Igurishwa mu buryo butaziguye rya SAIC MAXUS V80 C00014713 Piston Ring-92MM

Ubumenyi ku bicuruzwa

Impeta ya Piston ni impeta y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gushyira mu mwobo wa piston. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'impeta za piston: impeta yo gukanda n'impeta y'amavuta. Impeta yo gukanda ikoreshwa mu gufunga uruvange rushobora gushya mu cyumba cyo gutwika; impeta y'amavuta ikoreshwa mu gukurura amavuta arenze kuri silinda.

Impeta ya piston ni impeta y'icyuma ifite ubugari bunini bwo kwaguka inyuma, iteranyirizwa mu mwobo uhuza n'igice cy'umurambararo. Impeta za piston zisubiranamo kandi zizunguruka zishingira ku itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko wa gaze cyangwa amazi kugira ngo zikore agafunga hagati y'ubuso bw'inyuma bw'uruziga rw'impeta n'umuzingo n'uruhande rumwe rw'impeta n'umuyoboro w'impeta.

Impeta za piston zikoreshwa cyane mu mashini zitandukanye zikoresha ingufu, nka moteri zikoresha umwuka ushyushye, moteri za mazutu, moteri za lisansi, compressors, imashini zikoresha amazi, nibindi, kandi zikoreshwa cyane mu modoka, gari ya moshi, amato, ubwato, nibindi. Muri rusange, impeta ya piston ishyirwa mu mwobo w'impeta ya piston, kandi ikora icyumba gifite piston, liner ya silinda, umutwe wa silinda n'ibindi bice biyigize kugira ngo bikore akazi.

akamaro

Impeta ya piston ni igice cy'ingenzi kiri muri moteri ya lisansi, ikaba irangiza gufunga gaze ya lisansi hamwe na silinda, piston, urukuta rwa silinda, nibindi. Moteri zikoreshwa cyane ni moteri za mazutu na lisansi. Bitewe n'imikorere yazo itandukanye ya lisansi, impeta za piston nazo ziratandukanye. Impeta za piston za mbere zakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusuka, ariko bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, impeta za piston zikomeye zavutse. , kandi hamwe no kunoza imikorere ya moteri n'ibikenewe mu bidukikije, uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ubuso, nko gutera ubushyuhe, gukoresha electroplating, gukoresha chrome, gukoresha gaz nitriding, gushyiramo physical, gusiga hejuru, gukoresha zinc-manganese phosphating, nibindi, Imikorere ya piston iriyongera cyane.

Imikorere

Imirimo y'impeta ya piston irimo imirimo ine: gufunga, kugenzura amavuta (kugenzura amavuta), kuyobora ubushyuhe (kohereza ubushyuhe), no kuyobora (gushyigikira). Gufunga: bivuga gufunga gazi, kubuza gazi iri mu cyumba cyo gutwika kwinjira mu gikoni, kugenzura uko gazi isohoka ku rugero ruto, no kunoza imikorere y'ubushyuhe. Gusohoka k'umwuka ntibizagabanya gusa imbaraga za moteri, ahubwo bizanangiza amavuta, ari na yo nshingano nyamukuru y'impeta y'umwuka; Guhindura amavuta (kugenzura amavuta): gukuraho amavuta arenze ku rukuta rwa silinda, kandi icyarimwe bigatuma urukuta rwa silinda rugabanuka. Impeta yoroheje y'amavuta ituma silinda, piston n'impeta bitera amavuta asanzwe, ari na yo nshingano nyamukuru y'impeta y'amavuta. Muri moteri zigezweho zihuta cyane, hitabwa cyane ku ruhare rw'impeta ya piston mu kugenzura firime y'amavuta; gutwara ubushyuhe: ubushyuhe bwa piston bujyanwa ku gice cy'impeta cya silinda binyuze mu mpeta ya piston, ni ukuvuga gukonjesha. Dukurikije amakuru yizewe, 70-80% by'ubushyuhe bwakirwa n'agasongero ka piston muri piston idakonjeshwa bunyura mu mpeta ya piston bujya ku rukuta rwa silinda, naho 30-40% bya piston ikonjeshwa byoherezwa muri silinda binyuze mu mpeta ya piston. Inkunga: Impeta ya piston igumana piston muri silinda, ikabuza piston gukorana n'urukuta rwa silinda, ikarinda ko piston igenda neza, ikagabanya imbaraga zo gushwanyagurika, kandi ikabuza piston gukubita silinda. Muri rusange, piston ya moteri ya lisansi ikoresha impeta ebyiri z'umwuka n'impeta imwe y'amavuta, mu gihe moteri ya mazutu ikoresha impeta ebyiri z'amavuta n'impeta imwe y'umwuka. [2]

ibiranga

imbaraga

Imbaraga zikora ku mpeta ya piston zirimo umuvuduko wa gaze, imbaraga zo gukurura z'impeta ubwayo, imbaraga zitagira ingufu z'ingendo zisubirana z'impeta, ubukana hagati y'impeta na silindiri n'umuyoboro w'impeta, nibindi. Kubera izo mbaraga, impeta izatanga ingendo z'ibanze nko kugenda mu gice cy'inyuma, kugenda mu gice cy'inyuma, no kugenda mu gice cy'inyuma. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'imiterere yayo, hamwe n'ingendo zidasobanutse, impeta ya piston igaragara nta kabuza nk'ihagaze n'ihindagurika ry'impeta, kugenda mu gice cy'inyuma no guhindagurika, kugenda mu gice cy'inyuma, nibindi biterwa no kugenda mu gice cy'inyuma. Izi ngendo zidasobanutse akenshi zibuza impeta za piston gukora. Mu gushushanya impeta ya piston, ni ngombwa guha umwanya wose ingendo nziza no kugenzura uruhande rudasobanutse.

uburyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe

Ubushyuhe bwinshi buturuka ku gutwika bwoherezwa ku rukuta rwa silinda binyuze mu mpeta ya piston, bityo bushobora gukonjesha piston. Ubushyuhe bunyura ku rukuta rwa silinda binyuze mu mpeta ya piston muri rusange bushobora kugera kuri 30 kugeza kuri 40% by'ubushyuhe bwinjizwa n'inyuma ya piston.

gufunga umwuka

Inshingano ya mbere y'impeta ya piston ni ugufata neza hagati ya piston n'urukuta rwa silinda no kugenzura ko umwuka usohoka ku rugero ruto. Uru ruhare rukorwa ahanini n'impeta ya gaze, ni ukuvuga ko, mu gihe cyose moteri ikora, umwuka ufunze na gaze bigomba kugenzurwa ku rugero ruto kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe; gukumira ko amazi ava hagati ya silinda na piston cyangwa hagati ya silinda n'impeta. Gufata; gukumira ko amavuta yo kwisiga yangiritse, n'ibindi.

Kugenzura amavuta

Akamaro ka kabiri k'impeta ya piston ni ugukuramo neza amavuta yo kwisiga afatanye n'urukuta rwa silindiri no kugumana amavuta akoreshwa uko bisanzwe. Iyo amavuta yo kwisiga atanzwe ari menshi cyane, azashyirwa mu cyumba cyo gutwika, ibyo bikazongera ikoreshwa rya lisansi, kandi bikagira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere ya moteri bitewe n'imyanda ya karubone ikorwa n'ayo mavuta.

Gushyigikira

Kubera ko piston ari ntoya gato ugereranyije n'umurambararo w'imbere wa silinda, iyo nta mpeta ya piston ihari, piston iba idakomeye muri silinda kandi ntishobora kugenda neza. Muri icyo gihe, impeta inabuza piston gukorana na silinda kandi ikagira uruhare rwo kuyishyigikira. Bityo, impeta ya piston irazamuka ikanamanuka muri silinda, kandi ubuso bwayo bugenda butwarwa n'impeta.

Gushyira mu byiciro

Bikurikije imiterere

A. Imiterere ya Monolithic: binyuze mu nzira yo gushushanya cyangwa gushushanya ibintu byose.

b. Impeta ivanze: Impeta ya piston igizwe n'ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi bikusanyirijwe mu mwobo w'impeta.

c. Impeta y'amavuta ifite imigozi: impeta y'amavuta ifite impande zifatanye, ubutaka bubiri bufatanye n'imyobo igarura amavuta.

D. Impeta y'amavuta yo mu mpeta y'urukiramende ifite imigozi: shyiramo impeta y'amavuta yo mu mpeta y'urukiramende mu mpeta y'amavuta ifite imigozi. Impeta y'urukiramende ishobora kongera umuvuduko wihariye wa radial, kandi imbaraga zayo ku buso bw'imbere bw'urukiramende zirangana. Ikunze kuboneka mu mpeta za moteri ya mazutu.

E. Impeta y'amavuta ivanze n'umukandara w'icyuma: impeta y'amavuta igizwe n'impeta y'imbere n'impeta ebyiri zo gukurura. Imiterere y'impeta y'inyuma iratandukanye bitewe n'uwakoze kandi ikunze kuboneka mu mpeta za moteri ya lisansi.

Imiterere y'igice

Impeta y'indobo, impeta y'inyuma, impeta y'imbere ya chamfer, impeta y'inyuma n'impeta ya trapezoid, impeta y'izuru, impeta y'inyuma ya chamfer, impeta y'imbere ya chamfer, impeta y'amavuta avanze n'umukandara w'icyuma, impeta y'amavuta atandukanye ya chamfer, impeta imwe ya chamfer y'amavuta, impeta y'amavuta ya steel coil, impeta y'amavuta ya steel, n'ibindi.

Bikurikije ibikoresho

Icyuma gishongeshejwe, icyuma.

gutunganya ubuso

Impeta ya nitride: Ubukana bw'urwego rwa nitride buri hejuru ya 950HV, ubukana bw'ubushyuhe ni urwego rwa 1, kandi bufite ubushobozi bwo kudashira no kudashira. Impeta ya chrome: Uru rwego rwa chrome ni rwiza, ruto kandi rworoshye, rufite ubukana bwa 850HV, rufite ubushobozi bwo kudashira neza, kandi rufite urusobe rw'imiyoboro mito inyuramo, ituma amavuta akoreshwa mu gusiga abikwa neza. Impeta ya phosphate: Binyuze mu kuvura imiti, urwego rwa phosphoriting rukorwa ku buso bw'impeta ya piston, rugira ingaruka zo kurwanya ingese ku gicuruzwa kandi runatuma impeta itangira gukora neza. Impeta ya oxidation: Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubudashira bukomeye, icyuma cya oxidation gikorwa ku buso bw'icyuma, gifite ubushobozi bwo kudashira, kudashira no gusaza neza. Hariho PVD n'ibindi.

hakurikijwe imikorere

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'impeta za piston: impeta ya gaze n'impeta y'amavuta. Akamaro k'impeta ya gaze ni ukurinda ko hagati ya piston na silinda hafunga neza. Irinda gaze y'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi muri silinda kwinjira mu gikoresho kinini, kandi icyarimwe itwara ubushyuhe bwinshi kuva hejuru ya piston kugera ku rukuta rwa silinda, hanyuma amazi akonje cyangwa umwuka bikajyanwayo.

Impeta y'amavuta ikoreshwa mu gukurura amavuta arenze ku rukuta rwa silinda, no gusiga agapira k'amavuta kamwe ku rukuta rwa silinda, ibyo bikaba bitabuza amavuta kwinjira muri silinda no gushya gusa, ahubwo binagabanya kwangirika no kwangirika kwa piston, impeta ya piston na silinda. [1]

ikoreshwa

Ibimenyetso byiza cyangwa bibi

Ubuso bw'impeta ya piston ntibugomba kugira uduce duto, imishwanyagurike n'ibishishwa, ubuso bw'inyuma bw'umuzenguruko n'ubuso bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi bigomba kugira uburyo busobanutse, ihindagurika ry'impeta ntirigomba kurenza mm 0.02-0.04, kandi ingano isanzwe y'impeta mu mwobo ntigomba kurenza mm 0.15-0.25, uburebure n'ubugari bw'impeta ya piston byujuje amabwiriza. Byongeye kandi, urwego rw'urumuri rw'impeta ya piston narwo rugomba kugenzurwa, ni ukuvuga ko impeta ya piston igomba gushyirwa mu cyuma gifunganye, agace gato k'urumuri kagomba gushyirwa munsi y'impeta ya piston, kandi hagashyirwaho icyuma gipfuka igicucu, hanyuma hagakurikiraho icyuho cy'urumuri hagati y'impeta ya piston n'urukuta rwa cylinder. Ibi bigaragaza niba aho impeta ya piston n'urukuta rwa cylinder bihurira ari heza. Muri rusange, icyuho cy'urumuri rw'impeta ya piston ntigikwiye kurenza mm 0.03 iyo gipimwe hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubunini. Uburebure bw'urumuri rudashira ntirugomba kurenza 1/3 cy'umurambararo wa silindiri, uburebure bw'urumuri rwinshi rudashira ntirugomba kurenza 1/3 cy'umurambararo wa silindiri, kandi uburebure bwose bw'urumuri rwinshi rudashira ntirugomba kurenza 1/2 cy'umurambararo wa silindiri, bitabaye ibyo, rugomba gusimburwa.

amabwiriza yo gushyira ibimenyetso ku

Ikimenyetso cy'impeta ya piston GB/T 1149.1-94 kivuga ko impeta zose za piston zisaba icyerekezo cyo gushyiraho zigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso ku ruhande rwo hejuru, ni ukuvuga ku ruhande rwegereye icyumba cyo gutwika. Impeta zashyizweho ikimenyetso ku ruhande rwo hejuru zirimo: impeta y'inyuma, impeta y'imbere, impeta yo hanze yo gukata ameza, impeta y'izuru, impeta y'impeta n'impeta y'amavuta isaba icyerekezo cyo gushyiraho, kandi uruhande rwo hejuru rw'impeta rufite ikimenyetso.

Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda

Witondere igihe ushyiraho impeta za piston

1) Impeta ya piston ishyirwa mu gice cy'icyuma cy'ingufu, kandi hagomba kubaho icyuho runaka cyo gufungura aho ihurira.

2) Impeta ya piston igomba gushyirwa kuri piston, kandi mu mwobo w'impeta, hagomba kubaho umwanya runaka ku ruhande rw'uburebure.

3) Impeta ipfundikiye chrome igomba gushyirwa mu muyoboro wa mbere, kandi aho ifunguye ntihagomba kureba icyerekezo cy'aho umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uri hejuru ya piston uherereye.

4) Imyenge ya buri ruziga rwa piston irazunguzwa na dogere selisiyusi 120, kandi ntiyemerewe kureba umwobo w'urufunguzo rwa piston.

5) Ku mpeta za piston zifite igice gito, ubuso gito bugomba kuba hejuru mu gihe cyo gushyiraho.

6) Muri rusange, iyo impeta yo gutwika ishyizweho, chamfer cyangwa groove bigomba kuba hejuru; iyo impeta yo kurwanya gutwika ishyizwemo, komeza urebe hejuru.

7) Mu gushyiraho impeta ihujwe, hagomba gushyirwaho impeta y'uruziga, hanyuma hagashyirwaho impeta irambuye n'iy'uruziga. Hashyirwaho impeta irambuye hejuru no hepfo y'impeta irambuye, kandi imyobo ya buri mpeta igomba gutandukanywa.

Imikorere y'ibikoresho

1. Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda

2. Kubika amavuta

3. Ubukomere

4. Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi

5. Imbaraga

6. Kurwanya ubushyuhe

7. Gukomera

8. Kugabanya imikorere

Muri byo, ubushobozi bwo kudashira no kwangirika ni byo by'ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho by'impeta ya moteri ya mazutu ifite ingufu nyinshi birimo icyuma cy'umukara, icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, n'icyuma gikozwe muri grafiti.

Iteranya ry'inkoni ihuza pistoni

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guteranya itsinda ry'icyuma gihuza icyuma gikoresha lisansi (piston) ni izi zikurikira:

1. Agakoresho k'umuringa gashyirwamo inkoni ihuza. Mu gihe ushyiraho agakoresho k'umuringa k'inkoni ihuza, ni byiza gukoresha agakoresho gahuza cyangwa ka vise, kandi ntugakubite inyundo; umwobo w'amavuta cyangwa umuyoboro w'amavuta ku gakoresho k'umuringa bigomba kuba bihuye n'umwobo w'amavuta ku nkoni ihuza kugira ngo bibe byiza.

2. Huza piston n'inkoni ihuza. Mu gihe uteranya piston n'inkoni ihuza, witondere aho biherereye n'icyerekezo cyabyo.

Udupira dutatu twa piston twashyizwemo neza. Udupira twa piston n'umwobo w'icyuma bihuye neza. Mu gushyiramo, banza ushyire piston mu mazi cyangwa mu mavuta hanyuma ushyushye neza kugeza kuri 90°C ~ 100°C. Nyuma yo kuyikuramo, shyira inkoni yo gufatana mu mwanya ukwiye hagati y'umwobo w'icyuma cya piston, hanyuma ushyiremo agapira ka piston gatwikiriwe n'amavuta mu cyerekezo cyagenwe. Mu mwobo w'icyuma cya piston n'agapira k'umuringa gahuza inkoni.

Icya kane, gushyiraho impeta ya piston. Mu gihe ushyiraho impeta za piston, witondere aho buri mpeta iherereye n'uburyo iteye.

Icya gatanu, shyiramo itsinda ry'inkoni ihuza.