Ibice by'itsinda rya moteri ya crankshaft flywheel
Ubwa mbere, crankshaft
Crankshaft ni kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi bya moteri, inshingano yayo ni ukwihanganira umuvuduko wa gaze uva mu itsinda ry'icyuma gihuza piston ujya mu muvuduko wa crankshaft n'umuvuduko wo hanze, byongeye kandi, crankshaft ikoreshwa mu kuyobora uburyo bwa valve ya moteri n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera (nk'imashini zitanga moteri, abafana, imashini zitanga amazi, imashini zitanga ingufu, uburyo bwo kuringaniza umuvuduko, nibindi).
Itsinda ry'amapine y'umuvuduko w'ingunguru: 1- pulley; 2- uruziga rw'umukandara w'amenyo w'umuvuduko w'ingunguru; 3- sprocket y'umuvuduko w'ingunguru; 4- Crankshaft; 5- crankshaft main bearing (hejuru); 6- Flywheel; 7- generator y'ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko; 8, 11- thrust pad; 9- crankshaft main bearing (hepfo); 10- crankshaft main bearing cover.
Iyo crankshaft ikora, igomba kwihanganira impinduka za buri gihe mu muvuduko wa gaze, imbaraga zisubirana n'imbaraga za centrifugal, ndetse n'imbaraga zazo zo guhindagurika no guhindagurika mu gihe cyo gukora cyane, byoroshye guhindagurika no kuzunguruka, bityo, crankshaft igomba kugira imbaraga n'ubukana buhagije, ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika no kuringaniza neza. Crankshaft muri rusange ikorwa mu cyuma gipima karubone, kandi ubuso bwa journal buvurwa no kuzimya cyangwa gusiga nitride. Crankshaft ya moteri ya Shanghai Santana ikozwe mu cyuma gipima karubone cyiza cyane. Moteri za Audi JW na Yuchai YC6105QC zikozwe mu cyuma gipima karubone gihendutse kandi gifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika.
1. Imiterere ya crankshaft
Umugozi w’amashanyarazi muri rusange ugizwe n’inyuma y’imbere, ijosi ry’umugozi mukuru, umugozi, ikintu kirwanya uburemere, umugozi uhuza n’inyuma. Umugozi ugizwe n’umugozi uhuza n’umugozi w’amashanyarazi hamwe n’umugozi wayo w’ibanze w’ibumoso n’iburyo. Umubare w’umugozi w’amashanyarazi uterwa n’umubare n’imiterere ya silindiri. Umugozi w’umugozi umwe ufite umugozi umwe gusa; Umubare w’umugozi w’umugozi w’umugozi w’umugozi w’umugozi uhagaze ungana n’umubare wa silindiri; Umubare w’imigozi iri mu mugozi w’umugozi w’umugozi wa moteri ya V ungana n’igice cy’umubare wa silindiri. Umugozi w’imbere w’umugozi ufite pulley, ibikoresho byo gutwara amazi n’uburyo bwo gufunga. Ijosi ry’umugozi w’amashanyarazi rishyirwa mu ntebe y’ingenzi y’umubiri wa silindiri kandi rikoreshwa mu gushyigikira umugozi w’amashanyarazi. Umugozi uhuza ukoreshwa mu gushyiraho umugozi uhuza, kandi umugozi uhuza umugozi mukuru n’umugozi uhuza. Kugira ngo imbaraga za centrifugal zihuzwe neza iyo crankshaft izunguruka, hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kuringaniza kuri crankshaft. Hashyizweho flange ihuza inyuma ya crankshaft kugira ngo ihuze flywheel na crankshaft hakoreshejwe bolts. Kugira ngo brain ya connecting rod, hatoborwa inzira yo gusiga amavuta kuva kuri shaft nkuru kugera kuri connecting rod journal. Crankshaft y’ingenzi ni yoroshye mu miterere, yoroheje mu buremere kandi yizewe mu mikorere, kandi muri rusange ikoresha plain bearing, zikoreshwa cyane muri moteri nto n’iziciriritse.
2. Ihame ry'imiterere y'ikirango
Imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'aho buri muyoboro uherereye biterwa ahanini n'umubare wa silindiri, imiterere ya silindiri n'uburyo buri silindiri ikora. Mu gutegura urukurikirane rw'imirimo ya moteri, amategeko akurikira agomba gukurikizwa uko bishoboka kose:
Kora silinda ebyiri z'akazi gahoraho kure cyane uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo ugabanye umutwaro w'icyuma gikuru, kandi wirinde ko valve ebyiri zifatanye zifunguka icyarimwe mu gihe cyo gufata, kandi ikintu cyo "gufata umwuka" bigira ingaruka ku musaruro wa moteri.
(1) Igihe cyo gukora Inguni ya buri cylinder igomba kungana kugira ngo moteri ikore neza. Muri crankshaft Inguni aho moteri irangiza uruziga rw'akazi, buri cylinder igomba gukora rimwe. Kuri moteri ifite imigozi ine ifite inomero ya cylinder i, igihe cyo gukora Inguni ni 720°/i. Ni ukuvuga ko buri 720°/i ya crankshaft igomba kugira cylinder yo gukora kugira ngo moteri ikore neza.
(2) Niba ari moteri yo mu bwoko bwa V, inkingi z'ibumoso n'iburyo za silindiri zigomba gukorana.
3. Imiterere rusange ya moteri ya silindiri nyinshi n'uburyo ikora
Imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa moteri ifite umurongo wa stroke enye. Igihe cy'akazi Inguni ya moteri ifite umurongo wa stroke enye ni 720°/4=180°, stroke enye zitondetse mu murongo umwe, kandi urukurikirane rw'imikorere ya moteri (cyangwa urukurikirane rw'umuriro) ni 1-3-4-2 cyangwa 1-2-4-3. Igikoresho cyo gukurura amashanyarazi gikoreshwa cyane gifite agace kamwe k'uruziga gafite uruhande rumwe gafite urwego rw'icyuma kirwanya uburyaryate, icyuma kinini cya crankshaft gifite flanging n'impeta yo gukurura ifite imiterere itatu. Agace k'amashanyarazi ni urupapuro rw'icyuma rugizwe n'impeta imwe rufite urwego rwo kurwanya uruzite inyuma, rushyirwa mu mwobo w'umubiri cyangwa ku gifuniko cy'ingenzi cy'ubwikorezi. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko agace k'amashanyarazi kazunguruka, agace k'amashanyarazi gafite agace gafata mu mwobo. Amwe mu mapine y'amashanyarazi akoresha ibice 4 kugira ngo akore imipaka ibiri myiza y'uruziga, kandi amwe akoresha ibice 2 by'imipaka. Uruhande rufite icyuma kirwanya uruziga rugomba kwerekeza ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha ibice by'imodoka bya MG & MAUXS.
