Katalyse y'inzira eshatu.
Uburyo bwo gukatalisa ibintu butatu busobanura guhindura imyuka yangiza nka CO, HC na NOx mu mwuka uva mu modoka ujya muri dioxyde de carbone, amazi na azote bitagize ingaruka mbi binyuze mu gukaranga no kugabanya. Igice cy’uburyo bwo gukatalisa ibintu butatu ni igice cy’ibikoresho bya ceramic bifite imyenge, bishyirwa mu muyoboro wihariye w’imyotsi. Byitwa uburyo bwo gukatalisa ibintu kuko bidafata uruhare mu buryo bwo gukatalisa ibintu ubwabyo, ahubwo bitwikiriwe n’icyuma cy’agaciro nka platine, rhodium, palladium na rare earths. Ni cyo gikoresho cy’ingenzi cyane cyo gusukura hanze gishyirwa muri sisitemu y’imyotsi iva mu modoka.
Ihame ry'imikorere rya "catalytic converter" y'inzira eshatu ni iri: iyo "extraction" y'imodoka ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi inyuze mu gikoresho cyo gusukura, "cleaner" iri muri "catalytic converter" y'inzira eshatu izongera imikorere ya "gaz" eshatu CO, hidrokaboni na NOx, kandi ikayishishikariza gukora "chemical reaction" igabanya oxidation, aho CO ihinduka "gaz" ya karuboni idafite ibara, idahumanya ku bushyuhe bwinshi; Hydrocarbons zihinduka "oxidation" ku mazi (H2O) na "gaz" ya karuboni ku bushyuhe bwinshi; NOx igabanuka ikaba azote na ogisijeni. Gaz eshatu mbi zihinduka "gaz" zitagize ingaruka mbi, ku buryo "extraction" y'imodoka ishobora gusukurwa. Iyo habayeho "oxygen" ihari, igipimo cy'umwuka na lisansi kirakwiye.
Kubera ko lisansi irimo sulfure, fosifore na MMT irwanya gukubita irimo manganese, ibi bice bya shimi bizakora chemical complexes ku buso bwa sensor ya ogisijeni no mu cyuma gihindura umwuka mu buryo butatu hamwe na gazi isohora umwuka nyuma yo gushya. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'ingeso mbi z'umushoferi mu gutwara imodoka, cyangwa gutwara imodoka igihe kirekire mu mihanda yuzuye, moteri ikunze kuba idashyushye neza, ibyo bikabyara ubwinshi bwa karuboni muri sensor ya ogisijeni na gazi ihindura umwuka mu buryo butatu. Byongeye kandi, uduce twinshi tw'igihugu dukoresha lisansi ya etanoli, ifite ubushobozi bwo gusukura cyane, isukura umwanda uri mu cyumba cyo gutwika ariko ntishobora kubora no gushya, bityo iyo ibyuka bisohora umwuka, iyi mwanda izashyirwa no ku buso bwa sensor ya ogisijeni na gazi ihindura umwuka mu buryo butatu. Biterwa n'ibintu byinshi bituma nyuma y'uko imodoka itwaye igihe runaka, uretse ubwinshi bwa karubone mu cyuma gitwara abagenzi n'icyumba cyo gutwika, binatera sensor ya ogisijeni n'uburozi bwa catalyst bugenda bucika intege, kuziba kwa catalyst y'inzira eshatu na valve ya EGR igafungwa n'ibisigazwa n'ibindi, bigatuma moteri ikora nabi, bigatuma ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kuri lisansi ryiyongera, ingufu zikagabanuka ndetse n'imyuka isohoka ikarenga urugero.
Gusana moteri bisanzwe bigarukira gusa ku kubungabunga sisitemu yo gushyiramo amavuta, sisitemu yo kwinjiramo n'iy'ibikomoka kuri lisansi, ariko ntibishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byose byo kubungabunga sisitemu yo gushyiramo amavuta igezweho, sisitemu yo kwinjiramo, sisitemu yo gutanga lisansi n'iy'imyuka isohora umwuka, cyane cyane ibisabwa mu kubungabunga sisitemu yo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya. Kubwibyo, nubwo imodoka yaba isanzwe igihe kirekire, biragoye kwirinda ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru.
Mu guhangana n’ibyo bibazo, ingamba zifatwa n’ibigo bibungabunga imodoka akenshi ni ugusimbuza ibikoresho bipima umwuka wa ogisijeni n’ibikoresho bihindura umwuka wa ogisijeni mu buryo butatu, ariko kubera ikibazo cy’ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza imodoka, amakimbirane hagati y’ibigo bibungabunga imodoka n’abakiriya arakomeje. By’umwihariko, ibyo bikoresho bipima umwuka wa ogisijeni n’ibikoresho bipima umwuka wa ogisijeni mu buryo butatu bitarasimbuwe n’igihe cyabyo cy’ingirakamaro akenshi ni byo bibanda ku makimbirane, kandi abakiriya benshi banavuga ko ikibazo giterwa n’ubwiza bw’imodoka.
Kugira ngo bikemure iki kibazo cy’ingutu kandi kitoroshye gukemura ku bigo bikora imodoka, ibigo bikora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, amashami ashinzwe gucunga ibikorwa byo kubungabunga n’amashami ashinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, ibigo bireba ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi byakoze ubushakashatsi kandi bishushanya uburyo bushya bwo kubungabunga moteri n’ikoranabuhanga ku makosa yo gukoresha uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kubungabunga moteri.
Ibikubiye muri ubu buhanga bushya ni ibi bikurikira: iyo hakorwa isuku ihoraho ku bakiriya, uretse gusimbuza amavuta no kubungabunga ibyuma bitatu, hongerwamo isuku n'isukura rya catalytic converter y'inzira eshatu. Ibiranga tekiniki byayo ni ibi bikurikira: Ihuriro ry'ibintu bikoreshwa mu kugenzura no kubungabunga moteri mu buryo bwa "Automobile exhaust control system" n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kubungabunga moteri kugira ngo bibe byakozwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo kubungabunga moteri, uburyo busanzwe bwo kubungabunga moteri ntibushobora kuzuza ibisabwa n'ibisembwa bigezweho byo kubungabunga moteri, Umuti udakora ku kibazo cy'imikorere idasanzwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ya moteri yo kurinda ibidukikije uzahindurwa uhuzwe no gukumira imikorere idasanzwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ya moteri yo kurinda ibidukikije.
1, iyo habayeho kwangirika kwa mashini, gushyuha cyane, ibirometero birenga 200.000, uburozi bwa lisansi, ingaruka zo gusukura si nini.
2, nko mu gihe moteri iri hagati mu gusukura, hita ukuraho umuyoboro uhuza moteri n'ibikoresho, hanyuma ufunge valve itwara amazi. Itangiza moteri, idakora neza, ishobora kongera gushyirwaho no guhindurwa.
3, reba niba ingano y'uruvange ikwiye kugira ngo urebe neza ko amazi ashobora guhumekwa mu mwanya w'igihu.
4, gusukura ibice bitatu bigomba gusukurwa nyuma yo gukaraba, kugabanya lisansi n'icyumba cyo gutwika.
5, mu gihe cyo gusukura, umuvuduko udakora ntugomba kuba munini cyane kugira ngo wirinde gushyuha cyane kwa mashini ihindura amashanyarazi mu buryo butatu.
6, ntugatere amazi yo gusukura ku irangi ry'imodoka.
7, aho gukorera kure y'aho inkongi ituruka, kora akazi keza ko gupima inkongi.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha ibice by'imodoka bya MG & MAUXS.
