Igikoresho cyo gutangiza imodoka ni iki?
Imashini itangira imodoka ni igice gihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi zituruka kuri batiri mo ingufu za mekanike kugira ngo iyobore urukiramende rwa moteri. Igizwe na moteri ya DC, uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa, na switch igenzura amashanyarazi. Voltage yayo igabanyijemo ubwoko bwa 12V na 24V, kandi imiterere y'umutwe w'amenyo irimo imiterere y'igipfundikizo n'idafite igipfundikizo. Igihe cyo gukora cy'imashini zo mu rugo ni hafi imyaka 6 cyangwa kilometero 100.000, mu gihe iy'isosiyete ifatanyije n'iy'imashini zitumizwa mu mahanga ishobora kugera ku myaka 10 cyangwa kilometero 200.000. Mu gihe ikora, ibikoresho biyobora mashini ikoresha impeta y'imashini itwara ubutumwa kugira ngo yohereze torque, moteri iratangira kandi ikavaho burundu nyuma y'ibyo. Iyi switch igenzura uburyo uruziga ruhuriramo kandi rudacika.
Iki gice gisimbura uburyo busanzwe bwo gutangiza hakoreshejwe intoki, kikaba imiterere rusange. Dukurikije itandukaniro riri mu buryo bwo kohereza, gigabanyijemo ubwoko nk'ubwoko bwo guhatira kwinjira, ubwoko bwo kugenda kw'imashini, n'ubwoko bwo kugabanya. Ubwoko bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi bugenzurwa kure hakoreshejwe relays zijya ku murongo mukuru kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu modoka, moteri zitanga moteri, n'imashini ziremereye. Mu gihe cyo kubungabunga, ni ngombwa kugenzura ubusaza bw'ibikoresho, aho bihurira n'imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, n'imiterere y'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, hibandwa cyane ku ijwi ridasanzwe riterwa no kwinjira ku buryo budasanzwe kw'ibikoresho bitwara n'impeta y'ibikoresho biguruka. Uburyo bwo gukora mu gihugu bumaze gukura, bigatuma kigira igipimo cyo hejuru cy'ikiguzi n'imikorere.
Ihame ry'imikorere y'iki gice ni inzira yo guhindura ingufu ishingiye ku itegeko rya Ampere twahuye naryo muri fiziki y'amashuri yisumbuye, ni ukuvuga imbaraga zikora ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu butaka bwa rukuruzi. Moteri irimo ibice by'ingenzi nka armature, commutator, pole magnetic, brushes, bearings, na casing.
Mbere yuko moteri ikora ku ngufu zayo, igomba kuzunguruka hakoreshejwe imbaraga zo hanze. Uburyo moteri ihinduka ikava mu buryo ihagaze ikagera ku kuba ishobora gukora ku giti cyayo hakoreshejwe imbaraga zo hanze bwitwa gutangiza moteri. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutangiza moteri burimo gutangiza intoki, gutangiza moteri y'inyongera ya lisansi, no gutangiza amashanyarazi. Gutangira intoki bikorwa no gukurura umugozi cyangwa kuwuzunguza n'intoki, ibyo biroroshye ariko ntibigoye kandi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi. Bikwiriye gusa moteri ntoya kandi bigumana uburyo bwo kwitabwaho mu modoka zimwe na zimwe; gutangiza moteri y'inyongera ya lisansi ahanini bikoreshwa kuri moteri nini za mazutu; uburyo bwo gutangiza amashanyarazi bworoshye gukoresha, butangira vuba, bufite ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo gutangira, kandi bushobora kugenzurwa kure, bityo bukoreshwa cyane mu modoka zigezweho.
Mu gihe cyo gukora ibizamini by'imodoka, tugomba gukora ibizamini byo mu muhanda. Ariko, mu gihe cyo gukora ibizamini byo mu muhanda, tugomba gusuzuma imikorere y'ingufu z'imodoka. None se, imikorere y'ingufu z'imodoka ni iyihe?
Imikorere y'ingufu z'imodoka yerekeza ku gikorwa cyo gutwara mu muhanda ugororotse, gishobora kugenwa n'imbaraga zo hanze zigenda zigana kure. Ni ubushobozi bwo kugera ku muvuduko mpuzandengo w'ingufu zo gutwara. Dukurikije ibi bisobanuro, dushobora kubona ko ku muhanda, ugomba kuba uri hejuru, urwego cyangwa uburebure bwiza, kandi uburyo bwo kugenda bushobora kuba inzira igororotse. Ku bintu by'ingufu zo hanze, bishobora kugenwa n'imbaraga zo hanze zigenda kure kugira ngo urugendo rugire ubushobozi runaka.
Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi bwo kugenda, hari ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi, nko umuvuduko ntarengwa w'imodoka, igihe cyo kwihuta, n'umusozi ntarengwa wo kuzamuka. Ku binyabiziga bigenda mu muhanda uringaniye, niba bishobora kugera ku muvuduko wo hejuru, tubyita umuvuduko ntarengwa. Ku bijyanye n'igihe cyo kwihuta, akenshi ni igihe cyo kwihuta kuva aho bitangirira kuruhuka n'igihe cyo kwihuta igihe cyo kurenga. Iki gihe kigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kwihuta bw'imodoka. "t" ihagarariye igihe kuva aho itangirira kuruhuka, ubusanzwe iba iri muri vitesi ya mbere cyangwa iya kabiri kugira ngo itangire, hanyuma vitesi zihindurirwa buhoro buhoro. Iyo igeze ku ntera runaka yagenwe, igihe gisabwa ku muvuduko w'ikinyabiziga ni igihe kuva aho itangirira. Igihe cyo kwihuta igihe cyo kurenga gishobora kandi kugaragazwa na "t". Ku binyabiziga bimwe na bimwe bifite vitesi ya kabiri iri hejuru, umuvuduko wazo ni hafi 30 cyangwa 4, kandi kwihuta kose bifata igihe runaka ku mihanda imwe n'imwe.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
