Indorerwamo ireba inyuma.
Indorerwamo y'inyuma ni kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi by'umutekano w'imodoka, ikoreshwa mu kureba imiterere y'umuhanda w'inyuma w'imodoka mu gihe cyo gusubira inyuma, naho umushoferi akareba umubiri wose w'imodoka mu gihe cyo gutwara imodoka.
Kuri ubu, firime igaragara inyuma y'indorerwamo z'imodoka zo mu rugo muri rusange ikozwe mu feza na aluminiyumu, kandi zimwe muri zo zikozwe muri chromium. Mu mahanga, indorerwamo za chrome zasimbuye indorerwamo z'ifeza n'indorerwamo za aluminiyumu.
Indorerwamo irwanya imirabyo muri rusange ishyirwa mu cyumba, kigizwe n'indorerwamo yihariye na fotodiode ebyiri hamwe n'icyuma gipima amashanyarazi, icyuma gipima amashanyarazi cyakira urumuri rw'imbere n'urumuri rw'inyuma rwoherejwe na fotodiode. Iyo urumuri rumuritse ku ndorerwamo y'imbere, niba urumuri rw'inyuma ari runini kurusha urw'imbere, icyuma gipima amashanyarazi kizasohora voltage ku gice gipima amashanyarazi. Voltage iri ku gice gipima amashanyarazi ihindura ibara ry'urwego rw'amashanyarazi rw'indorerwamo, uko voltage yiyongera, niko ibara ry'urwego rw'amashanyarazi ryijimye rirushaho kuba ryijimye, muri iki gihe nubwo haba hari imirasire ikomeye ku ndorerwamo isubira inyuma, indorerwamo zirwanya imirabyo zigaragarira amaso y'umushoferi zizagaragaza urumuri rwijimye, ntabwo zigaragara neza.
Muri rusange, imodoka ifite indorerwamo eshatu zireba inyuma, kandi nyirayo arayitwara kugira ngo ayibone hafi inshuro ijana ku munsi, ariko hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bifitanye isano bikunze kwirengagizwa, nko uburyo bwo guhindura indorerwamo ireba inyuma kugira ngo igere ku rwego rwiza, uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo cy’indorerwamo ireba inyuma n’ingaruka z’indorerwamo ireba inyuma ku bintu bitandukanye by’urumuri. Hamwe n’indorerwamo ireba inyuma y’imodoka, umushoferi ashobora kwagura urwego rwo kureba inyuma, akabona inyuma y’imodoka mu buryo butaziguye, ku ruhande no munsi y’aho ibintu bimeze, twavuga ko indorerwamo ireba inyuma y’imodoka igira uruhare runini ku mushoferi, none se ni iki nyirayo agomba kwitaho ku kibazo cy’indorerwamo ireba inyuma?
(1) Guhindura indorerwamo y'inyuma bifite amategeko, ntabwo bishobora kuba byose bitewe n'ibyiyumvo
Buri wese afite akamenyero ko gutwara imodoka mu buryo butandukanye, muri rusange bitewe no kumva ashaka guhindura indorerwamo y'inyuma. Mu by'ukuri, hari amategeko amwe n'amwe yo guhindura indorerwamo y'inyuma. Ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho mu guhindura:
① Kugira ngo uhindure indorerwamo eshatu zireba inyuma, banza uhindure aho wicaye, hanyuma uhindure indorerwamo.
② Ku ndorerwamo y'inyuma mu modoka, imyanya y'ibumoso n'iburyo ihinduka ku nkombe y'ibumoso y'indorerwamo ikagabanywa ku gutwi kw'iburyo kw'ishusho iri mu ndorerwamo. Ibi bivuze ko muri rusange iyo utwaye imodoka, ntushobora kwibona uri mu ndorerwamo y'inyuma mu modoka, kandi imyanya yo hejuru n'iyo hasi ni iyo gushyira uburebure bw'inyuma hagati mu ndorerwamo.
Ku ndorerwamo y'inyuma y'ibumoso, imyanya yo hejuru n'iyo hasi igomba gushyira uburebure bw'inyuma hagati, naho imyanya y'ibumoso n'iy'iburyo igahuzwa n'umubiri ufata 1/4 cy'umurongo w'indorerwamo.
Ku ndorerwamo y'iburyo ireba inyuma, kubera ko intebe y'umushoferi iri ibumoso, kumenya neza uruhande rw'iburyo rw'umubiri ntabwo byoroshye cyane, hamwe no gukenera guparika imodoka ku muhanda rimwe na rimwe, ubuso bw'ubutaka bw'indorerwamo y'iburyo ireba inyuma ni bunini iyo uhindura imyanya yo hejuru n'iyo hasi, bingana na 2/3 by'indorerwamo. Imiterere y'ibumoso n'iburyo nayo ihinduka 1/4 cy'ubuso bw'umubiri.
(2) Uburebure bw'indorerwamo y'inyuma ni buke, kandi ugomba kwitondera ahantu hatagaragara
Abantu benshi batekereza ko kugira ngo indorerwamo zitagira aho zibonywe, indorerwamo z'ibumoso n'iburyo zigomba kugenzurwa zijya hanze cyangwa hasi uko bishoboka kose. Ibi bishobora gutuma usubira inyuma, kuko udashobora gukuraho indorerwamo zitagira aho zibonywe, kandi bishobora no gutuma uruhuka mu kureba ahantu hadasobanutse. Umushoferi usanzwe ashobora kubona hafi 200° ibumoso n'iburyo bw'imbere atarebye inyuma, mu yandi magambo, hari hafi 160° itagaragara. Kwishingikiriza ku ndorerwamo eshatu nto kugira ngo zipfuke 160° isigaye ni "indorerwamo ikomeye cyane". Mu by'ukuri, indorerwamo z'ibumoso n'iburyo hamwe n'indorerwamo z'inyuma mu modoka bishobora gutanga gusa uburebure bw'indorerwamo zigaragara za hafi 60°, none se ni iki cyakorwa kuri 100° isigaye? Dogere 100 zisigaye ni cyo twita ahantu hadasobanutse. Niyo mpamvu tugomba gusubiza amaso inyuma mu kuntu dukoresha indorerwamo zacu zitagira aho zibonywe mu gihe dutwaye. Nubwo imodoka nyinshi nshya zifite indorerwamo ebyiri, ariko iyi ni indorerwamo y'ibumoso gusa, iburyo, kugira ngo wongere icyerekezo, ntabwo ishobora gutwikira neza ahantu hose, bityo ahantu hadasobanutse cyangwa ngo witondere cyane.
(3) Uburyo indorerwamo y'inyuma igaragaramo ibintu bitandukanye ku manywa na nijoro, kandi igomba guhindurwa neza
Abantu bake ni bo bita ku kugaragara kw'indorerwamo y'inyuma. Ingano y'inyuma ifitanye isano n'ibikoresho bya firime igarura urumuri ku buso bw'indorerwamo, kandi uko kugaragara kw'indorerwamo kuba gukomeye, ni ko ishusho igaragara neza indorerwamo. Filimi igarura urumuri y'inyuma y'imodoka ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya feza na aluminiyumu, kugaragara kw'indorerwamo kwazo muri rusange ni 80%. Kugaragara kw'indorerwamo nyinshi bizagira ingaruka mbi rimwe na rimwe, nko gutwara nijoro munsi y'urumuri rw'amatara y'imodoka, kugaragara kw'indorerwamo y'inyuma mu modoka bizatuma umushoferi agira ubushobozi bwo kumva neza, bigira ingaruka ku mutekano wo gutwara, bityo indorerwamo y'inyuma mu modoka muri rusange ni indorerwamo ya prismatic, nubwo indorerwamo ari ndende, ariko imiterere yayo ni prismatic, ikoresha kugaragara kw'indorerwamo ya prismatic kandi kugaragara kw'imbere ntabwo ari bimwe, nta bushobozi bwo kugera ku kureba kw'inyuma. Ku manywa, firime y'imbere y'ifeza cyangwa aluminiyumu ifite kugaragara kw'inyuma kwa 80% irakoreshwa, kandi nijoro, ikirahure cyo hejuru gifite kugaragara kw'inyuma cya 4% gusa kirakoreshwa. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, indorerwamo y'imbere mu mwanya wayo wo ku manywa igomba kuzunguruka neza nijoro kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa mu gutwara.
Inganda nyinshi zikora imodoka zikora cyane mu ndorerwamo y’inyuma y’imodoka, mu gukora indorerwamo y’inyuma no mu gukora igihu, mu gukora akazi ko gukaraba, mu gukora indorerwamo y’inyuma ya LCD hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya kamera y’inyuma y’imodoka, ibikoresho bitandukanye bigezweho bituma imodoka iba nziza kandi itekanye, ariko kuri buri modoka ikora, indorerwamo y’inyuma y’ibumoso n’iburyo iri ku ruhande rw’umuryango n’indorerwamo y’inyuma imbere mu modoka. Nubwo zisa n’iziteye isoni, nubwo zongerera imbaraga zo gutwara, kandi kubera aho ziherereye ku mpande zo hanze z’umubiri, zikunze kwangirika cyane, ariko nta modoka ibura. Gukoresha neza "amaso" atatu ku modoka ni byo bituma gutwara imodoka biba byiza kandi byizewe. Mu kugura, tugomba kugura ibicuruzwa nyabyo, ibicuruzwa bike bifite ingaruka mbi zikomeye ku mutekano. Abantu benshi bahitamo guhaha kuri interineti, guhaha kuri interineti, bagomba kujya ku rubuga rusanzwe kugira ngo bagure.
Igipimo cyo guhindura indorerwamo z'inyuma ibumoso n'iburyo: uburebure bwa kure buri hagati mu ndorerwamo, kandi umubiri ugizwe na 1/4 cy'indorerwamo. Igipimo cyo guhindura indorerwamo z'inyuma: uburebure bwa kure buri hagati mu ndorerwamo, ushobora kubona ugutwi kwawe kw'iburyo. Hari ibintu byinshi: (1) Mu guhindura indorerwamo z'inyuma, hitamo umuhanda utambitse. (2) Mu guhindura intebe y'umushoferi, hindura indorerwamo z'inyuma. (3) Indorerwamo z'inyuma ni ahantu hatagaragara, ntugakoreshe indorerwamo z'inyuma nk'iz'ibihimbano.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
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