Turbocharger y'imodoka: Intwari yihishe n'amakosa ashobora kubaho kuri moteri y'amashanyarazi
Muri iki gihe cy’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu modoka, turbocharger yabaye ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere ya moteri. Ni nk'intwari iri inyuma y'ishusho, izana imikorere ikomeye kandi igabanya lisansi neza ku modoka. Ariko, iyi ntwari ifite ibihe "by'ubushyuhe". Amakosa atandukanye ashobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo isanzwe, bityo akagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imodoka.
Imikorere y'ingenzi ya turbocharger
Turbocharger mu by’ukuri ni compressor y’umwuka. Ikoresha imbaraga zituruka muri moteri mu buryo bw’ubuhanga kugira ngo itware turbine imbere mu gisenge. Hanyuma turbine itwara impeller ya coaxial, igakanda umwuka hanyuma ikawutera imbaraga mbere yo kohereza muri silindiri. Ubu buryo bwongera cyane ingano y’ingufu za moteri, bityo byongera imikorere myiza y’umuriro wa lisansi kandi bigatuma moteri isohora ingufu kugeza kuri 30% by’ingufu zituruka ku mwuka.
Ku bijyanye no kongera ingufu, ingaruka za turbocharger ziratangaje cyane. Urugero, imbaraga za moteri ya 1.8T turbocharger zishobora guhwana n'iza moteri ya 2.4L ifite umwuka karemano, mu gihe ikoreshwa rya lisansi ringana n'irya moteri ya 1.8L. Mu rwego rwo gusiganwa, turbocharger irabagirana cyane. Ituma moteri zifite aho zijya hato zibona imbaraga nyinshi, bigatuma zirushaho kuba nziza mu kibuga cy'isiganwa.
Uretse kongera ingufu, turbochargers zikora neza mu kugabanya lisansi no kurengera ibidukikije. Mu kunoza imikorere myiza y'ibicanwa, bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi, akenshi bikagabanya 3% kugeza kuri 5%. Muri icyo gihe, kunoza imikorere myiza y'ibicanwa bifasha kugabanya imyuka y'ibintu byangiza nk'uduce duto na okiside azote, bigafasha mu kurengera ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, turbochargers zifite imikorere yo kugabanya uburebure bwo hejuru, ishobora gutsinda igabanuka ry'imbaraga za moteri mu turere turi mu burebure bukabije bitewe n'umwuka muto.
Ibibazo bisanzwe n'ibisubizo bya turbochargers
Nubwo turbochargers zifite ibyiza bigaragara, zishobora no guhura n'ibibazo bitandukanye mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha igihe kirekire.
Ibibazo byo gusohoka kw'amavuta ni kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara. Niba amavuta akoreshwa cyane ariko ibara ry'umwotsi usohoka ari risanzwe kandi ingufu ntizigire ingaruka, birashoboka ko umuyoboro w'amavuta ujyamo cyangwa ugaruka wa turbocharger urimo kuva. Muri iki gihe, reba niba impeta yo gufunga nta kibazo ifite. Niba yangiritse, yisimbuze ako kanya. Niba amavuta akoreshwa cyane kandi umwotsi usohoka ukazana umwotsi w'ubururu ariko imbaraga ntizihinduke, birashoboka ko impeta yo gufunga iri ku mpera ya compressor yananiwe. Reba ubukana bw'umuyoboro w'amavuta ugaruka hanyuma ukore isuku. Niba amavuta akoreshwa cyane, umwotsi usohoka ukazana umwotsi w'ubururu cyangwa umukara, kandi ingufu zikagabanuka, bishobora kuba icyuho kiri hagati ya piston na silindiri ari kinini cyane, bigatuma amavuta yinjira mu cyumba cyo gutwika. Muri iki gihe, hakenewe igenzura ryimbitse rya moteri.
Amakosa yo gutakaza ingufu na yo ntagomba kwirengagizwa. Urugero, iyo turbocharger ya BMW 2 Series ikoze nabi, hashobora kubaho ikibazo cyo gutakaza ingufu. Impamvu zitera gutakaza ingufu ni nyinshi. Urugero, niba sisitemu yo kwinjiramo ifunze, kuziba kwa filter y'umwuka bizatuma umwuka udashobora kwinjiramo, bigatera ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe ya turbocharger. Muri iki gihe, sukura cyangwa usimbuze filter y'umwuka. Birashoboka kandi ko plate y'igipfundikizo cya valve idafunze neza, bigatuma umuvuduko usohoka. Gusimbuza plate y'igipfundikizo cya valve ya bypass bishobora gukemura ikibazo.
Amajwi yo gukururana kw'ibyuma, imyuka y'umwotsi w'umukara, no kugabanya ingufu nabyo bikwiye kwitabwaho. Iyo turbocharger ikoze amajwi yo gukururana kw'ibyuma, imyuka isohora umwotsi w'umukara, kandi ingufu zikagabanuka, bishobora kuba ko turbocharger rotor bearing cyangwa thrust bearing yashaje cyane, bigatuma impeller ikora ku gikoresho cya turbocharger. Muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibice bireba ferritation mu gihe. Nanone, iyo flap ifunguye kandi ikagongana, moteri izakora urusaku rwinshi mu gihe cyo gutangira gukonje, kandi agafunga ntikabe gakomeye. Kwihuta cyane bizatuma sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu inanirwa.
Hari n'igihe habaho amakosa mu kwangiza ibintu by'amahanga. Gufunga nabi umuyoboro w'amazi, aho injira idaca muri filter ngo yinjire mu cyuma gishyushya, cyangwa kudasimbuza filter y'umwuka uko bikenewe, bishobora gutuma ibintu by'amahanga byinjira muri turbocharger bikangiza igice cyo ku mpera cya compressor. Kwangirika kw'ibice biri muri silinda ya moteri ya mazutu, cyangwa ibintu by'amahanga byinjira mu cyuma gishyushya umwuka mu gihe cyo kubikora, bishobora kwangiza rotor cyangwa shaft yo gutwara, amaherezo bigatuma rotor icika cyangwa icika. Kugira ngo ugabanye ikibazo cya turbocharger, kuyikoresha neza buri munsi ni ingenzi cyane. Nyuma yo gutangira, igomba kumara iminota 3 idakora. Mu gihe cy'itumba, moteri igomba gushyuha nibura iminota 5 cyangwa irenga kugira ngo amavuta ya moteri ashobore gusya neza turbocharger. Nyuma yo gutwara ku muvuduko mwinshi cyangwa kuzamuka ahantu hahanamye, ntugahite uzimya moteri. Ahubwo, komeza kudakora nk'umunota 1 kugira ngo urebe ko amapine ya turbocharger yuzuye amavuta. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa gusimbuza amavuta ya moteri n'amavuta buri gihe. Koresha amavuta yo kwisiga n'ibintu byabugenewe byo kuyungurura kugira ngo wirinde amakosa aterwa n'amavuta yo kwisiga adasukuye cyangwa adahagije.
Mu gusoza, turbocharger ifite uruhare runini mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bw'imodoka. Gusobanukirwa imikorere yayo n'amakosa asanzwe, no kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuyikoresha no kuyibungabunga, bishobora gutuma ikomeza gutanga imbaraga zikomeye ku modoka kandi ikagenda neza mu rugendo.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
