Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'iteranya rya piston
Muri sisitemu y'imikorere ya moteri y'imodoka, "impandeshatu y'icyuma" igizwe na piston, impeta za piston, n'udupira twa piston ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu kohereza ingufu.
Piston ishobora gufatwa nk'"ihindura ingufu" rya moteri. Ihangana n'umuvuduko ukomeye uturuka ku myuka itwika muri silinda kandi yohereza imbaraga binyuze kuri piston pin ijya ku nkoni ihuza, amaherezo igatwara crankshaft kugira ngo izenguruke kandi igahindura ingufu za shimi za lisansi mo ingufu za mekanike zo kugenda kw'imodoka. Muri icyo gihe, hejuru ya piston n'umutwe wa silinda, urukuta rwa silinda bihuriza hamwe icyumba cyo gutwika, bitanga umwanya wo gutwika neza lisansi kandi bigatuma piston irangiza imirongo itatu y'inyongera yo kwinjira, gukanda, no gusohora amazi munsi y'umurongo uhuza, bigatuma moteri ikora neza.
Impeta ya piston ni "umurinzi w'imikorere myinshi" wa moteri, igabanyijemo impeta z'umwuka n'impeta z'amavuta. Impeta y'umwuka ishinzwe gufunga icyumba cyo gutwika n'agasanduku k'icyuma, ikarinda gusohoka kwa gaze y'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ikajyana 70%-80% by'ubushyuhe kuva hejuru ya piston ikajya ku rukuta rwa silinda, hanyuma ikajugunywa n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa piston bitewe no gushyuha cyane. Impeta y'amavuta ni nk'"umucunga amavuta", ikuramo amavuta arenze ku rukuta rwa silinda kugira ngo wirinde ko yinjira mu cyumba cyo gutwika bigatuma "amavuta atwika", kandi icyarimwe igakora agace k'amavuta ku rukuta rwa silinda kugira ngo igabanye gushya no kwangirika hagati ya piston n'urukuta rwa silinda. Byongeye kandi, impeta ya piston ishobora gutanga inkunga kuri piston kugira ngo hirindwe kugongana ku rukuta rwa silinda no kugabanya urusaku n'ihindagurika ry'amazi.
Ipine ya piston ni "ikiraro cy'amashanyarazi" gihuza piston n'inkoni ihuza, yohereza neza umuvuduko wa gaze utwarwa na piston ku nkoni ihuza kugira ngo ihinduke kuva ku ngendo ya piston ijyana ku yindi kugeza ku ngendo y'inkoni ihuza. Kugira ngo imbaraga nyinshi zikwirakwizwe, inyinshi zishyiraho ipine yuzuye, bigatuma ipine ya piston izenguruka buhoro buhoro mu ntebe ya piston n'umutwe muto w'inkoni ihuza, bigatuma ikoreshwa rimwe; zimwe muri moderi zishyiraho ipine ihuza igice, zigashyiraho ipine ya piston n'umutwe muto w'inkoni ihuza hakoreshejwe bolts, bigatuma imiterere iba mito.
Amakosa n'ibimenyetso bisanzwe
Iteranya rya piston rikora igihe kirekire mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'imimerere yo gukururana cyane, kandi rishobora kugira amakosa atandukanye, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya moteri.
Impeta ya piston ni igice gifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gucika intege, kandi kwangirika ni cyo kibazo gikunze kugaragara. Gucika intege igihe kirekire n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bizatuma icyuho kiri hagati y'impeta ya piston n'urukuta rwa silinda cyiyongera, bigabanye ubushobozi bwo kuziba, bigatuma moteri idakoresha ingufu zihagije, lisansi ikoreshwa cyane, ndetse no "gutwika amavuta" aho umuyoboro w'amazi usohora umwotsi w'ubururu. Iyo impeta ya piston ifatiwe bitewe n'isuka ya karubone cyangwa igatakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhindagurika, bizanatera ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko wa silinda, bigatera kunyeganyega gutigita, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wa crankcase, n'ibindi bibazo. Impeta ya piston yacitse irushaho kuba mbi cyane, aho igice cya perita cyacitse gishobora gushwanyaguza urukuta rwa silinda, bigatera silinda gufata kandi bikabuza moteri gukora.
Kunanirwa kwa piston bigaragazwa ahanini n'urusaku rudasanzwe no kwangirika. Iyo piston n'umutwe muto w'icyuma gihuza cyangwa umwobo w'intebe ya piston byangiritse cyane kandi hakabaho icyuho, moteri itanga ijwi risobanutse kandi rihindagurika iyo idakora, kandi ijwi rirakomera iyo yihuta. Iyo amavuta adahagije, piston nayo izahura n'isuri, bigatuma habaho guhuza nabi hagati y'aho ihurira ndetse n'urusaku rudasanzwe; cyane, piston ishobora kunanirwa no gucika, bigatera piston kwangirika, ndetse no gutobora silinda.
Ikosa rya piston ubwayo ririmo gushya hejuru, kwangirika kw'ijipo, no gufatirwa kwa silinda. Igice cyo hejuru cya piston, gikozwe n'umwuka ushyushye cyane n'umuvuduko mwinshi igihe kirekire, gikunze kugira imyobo cyangwa imitumba, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yo gufunga icyumba cyo gutwika, bigatuma imbaraga za moteri zigabanuka. Kwangirika kw'ijipo byongera icyuho kiri hagati ya piston n'urukuta rwa silinda, bigasenya ubwiza bw'icyuma cy'amavuta, kandi byongera kwangirika no gusohoka kwa gaze. Gufatirwa kwa silinda ni ikibazo gikomeye cy'uko piston na silinda byananiwe gukorana, akenshi biterwa no gupfuka silinda ku buryo butari bwo, kwangirika kwa sisitemu yo gukonjesha, cyangwa amavuta adahagije yo kwisiga, bigatuma silinda ikora nabi, ubushyuhe bwa moteri bugabanuka, ndetse no ku buryo butaziguye.
Ingamba zo gusuzuma amakosa n'uburyo bwo kuyakemura
Mu gihe uhuye n'ibibazo byo guteranya piston, gusuzuma no kuyifata ku gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo moteri irambe.
Ku bijyanye n'ikosa ry'impeta ya piston, igenzura ry'imbere rishobora gukoreshwa hifashishijwe endoscope kugira ngo harebwe aho karuboni iri hejuru ya piston n'ibizamini by'umuvuduko w'impeta cyangwa silinda bishobora gukorwa. Niba umuvuduko wa silinda ari usanzwe ariko amavuta akaba menshi cyane, birashoboka ko impeta ya piston yananiwe gufunga. Ku bijyanye n'ikosa rito rya karuboni rituma ifata gato, kongeramo igikoresho cyo kurekura impeta ya piston bishobora kugerageza. Ku bijyanye n'ikosa rikomeye cyangwa ryangiritse, impeta za piston zigomba gusimbuzwa. Mu bihe bikenewe, imiterere y'ikosa rya piston n'umugozi wa silinda nabyo bigomba kugenzurwa icyarimwe.
Urusaku rudasanzwe ruturuka ku gipfundikizo cya piston rushobora kumenyekana binyuze mu isuzuma ryo kuzimya umuriro: iyo urusaku rugabanutse cyangwa rukabura nyuma yo guka umuriro, akenshi ruterwa n'igipfundikizo cya piston cyacitse; iyo urusaku rurushijeho kuba akajagari, rushobora guterwa no gusibangana cyane. Mu gihe cyo kurukemura, igipfundikizo cya piston cyashaje kigomba gusimbuzwa, kandi imiterere y'ubusaza bw'inkoni ihuza n'umwobo w'intebe ya piston nayo igomba kugenzurwa. Nibiba ngombwa, hagomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimbuzwa.
Gusuzuma amakosa ya piston bisaba gusuzuma neza ibimenyetso. Urugero, umwotsi w'ubururu uva mu muyoboro w'imyotsi ushobora kugaragaza ko impeta ya piston yangiritse cyangwa piston ikurura liner ya silindiri. Iyo imbaraga za moteri zigabanutse hamwe n'umuvuduko udasanzwe w'icyumba cyo gutwika, ni ngombwa kugenzura ibyangiritse hejuru ya piston. Iyo piston yacitse cyane, yambaye ku ijipo, cyangwa ikuwe muri silindiri, ubusanzwe biba ngombwa gusimbuza piston, kandi impamvu z'amakosa ya sisitemu zo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta zigomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko yongera kugaragara.
Mu gihe cyo kubungabunga buri munsi, gusimbuza amavuta meza ya moteri buri gihe, kugumisha akayunguruzo k'umwuka gasukuye, no kwirinda gukoresha umutwaro mwinshi igihe kirekire bishobora kugabanya kwangirika kw'ibice bya piston no kongera igihe cyo gukora moteri.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
