Igikoresho cyo gukata imodoka ni iki?
Imashini ihindura imiterere y'imodoka, akenshi yerekeza ku gikoresho gikoresha amashanyarazi muri sisitemu yo gupima igihe cy'ingufu zihinduka (VVT), izwi kandi nka camshaft phase regulator cyangwa timing regulator. Si igikoresho cyigenga cya "phase shifter" ahubwo ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gupima igihe cy'ingufu zisohora moteri, ishinzwe guhindura mu buryo buhamye igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga cy'ingufu zinjira cyangwa zisohora umwuka hashingiwe ku muvuduko wa moteri, umutwaro, n'ibindi bikorwa, kugira ngo hongerwe ingufu zisohoka, imicungire y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, n'imikorere y'ingufu zisohoka.
Inshingano yayo y'ingenzi ni uguhindura inguni y'icyiciro kiri hagati ya camshaft na crankshaft, bityo bigatuma habaho igihe cy'ingufu zihindagurika. Igihe gakondo cya valve idahinduka ntigishobora guhinduka bitewe n'imiterere yose y'imikorere, mu gihe icyuma gihindura icyerekezo gishobora kugera ku "guhindura mu buryo bw'ubwenge":
Ku muvuduko muto n'imizigo mike: Hindura ifunguro rya valve yo kwinjira kugira ngo wongere ingano y'ingufu zo kwinjira, wongere imbaraga n'ubushyuhe.
Ku muvuduko mwinshi n'imizigo myinshi: Tinza gufunga valve yo kwinjira, wifashishije ingaruka zo kwinjira kugira ngo wongere imikorere myiza yo gusharija no kongera imbaraga zisohoka.
Ubwoko n'amahame ngiro y'imikorere y'impinduka z'icyiciro
Hydraulic phase shitter (ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe)
Itwarwa n'umuvuduko w'amavuta ya moteri binyuze mu byuma by'imbere bifite ishusho y'icyuma cyangwa ibyuma, bihindura aho biherereye hagati ya camshaft n'uruziga rw'umunyururu. Valve igenzura amavuta (OCV) igenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amavuta hakurikijwe itegeko rya ECU kugira ngo igere ku gihe cyangwa gutinda.
Imiterere: Harimo stator, rotor, icyumba cya hydraulic, lock pin, na return spring, nibindi.
Imbogamizi: Umuvuduko wo guhindura no gukoresha neza bigengwa n'umuvuduko w'amavuta ya moteri n'ubushyuhe, kandi akenshi bishobora guhindurwa gusa uhereye ku "gihe cy'ibanze" mu cyerekezo kimwe.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho (ikoranabuhanga rihindura amashanyarazi)
Itwarwa na moteri mu buryo butaziguye, ihuza itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko uzenguruka hagati ya camshaft, umugozi w'uruhererekane, na moteri binyuze mu buryo bw'imirongo itatu kugira ngo hagerwe ku ihinduka ryihuse kandi rinoze.
Ibyiza: Gusubiza vuba, gukoresha neza uburyo bwo kugenzura, kudahinduka bitewe n'imiterere y'amavuta ya moteri, no kwihutisha guhindura imiterere y'imodoka.
Ingaruka mbi: Irahenze kurusha ubwoko bwa hydraulic, ubu ikoreshwa cyane mu modoka zigezweho.
Ubwumvikane buke busanzwe bwasobanuwe
Sensor y'icyiciro ≠: Sensor y'icyiciro (nk'iy'icyiciro cya camshaft) ni "ijisho" rimenya aho valve iherereye, mu gihe sensor y'icyiciro ari "ukuboko" bikora ihinduka.
Ihinduranya ry'impinduka ≠ cyangwa modulator y'ibimenyetso: Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitari iby'imodoka bivuga "ihinduranya ry'impinduka ry'impinduka" bivuga guhinduranya ihinduranya ry'ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga, bitajyanye n'imiterere ya moteri.
Imashini ikata imodoka ni imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi kuri moteri zigezweho kugira ngo zigere ku musaruro mwiza, kurengera ibidukikije, no gukora neza. Ituma igihe cy'ifungura n'ifunga ry'imodoka gihinduka neza, bigatuma moteri "ihumeka" neza mu bihe bitandukanye by'akazi. Muri iki gihe, ubwoko bw'imodoka bukoreshwa cyane ni hydraulic, mu gihe ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi buri kugenda buhinduka ikintu kizaba kigezweho mu gihe kizaza.
Ijambo "chopper" mu bijyanye n'imodoka rishobora kuba ritari ryo. Icyo dukunze kuganiraho ni icyuma gipima umuriro (kizwi kandi nka volteji), ari na cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwo gusharija imodoka kandi kikaba gishinzwe gushimangira ingufu z'amashanyarazi zituruka kuri generateri. Iyo binaniranye, bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku itangwa ry'amashanyarazi n'imikorere y'imodoka.
Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe, impamvu, n'ibisubizo ku makosa ari mu igenzura ry'imashini zikora moteri z'imodoka:
Ikosa nyamukuru rigaragara:
- Itara ridasanzwe ryerekana bateri: Itara ryerekana bateri (ryarija) riri kuri dashboard rihora ricanye cyangwa ricana, ari na ryo ritanga umuburo utaziguye, rigaragaza ko sisitemu yo gusharija idakora neza.
- Umuvuduko udasanzwe wa batiri:
- Umuvuduko muke (munsi ya 12V): Bitera gusharija batiri ku buryo budahagije, bigatera ingorane zo gutangiza ikinyabiziga, amatara adakora neza, imikorere idahwitse y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no kuzimya moteri mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe utwaye.
- Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi (uri hejuru ya 14.5V): Bitera umuriro mwinshi wa bateri, byihutisha ikoreshwa rya electrolyte iri muri bateri, bikabyimba, bikangirika, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, bishobora gutera ibyago byo guturika kwa bateri.
- Kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'imodoka: Bitewe n'amashanyarazi adakora neza, bishobora gutera imikorere idasanzwe y'icyuma gicunga moteri (ECU), bigatuma moteri itigita, umuvuduko udahagije, umuvuduko udahoraho, ndetse na moteri igahagarara mu buryo butunguranye.
- Ingufu z'amashanyarazi: Amatara y'imodoka, sisitemu z'amajwi, amadirishya, n'ibindi, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'igihe gito, urumuri rudasanzwe, cyangwa kwangirika mu buryo butaziguye bitewe n'amashanyarazi adahindagurika.
Impamvu zisanzwe zitera ikosa:
- Intege nke z'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga: Transistors z'imbere mu kirere (FETs) cyangwa transistors za Darlington ziri mu cyuma gipima umuriro zishobora kwangirika cyangwa gufunguka bitewe n'amashanyarazi menshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangwa gusaza, ari na yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma umuriro udahindagurika (waba uri hejuru cyane cyangwa uri hasi cyane).
- Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije: Ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gice cya moteri, ubushuhe, no gutwara imodoka igihe kirekire mu mihanda irimo imigozi byihutisha gusaza kw'imashini igenzura imodoka.
- Ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi muri generator: Iyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zisohoka muri generator zidahamye cyangwa umutwaro uhindagurika cyane, byongera umutwaro kuri regulator, bigatuma ikora kenshi kandi ishobora no kuyingiza.
- Ibibazo by'insinga: Amaplagi yo guhuza adakora neza, yangiritse, cyangwa imiyoboro yo guhuza yacitse kandi ifite umurongo mugufi na byo bishobora kubuza icyuma gigenzura gukora neza.
Uburyo bwo gusuzuma no gukemura ikibazo:
- Isuzuma ry'ibanze: Ubwa mbere, reba uko urumuri rw'ikimenyetso cyo gusharija ruhagaze kuri dashboard hanyuma upime voltage hagati y'aho bateri ihagarara ukoresheje multimeter (mu gihe moteri irimo gukora). Voltage isanzwe igomba kuba hagati ya 13.8V na 14.5V. Iyo voltage iri hasi cyane cyangwa hejuru cyane, muri rusange bishobora kugaragara ko regulator cyangwa moteri ifite ikibazo.
- Gusuzuma indwara z'umwuga: Ni byiza gusura iduka ry'umwuga risana imodoka. Abatekinisiye bazakoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo gusuzuma indwara kugira ngo basome kode z'amakosa kandi bakore igenzura ryimbitse ry'icyuma gitanga umuriro, icyuma gipima, n'icyuma cyose gitanga umuriro kugira ngo bamenye neza aho ikibazo kiri.
- Gahunda yo gusana:
- Simbuza umugenzuzi: Ku bagenzura ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, iyo byemejwe ko byangiritse, kubisimbuza mu buryo butaziguye ni cyo gisubizo cyihuse kandi cyizewe.
- Reba neza insinga: Mbere yo gusimbuza regulator, menya neza ko imirongo yo guhuza n'insinga zikoreshwa mu gufunga bimeze neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice gishya cyangirika bitewe n'ibibazo by'insinga.
- Reba generator: Hari igihe amakosa ari muri generator ubwayo (nk'uburoso, ibikoresho bikosora) nabyo bishobora kugaragara nk'ibibazo by'abagenzura, bityo bigomba gusuzumwa hamwe.
Icyitonderwa: "Imashini ikoresha ikoranabuhanga" ivugwa kuri interineti ikoreshwa mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa drones kandi ni ikintu gitandukanye rwose n'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi kigenzura imodoka. Hariho kandi "imashini igenzura" muri sisitemu y'umwuka ikora ku modoka, ariko akazi kayo ni ukugenzura uburyo imyuka ifunguka n'ifunga, kandi ntaho bihuriye na sisitemu yo gusharija. Kugira ngo umenye neza ko imodoka ifite umutekano, niba hari kimwe mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru kigaragaye, nyamuneka banza ugenzure umuhanga ako kanya. Ntugatware imodoka ifite ikibazo.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
