Ni izihe nshingano n'intego zo guteranya moteri?
Iteranya rya moteri ni ryo shingiro ry'ingufu z'ikinyabiziga, rikora cyane cyane mu guhindura neza ingufu za lisansi muri ingufu za mekanike, bityo bigatuma ikinyabiziga kigenda. Ntabwo bivuga moteri ubwayo gusa ahubwo bikubiyemo uruvange rwose rwa moteri n'izindi sisitemu n'ibindi bikoresho byayo byose biyifasha, bikaba ari igikoresho cy'ingufu cyuzuye kandi gikora neza.
Imirimo yihariye yo guteranya moteri ishobora gusobanurwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:
Gutanga imbaraga z'ingenzi zo gutwara: Binyuze mu gutwika imbere lisansi cyangwa mazutu (cyangwa moteri itwara amashanyarazi), ihindura ingufu za shimi mo ingufu zizenguruka, igatanga ingufu zo gutwara imodoka imbere.
Guhuza no guhuza sisitemu zitandukanye z’inyongera: Iteranya rya moteri rihuza sisitemu nyinshi z’ingenzi zikenewe kugira ngo moteri ikore neza, ihamye kandi mu mutekano, harimo:
Sisitemu yo gutanga lisansi: Ivanga neza kandi igatanga imvange ishaje kuri silindiri kugira ngo itange ingufu zo gutwika.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha: Ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo ikureho ubushyuhe burenze urugero buterwa n'imikorere ya moteri, ikabugumana mu rugero rwiza rw'ubushyuhe kandi ikarinda kwangirika gukabije.
Sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta: Ihora itanga amavuta yo gusiga ku bice bitandukanye byimuka (nk'icyuma gifata amashanyarazi, piston, nibindi), igakora agace k'amavuta kugira ngo igabanye kwangirika, igabanye kwangirika, kandi yongere igihe cyo kubaho.
Sisitemu yo gutwika (ku moteri za lisansi): Itanga umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu gihe gikwiye kugira ngo ishyushye uruvange rushobora gushya muri silinda.
Sisitemu yo gutangira: Itanga imbaraga zo gutangira binyuze muri moteri yo gutangira, bigatuma moteri itangirira neza ihagaze neza.
Uburyo bwo kwinjiza n'isohora: Igenzura igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga kwa valve zo kwinjiza n'izo kwinjiza kugira ngo igere ku murongo wa "inlet - compression - power - exhaust", iha moteri "umwuka" mwiza.
Gutanga ingufu kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'ikinyabiziga: Iteranya rya moteri risanzwe rigizwe na moteri (alternator), ishyira umuriro kuri bateri y'ikinyabiziga iyo moteri irimo gukora kandi igatanga umuriro ku bikoresho byose by'amashanyarazi nk'amatara, amajwi, ECU, nibindi.
Guhindura ingufu no kugenzura imyuka ihumanya: Mu gihe cyo kurangiza guhindura ingufu, itunganya imyuka ihumanya iva mu nzira yo gutwika inyuze mu bice nk'uburyo bwo gusohora imyuka, ikagabanya imyuka yangiza (nk'imyuka ya karuboni, okiside ya azote, nibindi) kugira ngo ihuze n'amahame agenga ibidukikije.
Muri make, guteranya moteri ni sisitemu ikomeye kandi ihujwe neza. Si "umutima" w'ikinyabiziga gusa ahubwo ni n'ishingiro ry'imbaraga, ingufu, n'ubuyobozi bw'ikinyabiziga.
Iteranya rya moteri ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikinyabiziga. Iyo cyangiritse, kizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere isanzwe y'ikinyabiziga, cyane cyane bikagaragara muri ibi bikurikira:
Ibitagenda neza mu gutangiza imodoka: Ikinyabiziga gishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo gutangiza imodoka rimwe na rimwe, rimwe na rimwe kikayitangira rimwe na rimwe ntigikore. Ibi akenshi biterwa no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byo gutwara imodoka cyangwa uduce tw'imashini imwe; cyangwa hashobora kubaho ibintu nk'aho moteri itangira imodoka izunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi ariko crankshaft ntizunguruke, cyangwa moteri itangira imodoka idakora na gato. Impamvu zishobora kuba zirimo amakosa y'insinga z'amashanyarazi, gushya kwa contactor y'imashini itangira imodoka, ingufu nke za bateri, cyangwa uburinzi bukabije bwa moteri.
Ihindagurika ry'imyotsi: Umuyoboro w'imyotsi usohora umwotsi udasanzwe, cyane cyane umwotsi w'ubururu. Umwotsi w'ubururu urashira nyuma y'igihe gito cyo gutangira mu gitondo, akenshi bitewe no gusaza kw'agasanduku k'amavuta ka valve; iyo bikomeje, bigaragaza ko moteri yangiritse cyane imbere, nko kwangirika kw'impeta ya piston, bigatuma amavuta yinjira mu cyumba cyo gutwika.
Amajwi adasanzwe: Iyo moteri yangiritse cyane (nk'ihungabana rya silinda), isohora ijwi rikomanga rya "thud thud thud", cyane cyane rigaragara cyane ku muvuduko wo hejuru cyangwa umuvuduko wo hejuru wo kuzenguruka (renza 3000 rpm); iyo ijwi rikaze cyangwa ijwi rya "dud dud" ryumvwe mu gihe cyo gutangira, rishobora guterwa n'imigozi y'inzira imwe yafunzwe, gushyirwaho nabi, cyangwa amakosa yo gufunga.
Kugabanuka k'imikorere: Kwangirika kw'itsinda rya moteri bizatuma ingufu zidasohoka neza, lisansi idakoreshwa neza, umuvuduko muke, ndetse na moteri igahagarara mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo gutwara, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano w'imodoka.
Iyo hagaragaye kimwe mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, ni byiza guhita uhagarika gutwara imodoka hanyuma ukajya ku kigo cy’inzobere mu gusana imodoka kugira ngo gisuzumwe neza kugira ngo wirinde ko ikibazo cyangirika kurushaho.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
