Inshingano y'ingenzi y'ihuriro ry'icyuma giteranya umwuka gikoresha imodoka
Iteraniro ry'akayunguruzo k'umwuka k'imodoka rishobora gufatwa nk'"umurinzi utagaragara" wa moteri. Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'ikinyabiziga, kigira uruhare runini rw'ingenzi.
Ubwa mbere, ikora nk' "ingabo" ku bice by'ingenzi bya moteri. Utwuma tw'umwuka twiza cyane dushobora gushungura imyanda irenga 99% ifite umurambararo wa mikorometero ≥ 5, bikarinda neza uduce duto nk'umukungugu, umucanga, impongo, nibindi kwinjira muri silinda, bityo birinda kwangirika kudasanzwe kw'ibice nka piston, inkuta za silinda, na valve bitewe n'imyanda yinjira. Iyo akayunguruzo k'umwuka kamaze igihe kirekire gafunze, igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa moteri kiziyongeraho inshuro 3 - 5, byongera cyane ibyago byo gukurura silinda, gutwika amavuta, n'ibindi bibazo. Mu bidukikije byumye kandi by'umucanga, hatabayeho kurinda akayunguruzo k'umwuka, uduce duto twinjira hagati ya piston na silinda dushobora no guteza "gukurura silinda" bikomeye.
Icya kabiri, bifitanye isano n'ingufu z'ikinyabiziga n'uburyo lisansi ikoreshwa. Iyo akayunguruzo k'umwuka kafunze kugeza kuri 30%, ubushobozi bwo kwinjira buziyongera cyane, bigatuma moteri idakoresha lisansi neza. Muri iki gihe, ECU izahindura ingano y'amavuta kugira ngo ikomeze gushya, ariko ubusumbane mu mvange buzatuma ingufu zigabanuka hagati ya 5% na 10%, kandi ikoreshwa rya lisansi kuri kilometero 100 riziyongeraho litiro irenga 1. Nubwo akayunguruzo k'umwuka gakora neza gashobora kwemeza ko umwuka winjira muri moteri ari mwiza kandi uhagije, bigatuma habaho uruvange rwiza rwa lisansi n'umwuka byo gutwika, bigatuma moteri ikora neza kandi igakoresha lisansi neza.
Byongeye kandi, ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza ibidukikije bitwikwa no kongera igihe cy'akazi k'amavuta ya moteri. Umucyo usukuye ushobora kugabanya 50% cyangwa birenga by'ibice bya karuboni ku mugozi, ibyuma bitanga umuriro, n'icyumba cyo gutwika, bikagabanya amahirwe yo kunyeganyega, intege nke zo kwihuta, nibindi biterwa n'ibice bya karuboni. Imyanda idafunguye yinjira muri moteri izivanga n'amavuta ya moteri, bikihutisha ogisijeni n'umwanda wayo. Kuyungurura neza bishobora gusubiza uruziga rwo gusimbuza amavuta asanzwe ya mineral kuva kuri kilometero 3.000 kugeza kuri kilometero 7.500, kandi uruziga rwo gusimbuza amavuta yuzuye ashobora no kongerwa hakurikijwe ibyo, bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyasana ho hafi 60%.
Byongeye kandi, amwe mu matsinda y’ibikoresho by’umwuka byahujwe ashobora no gufasha mu gusukura umwuka wo imbere, gukumira ibintu byangiza nka PM2.5, impongo, ibinyabutabire bya sulfure, nibindi, bigatuma abagenzi bagira ibidukikije byiza kandi bishimishije, cyane cyane bifitiye akamaro abantu bafite allergie. Ariko kandi, ifite n’ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zo kugabanya amajwi, ikagabanya kandi ikabuza urusaku rw’imodoka ruturuka muri moteri kugira ngo ibidukikije byo imbere bibe bituje.
Amakosa n'ingaruka zisanzwe z'iteraniro ry'umwuka w'imodoka
Mu gihe kirekire gikoreshwa, icyuma giteranya umwuka gikoresha imodoka gishobora no kugira amakosa atandukanye, bigatera ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'ikinyabiziga.
Kuziba ni cyo kibazo gikunze kugaragara cyane. Uko igihe cyo gukoresha kigenda cyiyongera, imyanda mu kirere igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro ku cyuma gitunganya umwuka, igafunga imyenge yacyo kandi ikongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira. Ibi bizatuma moteri idakoresha moteri neza, ingufu nke zisohoka, ndetse n'ibintu nko kwihuta buhoro no gutinda mu gihe ukandagira accelerator, cyane cyane iyo uyirenze cyangwa uyikoresha cyane. Muri icyo gihe, lisansi ntishobora gushya neza, bigatuma lisansi ikoreshwa nabi, lisansi ikoreshwa ku kigero cya 5% - 20%, ndetse na litiro 3 - 5 ziyongera ku binyabiziga bya mazutu. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, moteri izongera gutakaza karubone, yihutishe kwangirika kw'ibice byayo kandi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya moteri no ku gihe cyo kuyimara.
Kwangirika nabyo ni ikibazo kidashobora kwirengagizwa. Imodoka zinyura mu bice bitose, zigakorwaho n'imbaraga zo hanze, cyangwa zigakora igihe kirekire zifite umutwaro mwinshi zishobora gutuma icyuma gitunganya umwuka kidahinduka cyangwa imigozi igacika. Muri iki gihe, umwuka udafite akayunguruzo winjira muri moteri mu buryo butaziguye, aho uduce turenze mikorometero 0.5 twinjira mu cyumba cyo gutwika, bingana no gusuka garama 5 z'imyanda ya sandpaper muri moteri ku munsi, bikongera inshuro 6 z'umuvuduko udasanzwe w'inkuta za silindiri n'impeta za piston. Ikirenzeho, ubushuhe budafite akayunguruzo buzagira ingaruka ku byuma bivanze na okiside ya hydrochloric ikora aside ya hydrochloric ihumanya, bigatuma umubiri wa silindiri ucika.
Ubushuhe bugira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y’itsinda ry’umwuka uyungurura. Iyo ukoresha imodoka ahantu hatose cyangwa unyuze mu bice byuzuye amazi, iyo agafunga k’umwuka kadafunze, ubushuhe bushobora kwinjira mu gice cy’imbere cy’umwuka uyungurura, bigatuma utose. Imikorere y’umwuka uyungurura amazi iragabanuka kandi ishobora gukura. Igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibihumyo kiba inshuro eshatu ugereranyije n’imimerere isanzwe. Mu masaha 24, utudomo tugaragara dushobora kubaho. Utu dukoko ntitwangiza gusa imiterere y’impapuro ziyungurura kandi tugabanya ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura ku kigero cya 30%, ahubwo tunatanga udukoko twanduza indwara binyuze mu buryo bwo kwinjiramo dushobora kwinjira mu cyumba cy’imodoka. Guhumeka igihe kirekire bishobora gutera impumuro mbi y’ubuhumekero n’indwara z’ubuhumekero.
Gukumira no guhangana n'ibibazo byo guteranya ibyuma biyungurura umwuka
Kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyuma bitera umwuka bitagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibinyabiziga, ba nyir'imodoka bagomba kwitondera isuku ya buri munsi. Muri rusange, ibinyabiziga bikorera mu mijyi bigomba gusimbuzwa ibyuma bitera umwuka buri kilometero 1 - 2; ku binyabiziga bikorera mu ivumbi, igihe cyo gusimbuza kigomba kugabanywa kikagera kuri kilometero 5000 cyangwa amezi 3. Mu gihe cyo kubungabunga buri munsi, ni ngombwa kugenzura isuku n'ubuziranenge bw'icyuma gitera umwuka. Ibikoresho bitera umwuka bishobora gusukurwa uhereye imbere ukoresheje umwuka ufunze, kandi gukaraba amazi birabujijwe; ibyuma bitera amavuta bisaba ibikoresho byihariye byo gusukura no kwita ku mavuta yo kubungabunga. Niba usanze icyuma gitera umwuka cyaranduye kandi cyanduye, cyangiritse kandi kiva, cyangwa gifite ibimenyetso by'uburiganya nko kugabanuka k'ingufu, ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kuri lisansi ryiyongera, n'imyuka y'umwotsi w'umukara, ugomba guhita usimbuza icyuma gitera umwuka.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
