Imikorere y'icyuma gipima umwuka wa ogisijeni inyuma y'imodoka
Muri sisitemu yo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere y’imodoka, sensor y’inyuma ya ogisijeni, nubwo ari ntoya, igira uruhare runini nk’"icyuma gipima imyuka inyuma". Imikorere yayo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere ya moteri n’ubwiza bw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Gusobanukirwa imikorere yayo, ibimenyetso by’amakosa, n’impamvu ni ingenzi cyane ku ba nyir’ibinyabiziga mu gutwara imodoka zabo za buri munsi no kubungabunga imodoka.
Inshingano nyamukuru ya sensor ya ogisijeni y'inyuma ni ukugenzura uburyo isukura neza ya converter ya catalytic ifite inzira eshatu. Ishyirwa inyuma ya converter ya catalytic ifite inzira eshatu kandi ikamenya ingano ya ogisijeni mu mwuka wa exhaust wasukuwe, igasubiza amakuru kuri unit igenzura ikoranabuhanga rya moteri (ECU). ECU igereranya amakuru ava kuri sensor ya ogisijeni y'imbere (yashyizwe kuri exhaust manifold, igenzura ingano ya ogisijeni mu mwuka wa exhaust wa mbere) kugira ngo imenye niba converter ya catalytic ifite inzira eshatu ikora neza. Mu bihe bisanzwe, nyuma yo gusukurwa na converter ya catalytic ifite inzira eshatu, ingano ya ogisijeni mu mwuka wa exhaust iguma ihamye, kandi ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso bya sensor ya ogisijeni y'inyuma riba rito cyane ugereranyije n'iry' sensor ya ogisijeni y'imbere; niba itandukaniro ry'ibimenyetso hagati yabyo bibiri rigabanuka cyangwa rigahinduka rimwe, bigaragaza ko converter ya catalytic ifite inzira eshatu ishobora kuba yarananiwe kandi ntishobora guhindura neza imyuka yangiza. Byongeye kandi, amakuru aturuka kuri sensor ya ogisijeni y'inyuma anafasha ECU mu kunoza ingano y'ibikomoka kuri lisansi, mu buryo butaziguye kwemeza ko moteri ikora neza.
Iyo sensor y'umwuka wa ogisijeni inyuma inaniwe, imodoka izagaragaza ibimenyetso bitandukanye bidasanzwe, bigira ingaruka mbi ku bunararibonye bw'imodoka ndetse n'imikorere yayo. Ikimenyetso kigaragara cyane ni ugukora kw'itara ry'ikosa rya moteri. Iyo ikimenyetso cy'ikosa kidasanzwe, mudasobwa iri mu ndege izatera itara ry'ikosa. Hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gusuzuma OBDII, hashobora gusomwa kode z'ikosa zijyanye nacyo nka P0136 na P0141. Ingufu zigabanuka nazo ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara. Bitewe n'uko sensor idashobora kugaragaza neza amakuru y'umubumbe wa ogisijeni, kugenzura ingano ya lisansi muri ECU biba atari byo, bigatuma umuriro utwika cyane cyangwa ugabanuka, imikorere yo gutwika igabanuka, kwihuta buhoro, imbaraga zidahagije zo kuzamuka, ndetse n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko, gutigita k'umubiri, cyangwa ndetse na moteri igahagarara idakora. Muri icyo gihe, ikoreshwa rya lisansi rizazamuka cyane. Amakuru agaragaza ko ikosa rya sensor y'umwuka wa ogisijeni inyuma rishobora gutuma ingano y'ikoreshwa rya lisansi yiyongeraho kuva kuri 5% kugeza kuri 10% mu ngano y'ikoreshwa rya lisansi. Ku modoka y'umuryango ifite ibirometero 20.000 buri mwaka, ikoreshwa ry'inyongera rya lisansi rishobora kugera kuri litiro 900 buri mwaka, bigatera igihombo gikomeye mu bukungu. Imyuka ihumanya nayo izaba idasanzwe. Imyuka ihumanya ikirere idasukuye ishobora kugaragara nk'umukara kandi ifite impumuro mbi, atari ukwangiza ibidukikije gusa ahubwo no gutuma imodoka itsindwa ikizamini cy'imyuka mu igenzura rya buri mwaka. Hari imodoka zimwe na zimwe zishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso byihishe nko gutinda gukonja, kunyeganyega gato mu gihe cyo gutangiza icyuma gikonjesha, ndetse na moteri igahagarara, ibyo ba nyirabyo bakabirengagiza.
Impamvu zitera sensor ya ogisijeni inyuma ziragoye kandi ziratandukanye. Zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu. Icya mbere, ibibazo by'ubwiza bwa lisansi. Amavuta mabi arimo sulfur, lisansi, nibindi, azakora urwego rw'ubwandu ku buso bwa sensor nyuma yo gushya, bikabangamira ikwirakwira rya iyoni za ogisijeni kandi bigatera gutinda cyangwa guhindagurika kw'ibimenyetso; inyongera za silikoni zizarema kristu z'umweru ku gice cyo kumva, bigatera kugabanuka gutunguranye k'ubuhanga bwo kumva ku kigero kirenga 60%. Icya kabiri, uruziga n'ibice byazo bisaza. Insinga z'icyuma cya sensor zihura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe bwinshi igihe kirekire, kandi urwego rwo gukingira rushobora gusaza, ogisijeni y'ibihuza izongera ubushobozi bwo gukorana, kandi uruziga rwo gushyushya rwacitse ruzabuza ibice kugera ku rugero rwo gukora rwa 300°C, bigatera ibimenyetso bidasanzwe byakirwa na ECU. Icya gatatu, ubwinshi bwa karuboni n'umwanda. Gushya kutuzuye muri moteri bituma moteri ikora ubwinshi bwa karuboni, cyangwa amavuta, umukungugu, nibindi, byinjira mu gice cyo gukorera cya sensor, bigatwikira urwego rw'ikintu cyo kumva kandi bikabangamira uburyo umwuka wa ogisijeni ubonekamo. Cyane cyane iyo imodoka imaze gukora ibirometero birenga 80.000, ubwiyongere bw'ibice bya karuboni bushobora kugera kuri mm 0.2-0.5, bigabanura cyane imikorere ya sensor.
Mu gihe uhanganye n'ikibazo cy'ihungabana ry'inyuma ry'ibikoresho byo gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni, ba nyir'imodoka bagomba gufata ingamba ku gihe. Mu gihe cyo gutwara imodoka buri munsi, hitamo sitasiyo yujuje ibisabwa yo kongeramo lisansi no gukoresha imashini zisukura sisitemu ya lisansi buri gihe kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika kwa sensor guterwa n'imyanda; kurikiza inama ziri mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza yo kubungabunga imodoka, kurikirana umurongo w'ibimenyetso bya sensor buri kilometero 30.000, kandi ukore isuku y'umwuga buri kilometero 50.000 kugira ngo wirinde ko karubone yiyongera. Niba imodoka igaragaje ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, igomba gupimwa vuba mu kigo cy'umwuga cyo gusana. Binyuze mu kugereranya imiterere y'imashini n'ubundi buryo, yemeza imiterere ya sensor. Mu gihe usimbura sensor, ni byiza guhitamo ibice by'umwimerere by'uruganda. Igipimo cyo kongera kugaruka kw'ibi bice ni 8% gusa, kiri hasi cyane ya 35% by'ibice bya nyuma. Nyuma yo gusimbuza, ibipimo bya ECU bigomba gusubizwaho kugira ngo imodoka igaruke mu mikorere yayo isanzwe.
Imashini ipima umwuka wa ogisijeni inyuma ni ingenzi mu buryo bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikinyabiziga. Imikorere yayo ihamye niyo garanti y’imikorere myiza ya moteri no kubahiriza imyuka ihumanya. Gusa iyo ushyize agaciro ku ruhare rwayo, gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso by’ikosa n’impamvu, no gukora isuku ihoraho no gusana ku gihe, imodoka ihora imeze neza, bityo bigabanye ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha kandi ikagira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
