Imikorere y'imodoka ifite uruziga rw'inyuma
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'ikigega cy'imodoka ni ugutwara uburemere no gutanga ubuyobozi buhamye ku kuzenguruka k'ikigega. Gifite imizigo yombi ishingiye ku ruhande rumwe n'iy'urukiramende, kandi ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane. Imiterere gakondo ikoreshwa ku mapine y'imodoka igizwe n'amaseti abiri ya za roller bearings cyangwa umupira. Gushyiraho, gusiga amavuta, gufunga no guhindura aho imodoka ziherereye byose bikorwa ku murongo w'ikorwa ry'imodoka. Iyi miterere ituma bigorana guteranya mu nganda zikora imodoka, bihenze kandi ntibizewe. Byongeye kandi, iyo imodoka ikomeje gusanwa, ibyuma nabyo bigomba gusukurwa, gusigwa amavuta no guhindurwa. Ibikoresho byo guteranya ibyuma byakozwe hashingiwe ku miterere isanzwe ya angular contact ball bearings na tapered roller bearings. Bihuza amaseti abiri ya za roller muri rimwe, rifite imikorere myiza yo guteranya, nta mpamvu yo guhindura aho imodoka iherereye, uburemere bworoheje, imiterere mito, ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gutwara, gushyiraho amavuta mbere yo gushyiraho za roller nk'ibishushanyo bifunze, nta mpamvu yo gufunga ibyuma byo hanze, kandi nta n'uburyo bwo kubibungabunga bukenewe. Hari kandi n'uburyo bwo kwagura buhoro buhoro ikoreshwa ryabyo mu makamyo akomeye.
Mu bihe byashize, ibyuma bifasha imodoka gukora imodoka byakoreshwaga cyane mu matsinda abiri nk'ibyuma bifasha imodoka gukora imodoka mu buryo bwa "single-row-taped roller" cyangwa "ball bearing". Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, ibyuma bifasha imodoka gukora imodoka byakoreshejwe cyane mu modoka. Uburyo bwo gukoresha n'ingano y'ibikoresho bifasha imodoka gukora imodoka biriyongera umunsi ku wundi, none ubu byageze ku gisekuru cya gatatu: igisekuru cya mbere cyari kigizwe n'ibyuma bifasha imodoka gukora imodoka mu buryo bwa "double-row-contact bearing". Igisekuru cya kabiri gifite "flange" ku muhanda wo hanze wo gusimbuza "bearing", ishobora gushyirwa ku mugongo ugashyirwaho "nut". Bituma imodoka zikomeza gukora neza. Igikoresho gifasha imodoka gukora imodoka mu buryo bwa "hub" gikoresha "bearing unit" hamwe na "anti-lock fering system" (ABS). Igikoresho gifasha imodoka gukora imodoka mu buryo bwa "hub" n'igikoresho cyo hanze. Igikoresho gifasha imodoka gukora imodoka mu buryo bwa "drive shaft" gifatanye n'ibice bifasha imodoka gukora imodoka mu buryo bwa "bolts", mu gihe igikoresho cyo hanze gishyiramo "bearing" cyose. Ibikoresho bifasha imodoka gukora imodoka mu buryo bwa "hub bearing" byangiritse cyangwa byangiritse bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye kandi gihenze mu gihe utwaye imodoka, ndetse bikaba byanabangamira umutekano wawe.
Nyamuneka witondere ibi bikurikira mu gihe ukoresha kandi ushyiramo ibyuma bifasha mu gukurura amashanyarazi:
Kugira ngo urebe neza umutekano n'ubwizerwe ku rugero runini, ni byiza ko ugenzura kenshi ibyuma bya hub bearings utitaye ku myaka y'ikinyabiziga - witondere ibimenyetso by'uburinzi bw'ibice byangiritse: harimo urusaku rw'uburiganya mu gihe cyo kuzenguruka cyangwa kugabanuka kudasanzwe kw'amapine yo guhagarara mu gihe cyo guhindukira. Ku binyabiziga bitwara amapine y'inyuma, ni byiza ko ibyuma bya hub bearings by'imbere bishyirwamo amavuta iyo ikinyabiziga kimaze gukora ibirometero 38.000. Mu gihe usimbuza sisitemu yo gufunga feri, genzura ibyuma bya hub bearings hanyuma usimbuze ibifunga by'amavuta.
Iyo wumvise urusaku rudasanzwe ruturutse mu gace k’aho icyuma gitera amashanyarazi giherereye, icya mbere kandi cy’ingenzi ni ukumenya aho urusaku rubera. Hari ibice byinshi bigenda bishobora gutera urusaku, cyangwa se bishobora kuba bimwe mu bice bizenguruka byahuye n’ibice bitazenguruka. Iyo byemejwe ko urusaku ruturutse ku cyuma gitera amashanyarazi, icyuma gishobora kwangirika kigakenera gusimburwa.
Kubera ko imikorere ituma amapine yo ku mpande zombi ananirwa bitewe n'aho uruziga rw'imbere ruhurira asa, ni byiza kuyasimbuza abiri nubwo yaba ari yo yangiritse.
Ibyuma by'ubwikorezi bw'imodoka birakomeye cyane, kandi uko byagenda kose, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bukwiye n'ibikoresho bikwiye. Mu gihe cyo kubika, gutwara no gushyiraho, ibice byabyo ntibigomba kwangirika. Ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo bikandagiremo, bityo hakenewe ibikoresho byihariye. Menya neza ko wasomye igitabo cy'amabwiriza agenga ikorwa ry'imodoka.
Mu gushyiraho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, bigomba gukorwa ahantu hasukuye kandi hasukuye. Uduce duto twinjira muri iyo miyoboro natwo tuzagabanya igihe cyo kuyikoresha. Ni ngombwa cyane kubungabunga ibidukikije bisukuye mu gihe usimbuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Ntibyemewe gukubita imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'inyundo. Witondere kutagusha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi hasi (cyangwa kuyifata nabi mu buryo nk'ubwo). Mbere yo kuyishyiraho, imiterere y'umugozi n'aho ifata imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi nabyo bigomba gusuzumwa. Ndetse no kwangirika guke bishobora gutuma imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idakora neza, bityo bigatuma imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi inanirwa gukora neza.
Ku byuma bipima uburebure bw'umugozi, ntugerageze gusenya uburebure bw'umugozi cyangwa ngo uhindure impeta zo gufunga z'ibice bipima uburebure bw'umugozi; bitabaye ibyo, impeta zo gufunga zishobora kwangirika, bigatuma amazi cyangwa umukungugu byinjira. Ndetse n'inzira zo gusiganwa z'umugozi n'impeta y'imbere byarangiritse, bigatuma uburebure bw'umugozi buhagarara burundu.
Hari impeta ya rukuruzi iri imbere mu mpeta ifunga icyuma gikoresha igikoresho cya ABS. Iyi mpeta ya rukuruzi ntigomba kugongana, kugongana cyangwa gukorana n'izindi ngufu za rukuruzi. Mbere yo kuyishyiraho, yikure mu gasanduku ko gupakiramo kandi uyirinde imbaraga za rukuruzi, nka moteri z'amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa, nibindi. Mu gihe ushyiraho izi mpuza, reba urushinge rwa ABS kuri dashboard binyuze mu isuzuma ry'imiterere y'umuhanda kugira ngo uhindure imikorere ya za mpuza.
Ku byuma bikingira amaguru bifite impeta za ABS, kugira ngo umenye uruhande impeta ikingira amaguru ishyizwemo, ushobora kuzana ikintu gito kandi cyoroheje hafi y'inkombe y'icyuma. Imbaraga za rukuruzi zikomoka kuri icyo cyuma zizayikurura. Mu gihe ugishyiraho, shyira uruhande rurimo impeta ikingira amaguru imbere, werekeze imbere mu buryo butaziguye ibice bya ABS. Gushyiraho nabi bishobora gutuma sisitemu yo gufunga feri inanirwa gukora.
Ibyuma byinshi bifunga kandi ntibisaba amavuta mu gihe cyose cy'akazi kabyo. Izindi mbyuma zidafunga, nka za double-rowed roller bearings, zigomba gusigwa amavuta mu gihe cyo gushyiraho. Bitewe n'ingano zitandukanye z'ibice by'imbere by'imbyuma, biragoye kumenya ingano y'amavuta yo kongeramo. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya neza ko hari amavuta mu byuma bifunga. Iyo hari amavuta menshi, iyo mbyuma izunguruka, amavuta arenze azasohoka. Ubunararibonye rusange: Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, ingano yose y'amavuta igomba kuba 50% by'aho mbyuma iherereye.
Mu gushyiraho lock nuts, ingano y'imbaraga iratandukanye cyane bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ubwoko bw'ibyuma bitwara imizigo n'aho bicumbikira imizigo.
Mu gihe cyo kubungabunga, akenshi usanga hari imodoka zimwe na zimwe zigira urusaku rwinshi cyane. Nyuma yo kugenzura, nta kwangirika kudasanzwe ku mapine. Iyo uzungurutsa amapine kuri lifti, nta rusaku rudasanzwe rugaragara. Iki kintu gikunze guterwa no kwangirika kudasanzwe kwa bearing ya hub. Icyo bita kudasanzwe bivuga kwangirika kwa bearing bitewe n'impamvu zo kuyishyiraho. Bearing y'imbere y'imodoka muri rusange ni bearing y'imirongo ibiri. Iyo ushyizeho bearing, iyo hakoreshejwe inyundo kuzikubita cyangwa impeta y'imbere y'bearing ikanzwe iyo uyishyize mu nzu y'igare, byangiza inzira yo gusiganwa ku ruhande rumwe rw'igare. Iyo ikinyabiziga kiri mu nzira, urusaku ruravuka. Ariko, iyo amapine ari hanze y'ubutaka, bitewe n'uruhande rwiza rw'inzira yo gusiganwa, nta rusaku rugaragara rwumvikana. Gushyiraho neza no gukoresha neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo bearing irambe igihe kirekire.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
