Inzira y'imodoka: "Ikigo cy'imitsi" cy'ibinyabiziga bifite ubwenge n'uburyo bwo guhangana n'amakosa
Mu gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka zifite ubwenge kandi zihujwe, imodoka zavuye ku modoka zoroshye zikora imashini zikora imyitozo ngororamubiri zijya mu matsinda akomeye y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’amashanyarazi. Muri ubu buryo, module y’imodoka ifite uruhare runini nk’"ikigo cy’imitsi", ikora nk'umuhinduzi w’umuhanga kandi ikora neza kugira ngo itumanaho rirusheho kugenda neza hagati y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bitandukanye biri mu modoka ribe rimeze neza. Ariko, iyo iki gice cy’imodoka kinaniwe, imikorere myinshi y’imodoka izahungabanywa, ndetse n’umutekano wo gutwara imodoka ushobora kuba mu kaga.
Imikorere y'ingenzi ya Module y'Irembo ry'Imodoka
Guhuza Itumanaho n'Itumanaho Ibinyabiziga bigezweho bifite ibikoresho byinshi byo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga (ECU) nk'amashanyarazi, chassis, umubiri, na sisitemu z'imyidagaduro. Ibi bikoresho bikoresha porogaramu zitandukanye z'itumanaho nka CAN, LIN, na Ethernet, kimwe n'"amashami avuga indimi zitandukanye". Inshingano y'ibanze ya module y'irembo ni ugukora nk'"umusemuzi", uhindura ibimenyetso bivuye kuri porogaramu zitandukanye kugira ngo amakuru ahererekanywe neza hagati ya sisitemu. Urugero, ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko kiva kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi kigomba guhindurwa n'irembo mbere yuko yerekanwa icyarimwe kuri dashboard na ecran y'imyidagaduro; ikimenyetso cya LIN kiva kuri module y'irembo nacyo kigomba guhindurwa n'irembo mbere yuko kimenyekana na bisi ya CAN y'ingufu.
Gushyira ku rutonde rw'amakuru y'ingenzi Mu gihe imodoka ikora, amapaki amagana y'amakuru atangwa ku isegonda. Ibimenyetso bya feri, imiburo yo kugongana, n'andi makuru ajyanye n'umutekano bigomba koherezwa mbere na mbere, mu gihe amakuru y'imyidagaduro nko gucuranga umuziki no kuvugurura inzira ashobora gutunganywa nyuma. Porogaramu y'irembo ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyira ku murongo uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga, igatanga umurongo w'amakuru hakurikijwe amategeko y'ingenzi ya ISO 11898: ubutumwa bujyanye n'umutekano bufite umwanya w'ingenzi cyane, bugakurikirwa n'ubutumwa bwa sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, n'uburi hasi ku butumwa bwa sisitemu y'imyidagaduro. Ubu buryo bwo kugena amakuru burinda neza amakuru atari ingenzi cyane, butuma amabwiriza yihutirwa yoherezwa ku muvuduko wa milisegonda kandi bukarinda ibyago by'umutekano bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'amakuru.
Uburinzi bw'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga Uko imodoka zikoresha ubwenge zigenda zihuzwa n'imiyoboro yo hanze, ibyago by'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga nabyo biriyongera. Uburyo bwo kurinda imodoka ni "urukuta rw'umuriro" rw'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga w'imodoka, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo kwitandukanya ibikoresho kugira ngo bigabanye umuyoboro w'imodoka mu nzego zitandukanye z'umutekano, nko mu mutekano ukomeye w'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'imyidagaduro ufunguye. Iyo imodoka ivuguruye OTA cyangwa ihuzwa rya telefoni igendanwa, amarembo ayungurura kandi akagenzura amakuru yo hanze kugira ngo akumire kode mbi ku buryo idashobora kwinjira no kwirinda ko sisitemu zo kugenzura (nk'ubuyobozi na feri) zidakoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko.
Gusuzuma amakosa no gukurikirana uko ibintu bimeze Itsinda ry’ingoboka rikora kandi akazi ko kugenzura uko ibintu byose bihagaze kuri ECU z’imodoka. Rikusanya amakuru akoreshwa mu buryo bw’igihe nyacyo aturutse kuri ECU zirenga 50 mu modoka yose, harimo voltage, ubushyuhe, na codes z’amakosa, kandi rikabikwa mu bubiko budahindagurika. Abashinzwe kubungabunga bashobora gusoma amakuru y’ingoboka bakoresheje igikoresho cyabugenewe cyo gusuzuma, bagashaka vuba module ifite amakosa, bakagabanya igihe cyo gusuzuma amakosa ho hafi 40%, cyane cyane ku makosa rimwe na rimwe. Byongeye kandi, itsinda ry’ingoboka rishobora gutuma no kugenzura imikorere y’imiyoboro yo mu gace, rigatuma sisitemu yose y’imiyoboro ikora neza.
Amakosa n'ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya Module y'Irembo ry'Imodoka
Imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga Ibimenyetso bigaragara cyane by'uko amarembo yangiritse ni imikorere mibi cyangwa idasanzwe y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Urugero, sisitemu z'imyidagaduro nka navigation, amajwi, na Bluetooth ntizikora neza, imikorere y'umubiri nko gufunga inzugi, kuzamura no kugabanya amadirishya, no guhindura indorerwamo inyuma, ndetse na ecran yo hagati ishobora kongera gutangira cyangwa kwirabura. Nyiri BMW 3 Series yavuze ko hakunze kubaho kuzimya umuriro muri sisitemu yo navigation, nyuma byaje kugaragara ko biterwa n'aho bisi ya CAN ya module ya gateway yavuye, bigatuma kohereza amakuru bihagarara.
Imurika ridasanzwe ry'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga Amatara y'ikosa Iyo irembo ritabashije kohereza amakuru aturutse mu buryo butandukanye neza, amatara arwanya gusimbuka, ikosa ryo gufunga, feri y'ikoranabuhanga, umufuka w'umwuka, n'ibindi byose biri ku gice cy'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bishobora kugaragara, mu gihe sisitemu zijyanye na byo zishobora kuba zidafite ikibazo. Ubwo bwoko bw'"intabaza y'ibinyoma" bushobora kuyobya ba nyir'imodoka, bigatera impungenge zidafite ishingiro ndetse bikanagaragaza ubusumbane mu kohereza no gutunganya amakuru y'irembo.
Guhuza umuyoboro w'itumanaho n'imodoka idakora neza, guhagarara k'umurongo w'irembo bishobora no gutuma habaho guhuza imiyoboro y'itumanaho ry'imodoka ku buryo budasanzwe, nko kudashobora guhuza imiyoboro idafite insinga, ibimenyetso bya WIFI bidakora neza, bibuza ikoreshwa ry'imikorere y'ubwenge nko gukoresha interineti no kugenzura kure. Mu bihe bikomeye kurushaho, ibibazo nko kudatangira cyangwa kuzimya mu buryo bwikora mu isegonda rimwe bishobora kubaho. Ibi biterwa nuko sisitemu yo gutangiza ikoresha imikoranire ya module nyinshi, kandi guhagarara k'umurongo w'irembo bihagarika isano iri hagati yazo.
Ingaruka zishobora guterwa na sisitemu y'umutekano Iyo ikibazo cyo kwinjira mu muhanda kigize ingaruka ku ihererekanya ry'ibimenyetso byo kugenzura kuri sisitemu z'ingenzi nka feri n'ubuyobozi, bizateza ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano. Urugero, nyiri Audi Q5L yafashe feri mu buryo butunguranye maze atakaza uburyo bwo kugenzura accelerator ubwo yari atwaye imodoka. Nyuma yo kugenzura, byagaragaye ko amazi yinjiraga mu ntebe y'inyuma maze anyobwa muri module y'irembo, bigatuma habaho guhagarara k'uruziga bityo bigatuma sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikora neza.
Gukemura no gukumira ikibazo cy'ihungabana rya module ya gateway
Gusana imodoka ku gihe no gusuzuma indwara. Iyo imodoka igaragaje ibimenyetso bidasanzwe byavuzwe haruguru, ni ngombwa kuvugana n'abatekinisiye b'inzobere vuba. Binyuze mu gikoresho cyo gusuzuma, soma amakuru y'ikosa yabitswe mu irembo, hanyuma umenye neza ikibazo. Mu gihe cyo gusana, hagomba kwitabwaho guhitamo ibice by'umwimerere by'uruganda. Irembo rya kabiri ry'uruganda rishobora kugira ibibazo byo kudahuza na protocole, bigatera amakosa mashya nko kuba imodoka itajya mu buryo bwo gusinzira cyangwa bateri ikabura umuriro. Nyuma yo gusimbuza irembo, ni ngombwa kandi gukoresha igikoresho cyo gusuzuma cy'uruganda kugira ngo wandike kode ya VIN y'imodoka n'amakuru ajyanye n'imiterere yayo kugira ngo module ikore neza.
Amabwiriza yo kubungabunga buri munsi Mu gihe utwaye imodoka buri munsi, irinde gushyiraho ibikoresho bidakomeye. Niba insinga zihujwe neza n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'irembo, biroroshye gutuma umuriro urenga urugero kandi ugatwika module. Mu gihe woza imodoka, witondere kwirinda amazi. Irembo rikunze gushyirwa munsi y'ikibaho cyangwa ku ruhande rw'inyuma y'imodoka. Ntukihutire gutera amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi kuri utwo duce ukoresheje imbunda y'amazi, kuko kwinjira mu mazi bishobora gutuma amafaranga yo gusana agera kuri nibura amayuni amagana. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe ukora isuku buri kilometero ibihumbi 2-3, saba umutekinisiye kugenzura aho insinga z'irembo zihagarara, koza ivumbi na okiside kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwangirika.
Nubwo module y'irembo ari nto, ifitanye isano n'imikorere isanzwe y'imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi y'ikinyabiziga. Gusobanukirwa imikorere yacyo n'ibimenyetso by'ikosa, gukora isuku ya buri munsi no gusana ku gihe, bishobora gutuma imodoka ifite ubwenge iguma mu buryo bwiza kandi bigatanga uburambe bwo gukora ingendo mu mutekano no mu buryo bworoshye ku bashoferi n'abagenzi.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
