi nka isafuriya yo hasi. Umurimo ni ugufunga isafuriya nk'igikonoshwa cy'ikigega cyo kubikamo amavuta, gukumira imyanda kwinjira, no gukusanya no kubika amavuta asukura ava ku buso bwa moteri ya mazutu, gusohora ubushyuhe, no gukumira ogisijeni y'amavuta asukura.
Ifu y'amavuta iri munsi ya moteri: irakurwaho kandi igafunga crankcase nk'aho ikigega cy'amavuta gishyirwa. Isafuriya y'amavuta igizwe ahanini n'icyuma gito gifunga, kandi imiterere yayo igoye cyane muri rusange ni icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa aluminiyumu. Ifuriya yayo yo mu nda ishyirwamo kugira ngo hirindwe ko hejuru y'amavuta haterwa n'amazi aturuka kuri moteri ya mazutu, ibyo bikaba byatuma imyanda y'amavuta igwa, kandi uruhande rufite icyuma gipima amavuta kugira ngo harebwe ingano y'amavuta. Byongeye kandi, igice cyo hasi cy'isafuriya y'amavuta gifite kandi icyuma gifunga amazi.
ubwoko bw'amazi
Imodoka nyinshi ku isoko ni amazi asukuye, impamvu yitwa amazi asukuye ni uko crankshaft crankshaft n'umutwe w'icyuma gihuza moteri bizashyirwa mu mavuta asukuye ya peteroli buri gihe cyo kuzenguruka kwa crankshaft, bikagira uruhare mu gusiga amavuta, kandi kubera imikorere y'umuvuduko mwinshi wa crankshaft, igihe cyose crankshaft yinjijwe mu kidendezi cy'amavuta ku muvuduko mwinshi, bizamura indabyo zimwe na zimwe z'amavuta n'igihu cy'amavuta. Gusiga amavuta ya crankshaft n'icyuma gihuza byitwa splash lubrication. Muri ubu buryo, uburebure bw'amavuta asukuye mu isafuriya y'amavuta bufite ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe, niba ari hasi cyane, crankshaft crankshaft n'umutwe w'icyuma gihuza ntibishobora gushyirwa mu mavuta asukuye, bigatuma habaho kubura amavuta asukuye n'icyuma gihuza n'icyuma gihuza n'icyuma gihuza; Iyo urwego rw'amavuta yo kwisiga ruri hejuru cyane, bizatuma ubwinshi bw'amavuta bugabanuka, bityo imbaraga zo kuzunguruka kw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ziyongera, kandi amaherezo bigatuma imikorere ya moteri igabanuka, mu gihe amavuta yo kwisiga yoroshye kwinjira mu cyumba cy'ubushyuhe bwa silindiri, bigatuma moteri itwika amavuta, ubwinshi bwa karuboni butera gushya n'ibindi bibazo.
Ubu buryo bwo gusiga amavuta ni bworoshye mu miterere kandi ntibusaba ikindi kigega cya lisansi, ariko uburyo ikinyabiziga gihengamye ntibushobora kuba bunini cyane, bitabaye ibyo byatera impanuka ya silindiri isha bitewe no gucika kwa peteroli no kuva kwa peteroli.
ubwoko bwumye
Amavuta yumye akoreshwa muri moteri nyinshi z'imodoka zisiganwa. Ntibika amavuta mu isafuriya y'amavuta, cyangwa se, nta safuriya y'amavuta ihari. Utu duce twimuka turi mu gikoresho cyo gupima amavuta dushyirwamo amavuta binyuze mu gukamura amavuta binyuze mu mwobo wo gupima. Kubera ko moteri y'isafuriya yumye ituma isafuriya y'amavuta ihagarika imikorere y'isafuriya yo kubika amavuta, uburebure bw'isafuriya y'amavuta yumye buragabanuka cyane, uburebure bwa moteri nabwo buragabanuka, kandi inyungu yo hagati y'uburemere bw'isi ifasha mu kugenzura. Inyungu nyamukuru ni ukwirinda ko isafuriya y'amavuta yumye iterwa no gutwara cyane n'ibindi bintu bibi byose.
Ariko, kubera ko igitutu cy'amavuta yo kwisiga gituruka kuri pompe y'amavuta. Ingufu za pompe y'amavuta zihuzwa na vitesi binyuze mu kuzunguruka kwa crankshaft. Nubwo muri moteri ifite amazi, pompe y'amavuta nayo irakenewe kugira ngo itange amavuta yo kwisiga kuri camshaft. Ariko uyu muvuduko ni muto cyane, kandi pompe y'amavuta isaba imbaraga nke cyane. Ariko, muri moteri zumutse, imbaraga z'uyu muvuduko zigomba kuba nyinshi cyane. Kandi ingano ya pompe y'amavuta ni nini cyane kuruta iya moteri ifite amazi. Kuri iyi nshuro rero pompe y'amavuta ikeneye imbaraga nyinshi. Ibi bimeze nka moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi, pompe y'amavuta ikeneye gukoresha igice cy'imbaraga za moteri. Cyane cyane ku muvuduko mwinshi, umuvuduko wa moteri uriyongera, imbaraga z'imigendere y'ibice bikururana ziyongera, kandi amavuta yo kwisiga nayo arakenewe, bityo pompe y'amavuta ikeneye gutanga igitutu kinini, kandi imbaraga za crankshaft ziyongera.
Birumvikana ko igishushanyo nk'iki kidakwiye moteri zisanzwe z'imodoka za gisivili, kuko kigomba gutakaza igice cy'ingufu za moteri, ibyo bikaba bitazagira ingaruka ku musaruro w'amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo binatuma ubukungu burushaho kuba bwiza. Bityo rero, imiyoboro yumye iboneka gusa kuri moteri zitwara imizigo myinshi cyangwa izikoresha ingufu nyinshi, nk'izikoreshwa mu gutwara cyane. Urugero, Lamborghini ni ugukoresha igishushanyo cy'isafuriya yumye, kugira ngo yongere umupaka w'ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta no kubona imbaraga nkeya ni ingenzi cyane, kandi gutakaza ingufu bishobora guturuka ku kongera kwimuka n'ibindi bintu, nk'uko bimeze ku bukungu, ni iki kimenyetso kidakwiye kwitabwaho.
Pompe ikoresha lisansi ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gutanga lisansi ya moteri ya mazutu. Imikorere yayo igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ngufu, ubukungu n'ubwizigirwa bwa moteri ya mazutu. Kubungabunga neza ni ngombwa kugira ngo pompe ikoresha lisansi ikore neza kandi yongere igihe cyo kuyikoresha. "Ibintu icumi" bikurikira bikwigisha uburyo bwo kubungabunga pompe ikoresha lisansi:
Ubwa mbere, kubungabunga neza ibikoresho bya pompe yo guterwamo inshinge.
Uruhande rw'ipompe, agakoresho ko gufunga, agakoresho ko guhumeka (icyuma gifunga amavuta), agakoresho ko gusukura amavuta, agakoresho ko gusukura amavuta, uruziga rw'amavuta, agakoresho ko gufunga ipompe y'amavuta, nibindi, kugira ngo ibyo bikoresho bibe bizima, bigira uruhare runini mu kazi ka pompe itera amavuta. Urugero, agakoresho ko ku ruhande gashobora gukumira kwinjira kw'umukungugu, amazi n'indi myanda, agakoresho ko guhumeka (gafite akayunguruzo) gashobora gukumira kwangirika kw'amavuta neza, kandi agakoresho ko gusukura amavuta gatuma sisitemu y'amavuta igira umuvuduko runaka utinjira mu mwuka. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukomeza kubungabunga ibi bikoresho, kandi ugasanga ibyangiritse cyangwa igihombo bigomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa ku gihe.
Icya kabiri, ni ngombwa kugenzura buri gihe niba ingano y'amavuta ari mu kigega cy'amavuta gikoreshwa mu gutera lisansi n'ubwiza bwayo byujuje ibisabwa.
Buri gihe mbere yo gutangira, icyuma gitanga mazutu kigomba kugenzura ingano y'amavuta ari mu ipompe ikoreshwa mu gutera amavuta n'ubwiza bwayo (usibye ipompe ikoreshwa mu gutera amavuta itegetswe gushyirwamo amavuta na moteri), kugira ngo harebwe ko ingano y'amavuta ihagije kandi ko ari nziza, niba amavuta yangiritse bitewe no kuvanga n'amazi cyangwa mazutu, urumuri ruzatuma ipompe ikoreshwa mu gutera amavuta n'ipompe ikoreshwa mu gutera amavuta byangirika hakiri kare, bigatuma moteri ya mazutu idakora neza kandi bikagorana kuyatangiza. Mu bihe bikomeye, bizatera ingese n'ingese ku ipompe ikoreshwa mu gutera amavuta n'ipompe ikoreshwa mu gutera amavuta. Bitewe n'amazi ava mu ipompe y'amavuta, imikorere mibi ya ipompe ikoreshwa mu gutera amavuta, kwangirika kw'agakoresho k'ipompe y'amavuta no kwangirika kw'impeta ifunga, amavuta ya mazutu azava mu ipompe y'amavuta maze agatonyanga amavuta, bityo agomba gusimburwa vuba bitewe n'ubwiza bw'amavuta, kandi ipompe y'amavuta igomba gusukurwa neza iyo isimbuwe, kandi imyanda nk'ibyondo biri hasi mu ipompe y'amavuta izakurwaho, bitabaye ibyo amavuta azangirika mu gihe gito. Ingano y'amavuta ntishobora kuba nyinshi cyangwa nke cyane, lisansi nyinshi muri governor, byoroshye gutuma moteri ya mazutu "iguruka", lisansi nke cyane zituma amavuta adakora neza, bigomba gushingira ku gikoresho cy'amavuta cyangwa ku gikoresho cy'amavuta. Byongeye kandi, iyo moteri ya mazutu idakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, menya neza ko hari amazi, mazutu n'indi myanda mu kidendezi cy'amavuta cya pompe y'amavuta, niba igiye gusimburwa ako kanya, bitabaye ibyo bitewe n'igihe kirekire kibikwa, amazi yoroshye gutuma plunger, ibice bya valve y'amavuta bihura n'ingese kandi bigapfa.
Icya gatatu, tugomba kugenzura buri gihe no guhindura ingano y'amavuta ya buri silindiri y'ipompo ikoresha.
Bitewe n'uko icyuma gihuza lisansi n'icyuma gihuza lisansi, amazi y'imbere ya mazutu azatuma amavuta ya buri cylinder agabanuka cyangwa adasa, bigatuma moteri ya mazutu igorana gutangira, ingufu nke, ubwiyongere bw'ikoreshwa rya lisansi, ndetse n'imikorere yayo idahindagurika. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kugenzura no guhindura buri gihe amavuta ya buri cylinder ya pompe ikoresha kugira ngo moteri ya mazutu igire imbaraga. Mu ikoreshwa nyaryo, ingano y'amavuta atangwa na buri cylinder ishobora kumenyekana hifashishijwe umwotsi uturuka mu cyuma gitanga lisansi, kumva ijwi rya moteri, no gukora ku bushyuhe bw'imyotsi ituruka mu kirere.
Icya kane, gukoresha imiyoboro isanzwe ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.
Pompe itera lisansi mu nzira yo gutanga amavuta, bitewe no gukomera kwa mazutu, uburyo imiyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, mazutu ifite umuvuduko mwinshi izahindura umuvuduko mu muyoboro, uburyo umuvuduko w’umuvuduko mu muyoboro bifata igihe runaka, kugira ngo harebwe ko igihe cy’umuvuduko w’amavuta muri silinda Inguni ihoraho, umuvuduko w’amavuta uhagaze neza, moteri ya mazutu ikora neza, uburebure n’umurambararo w’imiyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi bitoranywa nyuma yo kubara. Kubwibyo, iyo umuyoboro ufite umuvuduko mwinshi wa silinda wangiritse, umuyoboro ufite uburebure n’umurambararo bisanzwe ugomba gusimbuzwa. Mu ikoreshwa nyaryo, bitewe no kutagira imiyoboro isanzwe, koresha indi miyoboro aho gusuzuma niba uburebure bw’umuyoboro n’umurambararo w’umuyoboro ari bumwe, ku buryo uburebure bw’umuyoboro n’umurambararo w’umuyoboro bitandukanye cyane, nubwo ishobora gukoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa, ariko bizatuma habaho impinduka mu muvuduko w’umuyoboro n’ingano y’umuvuduko w’amavuta muri silinda mbere y’igihe, bigatuma mashini yose ikora nabi, bityo mu ikoreshwa hagomba gukoreshwa umuyoboro usanzwe ufite umuvuduko mwinshi.
Icya gatanu, kugenzura buri gihe uburyo valve ifunga.
Pompe yo guterwamo amavuta ikora igihe runaka, kandi urebye uko valve y'amavuta ihagaze, uburyo imashini ifunga n'uko imashini ikoresha amavuta ikora bishobora gupimwa neza, ibyo bikaba ari byo bituma hamenyekana uburyo bwo kuyisana no kuyitunganya. Mu gihe cyo kuyigenzura, kura umuyoboro w'amazi ufite umuvuduko mwinshi wa buri cylinder hanyuma ukoreshe pompe y'amavuta y'amavuta, kugira ngo habeho amazi asohoka mu muyoboro w'amazi hejuru ya pompe yo guterwamo amavuta, bigaragaza ko umuyoboro w'amazi udakora neza (birumvikana ko isoko y'amavuta yamenetse), nk'uko silinda nyinshi zidakora neza, ugomba gukemura ikibazo no kubungabunga pompe yo guterwamo amavuta hanyuma ugasimbuza iyo pompe.
Duhamagare niba ukeneye suibicuruzwa bya ch.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha ibice by'imodoka bya MG & MAUXS.
