Ukuboko kuzunguruka mubisanzwe biherereye hagati yiziga numubiri, kandi nikintu cyumutekano kijyanye numushoferi wohereza imbaraga, agabanya imbaraga zo guhindagurika, kandi agenzura icyerekezo.
Ukuboko kuzunguruka mubisanzwe biherereye hagati yiziga numubiri, kandi nikintu cyumutekano kijyanye numushoferi wohereza imbaraga, agabanya ihindagurika, kandi agenzura icyerekezo. Iyi ngingo itangiza igishushanyo mbonera rusange cyamaboko ya swing ku isoko, ikagereranya ikanasesengura ingaruka zinzego zitandukanye kubikorwa, ubwiza nigiciro.
Guhagarika imodoka ya chassis bigabanijwemo kugabanywa imbere no guhagarikwa inyuma. Ihagarikwa ryimbere ninyuma rifite amaboko azunguruka kugirango ahuze ibiziga numubiri. Amaboko azunguruka ubusanzwe aba hagati yibiziga n'umubiri.
Uruhare rwabayobora swing ukuboko nuguhuza uruziga nurwego, kohereza imbaraga, kugabanya ihindagurika, no kugenzura icyerekezo. Nibigize umutekano birimo umushoferi. Hariho imbaraga zohereza ibice byubaka muri sisitemu yo guhagarika, kuburyo ibiziga bigenda ugereranije numubiri ukurikije inzira runaka. Ibice byubaka byohereza umutwaro, kandi sisitemu yose yo guhagarika ifite imikorere yimodoka.
Imikorere isanzwe nuburyo bwimiterere yimodoka swing ukuboko
1. Kugira ngo wuzuze ibisabwa byo kwimura imizigo, gushushanya amaboko yuburyo bwa tekinoroji
Imodoka nyinshi zigezweho zikoresha sisitemu yo guhagarika. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwuburyo, sisitemu yo guhagarika yigenga irashobora kugabanywa mubwoko bwa wishbone, ubwoko bwamaboko bukurikirana, ubwoko bwinshi-buhuza, ubwoko bwa buji nubwoko bwa McPherson. Ukuboko kwambukiranya ukuboko gukurikira ni imbaraga-ebyiri zubaka ukuboko kumwe mumirongo myinshi, hamwe nibintu bibiri bihuza. Inkoni ebyiri zingufu ziteranijwe kumurongo rusange ku mpande runaka, kandi imirongo ihuza ingingo ihuza ibice bigize inyabutatu. Ukuboko kwimbere kwa MacPherson imbere ni ukuboko kwingingo eshatu zo guhinduranya hamwe ningingo eshatu zihuza. Umurongo uhuza ingingo eshatu zihuza ni imiterere ya mpandeshatu ihamye ishobora kwihanganira imizigo mubyerekezo byinshi.
Imiterere yimbaraga ebyiri zingufu ziroroshye ziroroshye, kandi igishushanyo mbonera gikunze kugenwa ukurikije ubuhanga butandukanye bwumwuga no gutunganya neza buri kigo. Kurugero, urupapuro rwerekana kashe yerekana (reba Ishusho 1), igishushanyo mbonera ni isahani imwe yicyuma idafite gusudira, kandi umwobo wubatswe ahanini uri muburyo bwa "I"; urupapuro rw'icyuma rusudira (reba Ishusho 2), igishushanyo mbonera ni icyuma gisudira, kandi umwobo wubatswe ni mwinshi Ni muburyo bwa "口"; cyangwa ibyapa byongera imbaraga byifashishwa mu gusudira no gushimangira imyanya iteje akaga; imashini itunganya imashini itunganya ibyuma, imyubakire yububiko irakomeye, kandi imiterere ihindurwa cyane ukurikije ibisabwa bya chassis; imashini itunganya imashini ya aluminiyumu (reba Ishusho ya 3), imiterere Umuyoboro urakomeye, kandi ibisabwa bisabwa bisa no guhimba ibyuma; ibyuma byumuyoboro wibyuma biroroshye muburyo, kandi imyubakire yububiko irazenguruka.
Imiterere yukuboko kwingingo zingingo eshatu ziragoye, kandi igishushanyo mbonera gikunze kugenwa ukurikije ibisabwa na OEM. Mu isesengura ryikigereranyo, ukuboko kuzunguruka ntigushobora kubangamira ibindi bice, kandi ibyinshi bifite intera ntoya isabwa. Kurugero, urupapuro rwerekana kashe yerekana ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mugihe kimwe nicyuma cyo gusudira ibyuma, ibyuma bya sensor harness cyangwa umurongo wa stabilisateur uhuza inkoni ihuza inkoni, nibindi bizahindura imiterere yuburyo bwikiganza; umwobo wubatswe uracyari muburyo bwa "umunwa", kandi umwobo wamaboko uzunguruka uzaba ufunze ni byiza kuruta imiterere idafunze. Guhimba imashini ikozwe, imyubakire yububiko ahanini ni "I", ifite imiterere gakondo iranga torsion no kunama; guteramo imashini ikozwe, imiterere nububiko bwubatswe ahanini bifite ibikoresho byimbavu byongera imbaraga hamwe nu mwobo ugabanya ibiro ukurikije ibiranga casting; gusudira ibyuma byo gusudira Imiterere ihuriweho hamwe no guhimba, kubera imiterere yimiterere yimiterere ya chassis yimodoka, guhuza umupira bihuzwa muguhimba, kandi guhimba bihujwe nicyuma; imiterere yimashini ya aluminiyumu itanga ibikoresho byiza byo gukoresha no gutanga umusaruro kuruta guhimba, kandi ifite Iruta imbaraga zifatika za casting, aribwo buryo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya.
2. Kugabanya ihererekanyabubasha ryinyeganyeza mumubiri, nigishushanyo mbonera cyibintu bya elastike aho bihurira ukuboko kwizunguruka
Kubera ko hejuru yumuhanda imodoka igenderamo idashobora kuba igororotse rwose, imbaraga za vertical reaction yubuso bwumuhanda ikora kumuziga akenshi bigira ingaruka, cyane cyane iyo utwaye umuvuduko mwinshi hejuru yumuhanda mubi, izo mbaraga nazo zitera umushoferi kumva utamerewe neza. , ibintu bya elastike byashyizwe muri sisitemu yo guhagarika, kandi ihuza rikomeye rihinduka muburyo bworoshye. Nyuma yikintu cya elastike kimaze kugira ingaruka, kibyara kunyeganyega, kandi guhindagurika guhoraho bituma umushoferi yumva atamerewe neza, sisitemu yo guhagarika rero ikenera ibintu byo kumanura kugirango igabanye amplitude yihuta.
Guhuza ingingo muburyo bwuburyo bwikiganza cya swing ni ibintu byoroshye guhuza no guhuza umupira. Ibintu bya elastike bitanga kunyeganyega hamwe numubare muto wurwego rwo kuzenguruka no kunyeganyega. Rubber bushing ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya elastike mumodoka, kandi hydraulic bushing na hinges nazo zirakoreshwa.
Igishushanyo 2 Urupapuro rwicyuma cyo gusudira ukuboko
Imiterere ya rubber bushing ahanini ni umuyoboro wibyuma hamwe na reberi hanze, cyangwa sandwich yububiko bwicyuma-rubber-ibyuma. Umuyoboro w'icyuma w'imbere usaba imbaraga zo guhangana nigipimo cya diameter, kandi ser-anti-skid irasanzwe kumpande zombi. Igikoresho cya reberi gihindura formulaire yimiterere nuburyo bwo gushushanya ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye.
Impeta y'icyuma yo hanze ikunze kugira icyerekezo-gisabwa, gifasha gukanda.
Hydraulic bushing ifite imiterere igoye, kandi nigicuruzwa gifite inzira igoye kandi yongerewe agaciro murwego rwo hejuru. Muri reberi hari akavuyo, kandi muri peteroli hari amavuta. Igishushanyo mbonera cyimyanya ikorwa ukurikije ibisabwa bya bushing. Niba amavuta yamenetse, ibihuru byangiritse. Hydraulic bushings irashobora gutanga umurongo mwiza wo gukomera, bigira ingaruka kumodoka muri rusange.
Umusaraba hinge ufite imiterere igoye kandi ni igice kigizwe na reberi hamwe nudupira. Irashobora gutanga uburebure burambye kuruta bushing, swing angle and rotation angle, special stiffness curve, kandi yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mumodoka yose. Impeta yangiritse yangiritse izabyara urusaku mu kabari igihe ikinyabiziga kigenda.
3. Hamwe no kugenda kwiziga, igishushanyo mbonera cyibintu bya swing kumwanya uhuza ukuboko kwizunguruka
Ubuso bwumuhanda butaringaniye butuma ibiziga bisimbuka hejuru bikamanuka ugereranije numubiri (ikadiri), kandi mugihe kimwe ibiziga bigenda, nko guhindukira, kugenda neza, nibindi, bisaba inzira yinziga kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa bimwe. Ukuboko kuzunguruka hamwe nisi yose ihuzwa ahanini nu mupira.
Umupira wamaboko uzunguruka urashobora gutanga inguni irenze ± 18 °, kandi irashobora gutanga inguni ya 360 °. Yujuje byuzuye ibizunguruka n'ibisabwa kuyobora. Kandi imipira yumupira yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byimyaka 2 cyangwa 60.000 km na 3 ans cyangwa 80.000 km kubinyabiziga byose.
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza hagati yukuboko kwizunguruka nu mupira wamaguru (guhuza umupira), birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwa bolt cyangwa rivet, umupira wumupira ufite flange; gukanda-guhuza interineti ihuza, umupira wumupira ntabwo ufite flange; byahujwe, ukuboko kuzunguruka n'umupira hinge Byose muri kimwe. Ku rupapuro rumwe rw'icyuma cyubatswe hamwe n'amabati menshi yo gusudira imiterere, ubwoko bubiri bwihuza bukoreshwa cyane; ubwoko bwa nyuma bwo guhuza nkibyuma, ibyuma bya aluminiyumu hamwe nicyuma gikoreshwa cyane.
Umupira uhuza umupira ugomba gukenera kwihanganira kwambara munsi yumutwaro, kubera impande nini zakazi kuruta ibihuru, ubuzima bukenewe cyane. Kubwibyo, umupira wamaguru urasabwa gushushanywa nkuburyo bwahujwe, harimo gusiga amavuta meza ya swing hamwe n’umukungugu ndetse na sisitemu yo gusiga amazi.
Igishushanyo cya 3 Aluminium yahimbye ukuboko
Ingaruka zo gushushanya amaboko ku bwiza no ku giciro
1. Ikintu cyiza: urumuri rwiza
Inshuro karemano yumubiri (izwi kandi nka vibrasi yubusa ya sisitemu yo kunyeganyega yubusa) igenwa nubukomere bwihagarikwa hamwe na misa ishyigikiwe nisoko yo guhagarikwa (misa ya sprung) nikimwe mubimenyetso byingenzi byerekana imikorere ya sisitemu ihagarika bigira ingaruka kuri kugendesha imodoka. Umuvuduko uhindagurika ukoreshwa n'umubiri w'umuntu ni inshuro z'umubiri uzamuka hejuru no mu gihe cyo kugenda, ni nka 1-1.6Hz. Umubiri usanzwe wumubiri ugomba kuba wegereye bishoboka kuriyi ntera. Iyo gukomera kwa sisitemu yo guhora ihoraho, ntoya ya misa yamenetse, ntoya ihindagurika rya vertical de verisiyo yo guhagarikwa, kandi ninshi murwego rusanzwe.
Iyo umutwaro uhagaze uhoraho, ntoya yo guhagarara gukomeye, kugabanuka inshuro karemano yimodoka, nubunini umwanya ukenewe kugirango uruziga rusimbuke hejuru.
Iyo imiterere yumuhanda n'umuvuduko wibinyabiziga ari bimwe, ntoya ya misa idacuramye, niko umutwaro uremereye kuri sisitemu yo guhagarika. Imbaga idacuramye irimo misa yibiziga, kwisi yose hamwe nuyobora amaboko, nibindi.
Muri rusange, ukuboko kwa aluminium ya swing ifite misa yoroshye kandi ukuboko kwicyuma gikozwe mucyuma bifite misa nini. Abandi bari hagati.
Kubera ko imbaga yintwaro yintoki ahanini itarenza ibiro 10, ugereranije n imodoka ifite uburemere burenga 1000 kg, ubwinshi bwikiganza cya swing ntacyo bugira kumikoreshereze ya lisansi.
2. Ibiciro: biterwa na gahunda yo gushushanya
Ibisabwa byinshi, nigiciro kinini. Hashingiwe ko imbaraga zubaka hamwe nubukomezi bwikiganza cya swing byujuje ibisabwa, ibisabwa kwihanganira inganda, ingorane zogukora, ubwoko bwibintu no kuboneka, hamwe nibisabwa kwangirika hejuru byose bigira ingaruka kubiciro. Kurugero, ibintu birwanya ruswa: gutwika amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, binyuze mumashanyarazi hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura, birashobora kugera kuri 144h; kurinda hejuru bigabanijwemo cathodic electrophoretic irangi irangi, ishobora kugera kuri 240h irwanya ruswa binyuze muguhindura umubyimba wuburyo nuburyo bwo kuvura; zinc-fer Cyangwa zinc-nikel, ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo kurwanya ruswa irenga 500h. Mugihe ibizamini bya ruswa byiyongera, niko ikiguzi cyigice cyiyongera.
Igiciro kirashobora kugabanuka ugereranije igishushanyo mbonera na gahunda yimiterere yukuboko kwa swing.
Nkuko twese tubizi, gahunda zitandukanye zingingo zitanga imikorere itandukanye yo gutwara. By'umwihariko, hakwiye kwerekanwa ko ingingo imwe igoye hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza bishobora gutanga ibiciro bitandukanye.
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwo guhuza ibice byubatswe hamwe nudupira twumupira: guhuza binyuze mubice bisanzwe (bolts, nuts cyangwa rivets), kwivanga guhuza no kwishyira hamwe. Ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza, guhuza guhuza guhuza imiterere bigabanya ubwoko bwibice, nka bolts, nuts, rivets nibindi bice. Igizwe nigice kimwe kuruta guhuza guhuza imiterere igabanya umubare wibice byumupira uhuriweho hamwe.
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo guhuza hagati yumunyamuryango wububiko nibintu bya elastike: ibice byimbere ninyuma birasa kandi birasa na perpendicular. Uburyo butandukanye bugena inzira zitandukanye zo guterana. Kurugero, gukanda icyerekezo cya bushing kiri mubyerekezo kimwe kandi perpendicular kumubiri wintoki. Sitasiyo imwe-imitwe ibiri irashobora gukoreshwa mugukanda-guhuza imbere ninyuma icyarimwe, bikiza abakozi, ibikoresho nigihe; Niba icyerekezo cyo kwishyiriraho kidahuye (vertical), sitasiyo imwe-imwe-imitwe ibiri irashobora gukoreshwa mugukanda no gushiraho ibihuru bikurikiranye, bizigama abakozi nibikoresho; mugihe igihuru cyagenewe gukanda imbere, hasabwa sitasiyo ebyiri na kanda ebyiri, bikurikiranye bikanda-bihuru.
