Itara.
Amatara yimodoka muri rusange agizwe nibice bitatu: itara, itara hamwe nindorerwamo ihuye (indorerwamo ya astigmatism).
1. Amatara
Amatara akoreshwa mumatara yimodoka ni amatara yaka cyane, amatara ya halogen tungsten, amatara mashya-yaka cyane amatara arc nibindi.
. Mugihe cyo gukora, kugirango wongere ubuzima bwa serivisi yumuriro, itara ryuzuyemo gaze ya inert (azote hamwe nuruvange rwa gaze ya inert). Ibi birashobora kugabanya guhumeka kwinsinga ya tungsten, kongera ubushyuhe bwa filament, no kongera imikorere yumucyo. Itara riva kumatara yaka rifite ibara ry'umuhondo.
. gaze ya tungsten ihumeka ivuye muri filament ikora hamwe na halogene kugirango itange tungsten halide ihindagurika, itandukana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru hafi ya filament, kandi yangirika nubushyuhe, kugirango tungsten isubizwe muri filament. Halogen yarekuwe ikomeje gukwirakwira no kugira uruhare mu myitwarire ikurikiraho, bityo uruziga rukomeza, bityo bikarinda guhinduka kwa tungsten no kwirabura kw'itara. Tungsten halogen itara rinini ni rito, igikonoshwa gikozwe mubirahuri bya quartz hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nimbaraga za mashini nyinshi, munsi yimbaraga zimwe, umucyo wamatara ya tungsten halogen wikubye inshuro 1.5 iy'itara ryaka, kandi ubuzima ni 2 kugeza Inshuro 3.
. Ahubwo, electrode ebyiri zishyirwa imbere muri tari ya quartz. Umuyoboro wuzuyemo xenon hamwe nicyuma (cyangwa ibyuma bya halide), kandi iyo hari ingufu za arc zihagije kuri electrode (5000 ~ 12000V), gaze itangira ionize no gutwara amashanyarazi. Atome ya gaze imeze neza kandi itangira gusohora urumuri bitewe ningufu zingufu za electron. Nyuma ya 0.1s, umwuka muke wa mercure uhumeka hagati ya electrode, kandi amashanyarazi ahita yimurirwa mumashanyarazi ya mercure arc, hanyuma akoherezwa mumatara ya halide arc nyuma yubushyuhe buzamutse. Umucyo umaze kugera ku bushyuhe busanzwe bwumuriro, imbaraga zo gukomeza gusohora arc ziri hasi cyane (hafi 35w), bityo 40% yingufu zamashanyarazi zirashobora gukizwa.
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Uruhare rwumucyo nugukora cyane polymerisiyasi yumucyo utangwa nigitereko mumatara akomeye kugirango yongere intera ya irrasiyo.
Imiterere y'ubuso bw'indorerwamo ni paraboloide izunguruka, muri rusange ikozwe muri 0,6 ~ 0.8mm y'urupapuro ruto rwerekana kashe cyangwa ikozwe mu kirahure, plastike. Ubuso bw'imbere busizwe na feza, aluminium cyangwa chrome hanyuma bigasukurwa; Filime iherereye ahantu h'indorerwamo, kandi imirasire yumucyo myinshi iragaragazwa kandi ikarasa kure nkibiti bisa. Itara ridafite indorerwamo rishobora kumurika gusa intera igera kuri 6m, kandi urumuri ruringaniye rugaragazwa nindorerwamo rushobora kumurika intera irenga 100m. Nyuma yindorerwamo, hari urumuri ruke rwatatanye, murirwo hejuru ntacyo rumaze rwose, kandi itara ryuruhande no hepfo rifasha kumurika hejuru yumuhanda no guhagarara kuri 5 kugeza 10m.
3. Lens
Pantoscope, izwi kandi nk'ikirahuri cya astigmatique, ni ihuriro rya prismes nyinshi zidasanzwe, kandi imiterere muri rusange ni umuzenguruko kandi urukiramende. Imikorere yindorerwamo ihuye nuguhindura urumuri ruringaniye rugaragazwa nindorerwamo, kugirango umuhanda uri imbere yimodoka ufite itara ryiza kandi rimwe.
Ubwoko
Sisitemu ya optique ya sisitemu ni ihuriro ryamatara, urumuri hamwe nindorerwamo. Ukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya sisitemu ya optique ya sisitemu, itara rishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: gufunga igice, gufunga no gushushanya.
1. Itara rifunze
Igice cyo gufunga amatara yaka indorerwamo hamwe nindorerwamo yibirahuri hamwe ntibishobora gusenywa, itara rishobora gutwarwa uhereye kumpera yinyuma yindorerwamo, icyuma gifunga igice cyamatara ni uko filament yatwitse ikeneye gusimbuza itara gusa, ibibi ni ugufunga nabi . Itara rihurijwe hamwe rihuza ibimenyetso byimbere byimbere, itara ryubugari bwimbere, itara ryinshi ryumucyo hamwe nurumuri ruto muri byose, mugihe urumuri na pantoskopi bikozwe muri rusange ukoresheje ibikoresho kama, kandi itara rishobora gutwarwa byoroshye kuva kuri inyuma. Hamwe n'amatara ahuriweho, abakora ibinyabiziga barashobora gukora ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwamatara ahuye nibisabwa kugirango barusheho kunoza ibinyabiziga byindege, ubukungu bwa lisansi nuburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga.
2. Amatara afunze
Amatara afunze nayo agabanijwemo amatara asanzwe afunze hamwe na halogen yometse kumatara.
Sisitemu ya optique yigitereko gisanzwe gifunze ni uguhuza no gusudira icyerekezo hamwe nindorerwamo ihuye muribyose kugirango bibe inzu yamatara, kandi filament irasudira kumutwe. Ubuso bwerekana ibyerekanwe na vacuum, kandi itara ryuzuyemo gaze ya inert na halogene. Ibyiza byiyi miterere nibikorwa byiza byo gufunga, indorerwamo ntizanduzwa nikirere, gukora neza cyane, hamwe nubuzima burebure. Ariko, nyuma ya filament imaze gutwikwa, itsinda ryose rimurika rigomba gusimburwa, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini.
3. Itara ryumushinga
Sisitemu ya optique yumutwe wamatara igizwe ahanini nigitereko cyamatara, icyerekezo, indorerwamo igicucu hamwe nindorerwamo ihuye. Koresha indorerwamo yibyimbye cyane idashushanyijeho indorerwamo, indorerwamo ni oval. Diameter yacyo yo hanze rero ni nto cyane. Amatara maremare afite ingingo ebyiri zibanze, icyambere cyibanze ni itara naho icya kabiri cyibanze mumucyo. Witondere urumuri unyuze mu ndorerwamo ya convex hanyuma ujugunye kure. Inyungu zayo nuko imikorere yibikorwa ari nziza, kandi inzira yayo yerekana inzira ni:
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Mugukoresha imodoka, ibisabwa kumatara ni: byombi kugira itara ryiza, ariko kandi wirinde guhuma amaso umushoferi wimodoka igiye kuza, bityo gukoresha amatara bigomba kwitondera ingingo zikurikira:
. Moderi zimwe zifite ibikoresho byohanagura amatara hamwe namazi.
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. Niba umubonano urekuye, mugihe itara ryaka, bizatanga ihungabana ryubu bitewe no kuzimya umuzunguruko, bityo gutwika filament, kandi niba umubonano uhumanye, bizagabanya umucyo wamatara bitewe Kuri kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'itumanaho ugabanuka.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi ngingo kururu rubuga!
Nyamuneka uduhamagarire niba ukeneye ibicuruzwa nkibi.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG & MAUXS ibice byimodoka ikaze kugura.
