Koili y'umuriro
Bitewe n’iterambere rya moteri ya lisansi y’imodoka ku cyerekezo cy’umuvuduko mwinshi, igipimo cyo gukanda cyane, ingufu nyinshi, ikoreshwa rike rya lisansi n’ibyuka bike bihumanya, igikoresho gisanzwe cyo gutwika nticyashoboye kuzuza ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa. Ibice by’ingenzi by’igikoresho cyo gutwika ni coil yo gutwika n’igikoresho cyo guhinduranya, kongera ingufu za coil yo gutwika, icyuma gifunga lisansi gishobora gutanga ingufu zihagije, ari na byo by’ibanze by’igikoresho cyo gutwika kugira ngo kijyane n’imikorere ya moteri zigezweho.
Ubusanzwe haba hari amaseti abiri y'imigozi imbere muri koyili yo gushyushya, koyili y'ibanze n'iy'inyongera. Koyili y'ibanze ikoresha insinga nini ifite icyuma gishyushya, ubusanzwe insinga ifite icyuma gishyushya ya 0.5-1 mm hafi y'izunguruka 200-500; Koyili y'inyongera ikoresha insinga ntoya ifite icyuma gishyushya, ubusanzwe insinga ifite icyuma gishyushya ya 0.1 mm hafi y'izunguruka 15000-25000. Impera imwe y'ikoyili y'ibanze ihujwe n'amashanyarazi make (+) ku modoka, naho impera indi ihujwe n'igikoresho gihindura (breaker). Impera imwe y'ikoyili y'inyongera ihujwe n'ikoyili y'ibanze, naho indi mpera ihujwe n'impera y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi menshi kugira ngo itange umuriro mwinshi.
Impamvu coil yo gushyushya ishobora guhindura voltage nkeya mu modoka, ni uko ifite ishusho imwe na transformer isanzwe, kandi coil y'ibanze ifite igipimo kinini cyo guhindukira kuruta coil ya kabiri. Ariko uburyo bwo gukora coil yo gushyushya butandukanye na transformer isanzwe, frequency isanzwe yo gukora transformer ni 50Hz, izwi kandi nka transformer y'ingufu, kandi coil yo gushyushya iri mu buryo bw'imikorere y'ingufu, ishobora gufatwa nk'transformer y'ingufu, bitewe n'umuvuduko utandukanye wa moteri ku mivuduko itandukanye yo kubika no gusohora ingufu kenshi.
Iyo coil y'ibanze ikoreshejwe, imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi zikorwa hirya no hino uko umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wiyongera, kandi ingufu za rukuruzi zibikwa mu gice cy'icyuma. Iyo igikoresho gihinduranya gihagaritse umurongo wa coil y'ibanze, imbaraga za rukuruzi za coil y'ibanze zibora vuba, kandi coil y'inyongera yumva voltage nyinshi. Uko imbaraga za rukuruzi za coil y'ibanze zishira vuba, ni ko umuriro w'amashanyarazi wiyongera mu gihe cyo guhagarika umuriro, kandi uko coil ebyiri zihinduka cyane, ni ko voltage iterwa na coil y'inyongera yiyongera.
Mu bihe bisanzwe, igihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishyushya giterwa n'uko ibidukikije bikoreshwa n'imodoka, kandi muri rusange kigomba gusimburwa nyuma y'imyaka 2-3 cyangwa kilometero 30.000 kugeza ku 50.000.
Ingufu zo gutwika ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gutwika moteri y'imodoka, inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni uguhindura ingufu z'imodoka zifite ingufu nke zigahinduka amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo zicane gazi ivanze muri silinda kandi zigateza imbere imikorere ya moteri.
Ariko, iyo bigaragaye ko moteri igoye gutangira, umuvuduko wayo udahindagurika, kandi ikoreshwa rya lisansi ryiyongereye, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugomba gusimburwa ku gihe. Byongeye kandi, gusimbuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bigomba gukorwa n'abatekinisiye b'inzobere kugira ngo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wasimbuwe ushobore gukora neza kandi hirindwe izindi ngorane ziterwa no gukora nabi.
Imiterere ya koyili yo gushyushya. Koyili yo gushyushya igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: koyili yo gushyushya n'insinga ya kabiri. Koyili yo gushyushya ikozwe mu nsinga nini ifite enamel, impera imwe ifatanye n'aho umuriro uturuka ku modoka unyura, indi impera ifatanye n'igikoresho cyo guhindura umuriro (circuit breaker).
Umugozi wa kabiri ukozwe mu nsinga ntoya ifite icyuma, impera imwe ihujwe n'umugozi wa mbere, naho indi mpera ihujwe n'umugozi usohoka w'umugozi wa mbere kugira ngo utange amashanyarazi yagutse. Umugozi ujyanye n'umugozi ukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi ushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa rukuruzi bufunguye n'ubwoko bwa kabiri bwa rukuruzi bufunze. Umugozi usanzwe ukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi ufunguye, igice cyawo gikozwe mu cyuma cya silikoni cya 0.3mm, igice cya kabiri n'igice cya mbere gipfundikiye ku gice cy'icyuma; Umugozi wa mbere ufunze ufite igice cy'icyuma, igice cya kabiri gipfundikiye inyuma, kandi umurongo wa rukuruzi ugizwe n'igice cy'icyuma kugira ngo habeho umurongo wa rukuruzi ufunze.
Amabwiriza yo gusimbuza insinga z'umuriro. Gusimbuza insinga z'umuriro bigomba gukorwa n'umuhanga mu by'ubuhanga, kuko gusimbuza nabi bishobora gutuma habaho izindi ngorane. Mbere yo gusimbuza insinga z'umuriro, kuraho imodoka ku muriro w'amashanyarazi, ukureho insinga z'umuriro, kandi urebe niba ibindi bice byangiritse cyangwa byarashaje, nka plugs z'umuriro, insinga z'umuriro, na modules z'insinga z'umuriro.
Niba hari ibindi bice bigaragaye ko bifite ikibazo, nabyo bigomba gusimbuzwa. Nyuma yo gusimbuza imashini ikoresha umuriro, ni ngombwa gukora isuzuma rya sisitemu kugira ngo moteri itangire kandi ikore neza, kandi hirindwe ibintu bidasanzwe nko kugorana gutangira, kudakora neza kw'umuvuduko, no kongera gukoresha lisansi.
Akamaro k'icyuma gishyushya. Akamaro nyamukuru k'icyuma gishyushya ni uguhindura ingufu za voltage nkeya mu amashanyarazi afite voltage nyinshi kugira ngo gishyushye uruvange rwa gazi muri silinda no gusunika moteri kugira ngo ikore. Ihame ry'imikorere ry'icyuma gishyushya ni ugukoresha ihame ryo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu guhindura ingufu za voltage nkeya z'imodoka mo amashanyarazi afite voltage nyinshi, kugira ngo icyuma gishyushya kibone ibishashi kandi gishyushye gazi ivanze.
Bityo rero, imikorere n'ubwiza bwa coil yo gushyushya ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere isanzwe ya moteri. Iyo coil yo gushyushya inaniwe, bizatera ingorane mu gutangiza moteri, umuvuduko udahindagurika, ikoreshwa ry'amavuta ryiyongera n'ibindi bibazo, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano n'ihumure ry'imodoka.
Muri make, koyili yo gutwika ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gutwika moteri y'imodoka kandi igomba kugenzurwa no gusimburwa buri gihe kugira ngo moteri ikore neza. Mu gihe cyo gusimbuza koyili yo gutwika, abatekinisiye b'inzobere basabwa kwitondera kugenzura niba hari ibibazo ku bindi bice bifitanye isano, no gukemura ikibazo cy'iyi sisitemu kugira ngo hirindwe ibindi bibazo. Muri icyo gihe, tugomba no gusobanukirwa ihame ry'imikorere n'imiterere y'ikoyili yo gutwika kugira ngo turusheho kubungabunga no kubungabunga imodoka yacu.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha ibice by'imodoka bya MG & MAUXS.
