Gufungura imodoka no gufunga
Mubisanzwe, imodoka igizwe nibice bine: moteri, chassis, umubiri nibikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Moteri ifite umurimo wo gutwika lisansi yagabanijwemo kugirango itange ingufu. Imodoka nyinshi zikoresha moteri yubwoko bwimbere imbere, ubusanzwe igizwe numubiri, uburyo bwo guhuza inkoni ihuza inkoni, uburyo bwa valve, sisitemu yo gutanga, sisitemu yo gukonjesha, sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta, sisitemu yo gutwika (moteri ya lisansi), gutangira Sisitemu n'ibindi bice.
Chassis, yakira imbaraga za moteri, ikora moteri yimodoka kandi igakomeza imodoka ikurikije ubugenzuzi bwumushoferi. Chassis igizwe nibice bikurikira: Driveline - Ihererekanyabubasha riva kuri moteri kugera kumuziga.
Sisitemu yo kohereza ikubiyemo clutch, ihererekanyabubasha, shitingi yoherejwe, axle yimodoka nibindi bice. Sisitemu yo gutwara - Iteraniro ryimodoka nibice byahujwe muri rusange kandi bigira uruhare runini mumodoka yose kugirango imodoka ikore neza.
Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga ikubiyemo ikadiri, umutambiko wimbere, inzu yimitambiko yimodoka, ibiziga (ibiziga na moteri), guhagarika nibindi bice. Sisitemu yo kuyobora - yemeza ko imodoka ishobora kugenda mu cyerekezo cyatoranijwe na shoferi. Igizwe nibikoresho byo kuyobora hamwe nicyapa cyo kuyobora hamwe nicyuma cyohereza.
Ibikoresho bya feri - bidindiza cyangwa bihagarika imodoka kandi byemeza ko imodoka ihagarara neza nyuma yuko umushoferi avuye mukarere. Ibikoresho bya feri ya buri kinyabiziga birimo sisitemu nyinshi yigenga ya feri, buri feri ya feri igizwe nibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kugenzura, ibikoresho byohereza na feri.
Umubiri wimodoka niho umushoferi akorera, ariko kandi nu mwanya wo gupakira abagenzi nimizigo. Umubiri ugomba gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora kubushoferi, kandi ugatanga ibidukikije byiza kandi byiza kubagenzi cyangwa kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bitameze neza.
Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bigizwe nitsinda ritanga amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gutangiza moteri na sisitemu yo gutwika, kumurika ibinyabiziga nigikoresho cyerekana ibimenyetso, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byinshi bya elegitoronike nka microprocessor, sisitemu ya mudasobwa nkuru hamwe nibikoresho byubwenge byashyizwe mumodoka zigezweho.
