Ni iki gishingirwaho mu gushyushya imodoka?
Ishingiro ry'aho imodoka isharira ubusanzwe ryerekeza ku mwanya wo gushyiraho cyangwa imiterere y'aho imodoka isharira cyangwa soketi isharira ikorera ku modoka nshya ikoresha ingufu. Niho imbunda isharira ishyirwa kandi igakoreshwa mu kwimura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva ku isoko y'amashanyarazi yo hanze (ikirundo cyo gusharira) zijya kuri bateri y'imodoka kugira ngo zisharire. Iyi "shingiro" ni igice cy'imiterere y'imodoka ikoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mu guhuza imbunda isharira no gusana aho sharira ihagarara, aho kuba ikirundo cyo gusharira ubwacyo.
Ibisobanuro
Gusharija urugi ruto (aho gusharija): Ni igice kiri ku mubiri w'imodoka gikoreshwa mu gupfuka no kurinda aho gusharija. Gishobora gufungurwa no gufungwa n'intoki cyangwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi kugira ngo byorohereze gushyiramo imbunda yo gusharija.
Isoketi yo gushyushya: Iyi "base" ikunze kuvuga isoketi ubwayo, ari nayo gice cyakira imbunda yo gushyushya.
Imbunda yo gusharija: Iki ni igikoresho gihuza kuva ku mpera y'ikirundo cyo gusharija kugera ku gice cyo gusharija cy'imodoka, gishinzwe kohereza ingufu kuri batiri y'imodoka.
Muri make, iyo uvuze "aho gushyurira amashanyarazi" ushobora kumva ko ari imiterere idahinduka ku mubiri w'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi irimo agasanduku ko gusharija kandi ikoreshwa mu gufunga no gukuramo imbunda yo gusharija.
Ishingiro ry'aho imodoka isharira, mu buryo bufunze, ryerekeza ku gice kiri ku modoka gikoreshwa mu gusana no guhuza aho isharira. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gusharira kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu bijyanye n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ni nk'aho imodoka ihurira n'isoko y'amashanyarazi yo hanze, bigatuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva mu gikoresho cyo gusharira zijya mu bateri y'imodoka zigenda neza kandi mu mutekano.
Mu bijyanye n'imiterere n'imiterere, ishingiro ry'aho gushyushya ubusanzwe rikorwa mu bikoresho bikomeye bya pulasitiki cyangwa ibyuma kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika, ingaruka no kwangirika biva mu bidukikije karemano mu gihe cyo gukoreshwa buri munsi. Imiterere n'ingano byayo byakozwe neza hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye y'ibinyabiziga n'amahame ngenderwaho yo gushyushya. Urugero, mu ishingiro ry'aho gushyushya risanzwe ry'igihugu, ishingiro ry'aho gushyushya rya AC rikunze gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibinyabiziga 7, mu gihe ishingiro ry'aho gushyushya rya DC rirushaho kuba rigoye kandi risobanutse neza, hamwe n'umubare n'imiterere y'ibyo byobo byitabwaho neza. Ibyo byobo bihuye n'imikorere itandukanye, nko kohereza ingufu nziza n'imbi, kohereza ibimenyetso, nibindi, bigamije gukora neza kw'imirimo yose mu gihe cyo gushyushya. Kuri zimwe muri moderi zikomeye, ishingiro ry'aho gushyushya rinafite ibikoresho bigezweho bidashobora kuvumbirwa n'umukungugu, bidashobora amazi no gufunga kugira ngo harebwe ko ishingiro ry'aho gushyushya rishobora gukora neza mu bidukikije bitandukanye bikomeye kandi birinde imiyoboro migufi n'ibindi bibazo biterwa n'umukungugu cyangwa ubushuhe.
Ukurikije imiterere y'imikorere, inshingano y'ibanze y'aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa ni uguhuza amashanyarazi. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko amashanyarazi ahuza insinga yo gusharija n'imodoka ahamye kandi yizewe, kandi akaba ashobora kwihanganira kohereza amazi menshi. Fata urugero rw'aho amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu rugo. Muri rusange, umuriro wabo wo gusharija uba hagati ya 10A na 32A, mu gihe umuriro w'aho amashanyarazi yihuta ushobora kugera kuri 100A cyangwa hejuru yayo. Ishingiro ry'aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa rigomba kuba rifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda, kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'ingufu no kunoza imikorere yo gusharija mu gihe cyo gusharija. Muri icyo gihe, rinafite inshingano zikomeye zo kohereza ibimenyetso. Mu gihe cyo gusharija, hakenewe imikoranire y'amakuru mu gihe nyacyo hagati y'aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa n'imodoka, nko kohereza amakuru nko kohereza amashanyarazi, ingufu za bateri, voltage yo gusharija n'amashanyarazi. Umurongo wo kohereza ibimenyetso mu gice cyo gusharija ushobora kohereza neza aya makuru, bigatuma imodoka n'aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa hamwe kandi bigakomeza umutekano no gushimangira ko amashanyarazi ahoraho. Iyo bateri igiye gusharijwa yuzuye, imodoka izohereza ikimenyetso ku gikoresho cyo gusharija binyuze mu gice cyo gusharija. Nyuma yo kwakira ikimenyetso, igikoresho cyo gusharija kizihindura mu buryo bwikora umuvuduko wo gusharija hanyuma kinjire mu cyiciro cyo gusharija gito kugira ngo kirinde bateri.
Mu gikorwa cyo gukora imodoka, aho imashini ishyiraho icyuma gishyushya imodoka nacyo ni umwihariko cyane. Imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi zishushanya icyuma gishyushya imodoka imbere, ku ruhande cyangwa inyuma y'imodoka. Ifite icyuma gishyushya imodoka imbere, inyungu yayo iri mu koroshya icyuma gishyushya imodoka mu cyerekezo cy'imbere y'imodoka, kandi gitandukanye n'aho imashini ikoresha lisansi isanzwe ikoresha, bigatuma ikora ikimenyetso cyihariye. Gushyiraho ku ruhande biroroha cyane iyo uparika imodoka cyangwa ucana imodoka, cyane cyane mu bibanza bimwe na bimwe bifite umwanya muto. Imiterere y'icyuma gishyirirwa inyuma igaragara nabi, bigatuma imiterere rusange y'imodoka yoroha kandi irushaho kuba myiza. Imiterere y'imodoka ahantu hatandukanye yibanda ku bintu byinshi nko imiterere rusange y'imodoka, imiterere y'ikirere, n'uburyo umukoresha akoresha akoresha amoteri.
Ukurikije iterambere ry’inganda, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu, ikigo cy’imodoka gikoresha ingufu nacyo gihora gihinduka. Ku ruhande rumwe, kwiyongera k’umuvuduko wo gushyushya bishyira ibyifuzo byinshi ku kigo cy’imodoka gikoresha ingufu. Kugira ngo umuvuduko wo gushyushya wihute, nk’intego ikunzwe cyane muri iki gihe yo "gushyushya iminota 10 no gutanga kilometero amagana z’ubuzima bwa bateri", ikigo cy’imodoka gikoresha ingufu kigomba kuba gishobora kwihanganira ingufu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi menshi. Ibi byatumye abakora imodoka bategura ibikoresho bishya n’imiterere kugira ngo bahaze ibyifuzo byo gushyushya amashanyarazi menshi. Ku rundi ruhande, guhuza ikigo cy’imodoka gikoresha ingufu nabyo byarushijeho kuba ingenzi. Muri iki gihe, hari amahame atandukanye yo gushyushya ku isoko, harimo amahame y’igihugu, amahame y’i Burayi, amahame y’Abanyamerika, n’ibindi. Kugira ngo abakoresha bashyushye amashanyarazi ku moko atandukanye y’imodoka mu turere dutandukanye, bamwe mu bakora imodoka batangiye gushakisha iterambere ry’ibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi bifite imikorere ijyanye n’imiterere myinshi, cyangwa bakagera ku buryo buhuye binyuze mu guhuza ibikoresho byo hanze. Muri ubu buryo, aho ba nyir'imodoka bari hose, bashobora kubona byoroshye ibyuma byo gushyushya amashanyarazi byo gushyushya amashanyarazi ku modoka zabo.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
