Sisitemu yo gufata feri irwanya gufunga (ABS)
ABS ni tekinoroji yateye imbere ishingiye ku gikoresho gisanzwe cya feri, kandi ni ubwoko bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga bifite ibyiza byo kurwanya skid na anti-lock. Feri irwanya gufunga mubyukuri ni ubwoko bwa feri busanzwe bwongerewe cyangwa bunoze.
Sisitemu yo gufata feri yo kurwanya feri yashizweho kugirango irinde gufunga feri no kunyerera mu gihe feri igoye cyangwa hejuru y’ahantu hatose cyangwa kunyerera, ibyo bikaba byongera umutekano muke kubinyabiziga bya buri munsi birinda ikinyabiziga kunyerera kandi bikemerera umushoferi gukomeza kuyobora. mugihe ugerageza guhagarara. ABS ntabwo ifite imikorere ya feri gusa ya sisitemu isanzwe yo gufata feri, ariko kandi irashobora gukumira gufunga ibiziga, kugirango imodoka ikomeze guhindukira munsi ya feri, byemeze neza icyerekezo cya feri yimodoka, kandi irinde kuruhande no gutandukana, nibyinshi igikoresho cyambere cyo gufata feri kumodoka hamwe ningaruka nziza yo gufata feri.
Sisitemu yo gufata feri irwanya gufunga ni ukurinda uruziga gufunga inzira ya feri, bishobora gutera: imbaraga zo gufata feri kumuhanda ziragabanuka kandi imikorere ya feri iragabanuka; Mugabanye ubuzima bwa serivisi yipine, mugihe imodoka ifashe feri yimbere, imodoka izabura ubushobozi bwo kuyobora, imbaraga zuruhande ziragabanuka mugihe uruziga rwinyuma rufunze, icyerekezo cya feri kigabanutse, bizatera imodoka guhindukira bikabije no guta umurizo cyangwa kuruhande. Ingaruka za feri yo kurwanya feri kumikorere yimodoka igaragarira cyane cyane mukugabanya intera ya feri, kugumana ubushobozi bwo kuyobora, kunoza icyerekezo cyogutwara no kugabanya ipine. Mugihe habaye ikibazo cyihutirwa, umushoferi akeneye gusa gukanda pederi ya feri uko bishoboka kose kandi ntayirekure, nibindi bintu bigakorwa na ABS, kugirango umushoferi ashobora kwibanda mugukemura ibibazo byihutirwa no kurinda umutekano wa imodoka.
Amagambo ahinnye ya feri yo kurwanya feri ni ABS, kandi izina ryuzuye ryicyongereza ni anti-lock Brakingsystem, cyangwa Anti-skidBrakingSystem. Mbere ya byose, "gufata" bivuga icyuma cya feri (cyangwa inkweto) hamwe na disiki ya feri (ingoma ya feri) nta guterana kunyerera ugereranije, ubushyuhe bwo guterana amagambo iyo feri, ingufu za kinetic mumashanyarazi, hanyuma amaherezo ikareka imodoka igahagarara cyangwa gutinda; Icya kabiri, gufunga uruziga mubyukuri bivuga imodoka muri feri yihutirwa, uruziga ruhagaze rwose kandi ntiruzunguruka, bivuga imodoka mugikorwa cya feri rimwe, ipine ntikizunguruka, iyo imodoka ifashe, imodoka izaha uruziga imbaraga zituma rushobora guhagarara, kugirango uruziga rudashobora gukomeza kuzunguruka, ariko uruziga rufite inertia runaka, nyuma yuko uruziga rumaze guhagarika kuzunguruka, Bizakomeza kunyerera imbere intera ndende mbere yuko amaherezo biza guhagarara byuzuye. Niba ibiziga byimbere ninyuma byimodoka bitari kumurongo umwe ugororotse, kubera inertia, ibiziga byimbere ninyuma bizanyerera bigana kuruhande rwabo. Ukurikije ikizamini cyo gufata feri ntarengwa, ipine ntishobora gutanga impande zombi mugihe feri yumurongo yuzuye, kandi imodoka bizagorana kurangiza kugenzura impande zose. Muri ubu buryo, ibiziga by'imbere n'inyuma bizagenda mu byerekezo bibiri bitandukanye kandi imodoka izaba ifite yaw (spin) idashobora kugenzurwa, kandi imodoka izajugunya umurizo. Muri iki gihe, ibinyabiziga byimodoka ntacyo bigira, imodoka izabura rwose kuyobora, niba ibintu bikomeye cyane, birashoboka ko yahindura imodoka, bigatera impanuka zo mumuhanda nibindi byago.
Niba feri ifunze burundu, ihinduka ryingufu rishobora guterwa gusa no guterana hagati yipine nubutaka. Ubuvanganzo bugabanyijemo amoko abiri: guterana kuzunguruka no kunyerera kunyerera, coefficient de fraisse biterwa ningaruka zubushyuhe bwumuhanda wumye, mugihe uruziga rwa feri nubutaka bwubutaka bizagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, binini kugeza aho bigoye nyuma yuko bizahinduka bivuye kumuzingo bijya kunyerera . Imbaraga zo kunyerera zizagenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro, bityo ABS nugukoresha ihame ryu murongo wo guterana kugirango ukosore imbaraga zo guteranya uruziga kuriyi mpinga, kugirango ugabanye intera ya feri. Ubuvanganzo bukabije butuma reberi yipine ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, gutembera kwaho hejuru yubusabane, kugabanya intera ya feri, ariko impande zombi zizihutisha kwambara.
Sisitemu yo gufata feri yo kurwanya (ABS) nimwe mubintu byubushakashatsi bwibinyabiziga birebire bigenzura. Feri yo kurwanya gufunga, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ni ukubuza imodoka gufata feri rimwe, ukoresheje feri rimwe na rimwe. Bivuga guhinduranya byikora kuri feri ya feri (imbaraga zo gufata feri) ikora kumuziga mugihe cya feri kugirango irinde uruziga gufunga mugihe itara rya feri ari rinini; Mugihe kimwe, sisitemu igezweho ya ABS irashobora kugena igipimo cyo kunyerera cyiziga mugihe nyacyo, kandi igakomeza igipimo cyinyerera cyiziga muri feri hafi yagaciro keza. Kubwibyo, mugihe sisitemu ya ABS ikora, umushoferi ntazabura kuyobora kuyobora ikinyabiziga kubera gufunga ibiziga byimbere, kandi intera yo gufata feri yimodoka izaba ntoya kuruta gufunga ibiziga, kugirango bigerweho neza. no kugabanya imbaraga zingaruka mugihe impanuka ibaye.
