Icyiciro cya modulator ni umuzenguruko aho icyiciro cyumuyoboro utwarwa nikimenyetso cyerekana.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa sine wave modulasiyo: modulisiyo itaziguye hamwe na modula itaziguye.Ihame ryo guhinduranya icyiciro kiziguye ni ugukoresha ikimenyetso cyo guhindura kugirango uhindure mu buryo butaziguye ibipimo bya resonant loop, kugirango ibimenyetso byabatwara binyuze muri resonant loop kugirango bibyare icyiciro kandi bigire icyiciro cyo guhindura icyiciro;Uburyo butaziguye bwo guhinduranya uburyo bwambere buhindura amplitude yumuvuduko wahinduwe, hanyuma igahindura amplitude ihinduka mukiciro cyo guhinduka, kugirango tugere ku cyiciro cyo guhindura.Ubu buryo bwakozwe na Armstrong mu 1933, bwitwa uburyo bwa Armstrong modulation
Icyuma cya microwave igenzurwa na elegitoronike ni umuyoboro wibyambu bibiri bikoreshwa mugutanga itandukaniro ryicyiciro hagati yibisohoka nibimenyetso byinjira bishobora kugenzurwa nikimenyetso cyo kugenzura (muri rusange DC bias voltage).Ingano yo guhinduranya icyiciro irashobora gutandukana ubudahwema hamwe nikimenyetso cyo kugenzura cyangwa ku gaciro kagenwe mbere.Byitwa analog icyiciro cyo guhinduranya hamwe na digitale yicyiciro.Icyiciro modulator ni binary icyiciro cya shift urufunguzo rwimikorere muri microwave itumanaho, ikoresha umurongo wa kwaduka uhoraho kugirango uhindure ibimenyetso byabatwara.Icyiciro cya Sine wave modulasiyo irashobora kugabanywa muburyo butaziguye no guhinduranya icyiciro kitaziguye.Ukoresheje isano iri hagati ya sine wave amplitude Angle ni intangarugero yumwanya uhita, imirongo ihindagurika irashobora guhinduka mubice byahinduwe (cyangwa ibinyuranye).Byakunze gukoreshwa cyane icyiciro cya moderi yumuzunguruko ni varactor diode icyiciro cya modulator.Inzira itaziguye yo guhinduranya iragoye kuruta icyiciro cya modulasiyo itaziguye.Ihame ryayo nuko inzira imwe yikimenyetso cyabatwara ihindurwa na 90 ° icyiciro cyimuka hanyuma ikinjira muburyo bwuzuye bwa amplitude-modulator kugirango ihagarike amplitude modulisiyo yabatwara.Nyuma yo kwitabwaho neza, ibimenyetso byabonetse byongewe kumurindi nzira yabatwara kugirango basohore ibimenyetso bya amplitude-modulation.Uyu muzunguruko urangwa no guhagarara kwinshi, ariko guhinduranya icyiciro ntigushobora kuba kinini cyane (muri rusange kiri munsi ya 15 °) cyangwa kugoreka bikomeye.Moderi yoroheje ikoreshwa kenshi muri FM yohereza amakuru.
