Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi bigize moteri?
Igice cy’ingenzi cy’ingenzi cy’imashini ikora moteri, ubusanzwe cyitwa crankshaft na connecting rod mechanism, ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’imashini ikora moteri gituma ingufu zihinduka.
Iyi nteko igizwe ahanini n'ibi bikurikira:
Piston: Igenda igaruka igana inyuma muri silindiri, ifite igitutu kiva ku myuka itwika.
Impeta ya piston: Ishyizwe kuri piston, ikora imirimo yo gufunga, kohereza ubushyuhe, no gukurura amavuta.
Udupira twa piston: Duhuza piston n'inkoni ihuza, tugatanga imbaraga.
Inkoni ihuza: Yimura umuvuduko wa piston usubiranamo kuri crankshaft hanyuma ikawuhinduramo umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka.
Crankshaft: Yakira ingufu ziva ku nkoni ihuza kandi igahindura imikorere ya piston mu buryo bwo kuzenguruka, ikaba ari yo mashini isohora moteri.
Uruziga rw'imodoka: Rushyizwe inyuma y'icyuma gikurura umuriro, rubika kandi rurekura ingufu kugira ngo moteri ikore neza kandi rukore nk'igice gihuza moteri mu gutangiza no kohereza.
Ibi bice bikorana kugira ngo birangize ihinduka riva ku ngufu za shimi rijya ku ngufu za mekanike, bigatuma biba ihuriro ry'ingenzi rya moteri.
Muri moteri, "igice cy'ingenzi cy'imashini zigenda" akenshi bivuze icyuma giteranya amashanyarazi n'icyuma gihuza ibyuma, ari na byo bigize igice cy'ingenzi cy'imashini zigenda zituma ingufu zihinduka muri moteri.
Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni uguhindura ingufu z'ubushyuhe zikomoka ku gutwika kwa lisansi muri silinda mo ingufu za mekanike zizenguruka, bityo bigatuma ikinyabiziga cyangwa imashini bikora.
Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora ni ubu bukurikira:
Piston igenda igaruka igana inyuma muri silinda, ifite imbaraga nyinshi zituruka ku myuka itwika.
Inkoni ihuza piston na crankshaft, yohereza umurongo wa piston hanyuma ikawuhinduramo kuzenguruka kwa crankshaft.
Umugozi w'amashanyarazi (ubusanzwe uhuzwa n'umugozi w'amashanyarazi) wohereza imbaraga zo kuzunguruka kuri boyi, amapine yo gutwara, cyangwa izindi mashini zikora.
Uruziga rw'imodoka (ubusanzwe ruhuzwa na crankshaft) rubika ingufu kandi rutuma moteri ikora neza, rutsinda ubukana bw'imitsi idakora.
Kubwibyo, icyuma gikurura amashanyarazi n'icyuma gihuza ni byo bigize ingenzi bihuza ibice bihindura "ingufu za shimi → ingufu z'ubushyuhe → ingufu za mekanike" muri moteri, kandi bise "urusuko" n'aho moteri isohora ingufu.
Iteranya ry'ibice by'ingenzi byimuka bya moteri akenshi ryerekeza ku bice biri muri moteri bishinzwe kugenda kw'ibanze, cyane cyane harimo crankshaft, connecting rod, piston, piston ring, valves, camshaft, timing chain cyangwa belt, nibindi. Ibi bice bikorana kugira ngo bihindure ingufu zikomoka ku gutwika lisansi mo moteri. Iyo ibi bice by'ingenzi byananiwe, bizatuma moteri igabanuka cyangwa ikanananirwa burundu.
Ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'amakosa mu gice cy'ingenzi cy'imashini kigenda birimo:
Urusaku rudasanzwe: Amajwi asobanutse neza yo gukomanga (gukomanga), gukubitana kw'ibyuma, cyangwa amajwi akomeye yo gukomanga biba muri moteri, akenshi biterwa no kwangirika gukabije, gusibangana gukabije, cyangwa amavuta mabi ya piston, imiyoboro y'inkoni ihuza, cyangwa imiyoboro minini ya crankshaft. Iminyururu/umukandara w'igihe gito cyangwa amenyo yo gusimbuka nabyo bizatanga urusaku rwihariye.
Kugabanya imbaraga cyane no kunyeganyega: Ikinyabiziga kidafite imbaraga zo kwihutisha umuvuduko, gisubiza buhoro buhoro, kandi kikagira imitingito igaragara kandi ihoraho iyo kidakora cyangwa iyo gitwaye. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kwangirika kw'impeta ya piston bigatuma umuvuduko wa silinda udahagije, imitako ya valve idakora neza, cyangwa igihe cyo kuyikoresha kidakora neza, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo gutwika bugabanuka cyane.
Ibyuka bihumanya cyane: Umuyoboro w'imyotsi uhora usohora umwotsi w'ubururu bwinshi, ari na cyo kimenyetso cy'uko amavuta yamenetse mu cyumba cy'umuriro arimo gushya, akenshi bigaterwa no kwangirika kw'impeta ya piston, imitako y'imashini ishaje, cyangwa imikufi ku rukuta rwa silinda. Mu bihe bikomeye, hashobora kandi kuba umwotsi w'umukara (umuriro utuzuye) cyangwa umwotsi w'umweru (icyuma gikonjesha) cyinjira mu cyumba cy'umuriro.
Kugorwa no gutangira cyangwa kutabasha gutangira: Nubwo starter ishobora gukora neza, moteri ntishobora kwaka no gukora. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kudakora neza kwa mekanike imbere (nk'ugukurura silinda, gufata umugozi) cyangwa gucika burundu kwa sisitemu y'igihe bigatuma valve na piston bitinjira mu buryo butunguranye.
Gukoresha amavuta mu buryo budasanzwe: Iyo nta mavuta yo hanze agaragara, urugero rw'amavuta rugabanuka cyane kandi bigasaba kongeramo amavuta kenshi, ibyo bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy'uko imbere hangiritse bigatuma amavuta atwikwa. Gushyuha cyane moteri: Gushyuha cyane imbere (nk'uko moteri yangiritse, gufatirwa na silinda) cyangwa se uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukora nabi (nk'uko pompe y'amazi yangiritse) bigatuma idakora neza bituma ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwiyongera cyane.
Izi ngorane zikunze guterwa n'ibintu nko kudakora neza igihe kirekire, gukoresha amavuta ya moteri adakora neza, ibibazo byo gukonjesha, cyangwa gukoresha moteri cyane. Iyo ibi bimenyetso bigaragaye, cyane cyane urusaku rudashira, kunyeganyega cyane, cyangwa umwotsi w'umukara uva mu modoka, umuntu agomba guhita ahagarika gutwara imodoka agashaka ubufasha bw'inzobere. Bitabaye ibyo, birashoboka cyane ko moteri yose yangirika.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
