Igice cyo hagati cy'imodoka: Ishingiro ry'ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi no gukemura ibibazo
Muri sisitemu ikomeye yo kohereza ingufu z'imodoka, umugozi wo hagati ugira uruhare runini. Ukora nk'ikiraro, uhuza ingufu zituruka kuri moteri n'ibisabwa mu gutwara imodoka. Gusobanukirwa uruhare, ibimenyetso by'uko umugozi wo hagati wangiritse, n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga umugozi wo hagati ni ingenzi cyane mu kwemeza imikorere myiza y'ikinyabiziga n'umutekano wo gutwara.
Imikorere y'ingenzi y'agace k'imodoka gaherereye hagati
Umugozi wo hagati uherereye cyane cyane imbere muri kontineri. Imikorere yawo y'ibanze igaragarira mu kohereza ingufu, guhinduranya ibikoresho no guhindura torque, ndetse no kunoza uburyo bwo gutwara neza.
Ubwa mbere, kohereza no kunoza ingufu. Ku modoka zikoresha moteri hagati (MR) cyangwa izikoresha moteri hagati (4MR), umugozi wo hagati ushobora kohereza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa moteri ku mapine ayobora, bigabanye igihombo cy'amashanyarazi, kandi ubushobozi bwo kohereza ingufu busanzwe buri hejuru ya 5%-8% ugereranyije n'imiterere y'amapine y'imbere. Imbere muri kohereza, umugozi wo hagati uhuza umugozi wa mbere (umugozi winjira) n'umugozi wa kabiri (umugozi usohoka), kandi binyuze mu mikorere y'uburyo bwo guhinduranya ingufu, bituma ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa, bigatuma umugozi wa kabiri utanga umuvuduko utandukanye wo kuzenguruka, kuyobora n'umuvuduko ukurikije ibyo gutwara bikenewe, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwihuta ku mikorere n'imiterere y'imodoka. Urugero, muri kohereza umugozi wo hagati hagati, buri mugozi wo hagati utwara 1/2 cy'umuvuduko, gukoresha imigozi ibiri yo hagati bishobora kugabanya intera yo hagati ya kohereza, kugabanya ubunini bwa vitesi, kugabanya ingano ya axial, kugabanya uburemere, no icyarimwe, kwemeza ko ingufu zihoraho.
Icya kabiri, guhindura uburemere. Imiterere y'aho icyuma cyo hagati giherereye igira ingaruka ku kigero cy'uburemere bw'ikinyabiziga kuva imbere kugeza inyuma. Ku modoka zikora siporo zifite uburemere bwa 50:50, imiterere y'icyuma cyo hagati ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi. Igipimo cy'uburemere gikwiye gishobora gutuma ikinyabiziga gihora gihagaze neza mu gihe cyo gutwara, bikanoza imikorere yacyo, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gusimbuka cyane no kwirinda gutunguranye, aho bishobora kugabanya kuzunguruka no kunyeganyega kw'umubiri.
Amaherezo, gushyigikira umuvuduko w'imodoka. Mu gihe cyo guhindura inzira yihuta cyane cyangwa izunguruka, umugozi wo hagati ushobora gukumira inzira yo ku ruhande rw'imodoka. Dukurikije ubunararibonye, ku modoka zifite umugozi wo hagati ukomeye, inguni yo ku ruhande ishobora kugabanukaho 10%-15%. Umugozi wo hagati ukunze guhuzwa n'ibikoresho (bigaragaza imiterere isa n'umunara, izwi cyane nka ibikoresho by'umunara), iyi miterere ihujwe yongera ubukana bwa sisitemu yo gutwara, igabanya inzira yo gutwara ingufu, igabanya neza igihombo cya mekanike, kandi yongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imitwaro y'impanuka mu bihe bigoye byo gukora. Amakosa asanzwe n'ibimenyetso by'umugozi wo hagati w'imodoka
Mu gihe kirekire ukoresha icyuma cyo hagati, hashobora kubaho amakosa atandukanye, agira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y'ikinyabiziga ndetse akanashyira mu kaga umutekano w'ikinyabiziga.
Urusaku rudasanzwe ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara by’amakosa yo hagati. Iyo ikinyabiziga gitangiye cyangwa cyihuta mu buryo butunguranye, urusaku rw’icyuma "rucurama" cyangwa "rucurama" rwumvikana hagati muri chassis. Ibi akenshi biterwa no kwangirika kw’igice cy’umugozi wo hagati cyangwa guturika kw’umukungugu. Gukoresha ubuso bwashaje igihe kirekire no gutakaza ubukana mu gice gifatanye bizatera urusaku rudasanzwe mu gihe cyo gukora; ibibazo bya sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta, nko kudakoresha amavuta bihagije, kwangirika kw’amavuta, cyangwa inzira ya peteroli yazibye, bizatera guhindagurika kw’amajwi iyo umugozi urimo gukora ku muvuduko mwinshi; gushyiraho nabi mu gihe cyo gusana no gusana, aho uhagaze nabi, cyangwa amaboliti adafunguye, bigatera imbaraga zidasanzwe ku mugozi, nabyo bizatera urusaku rudasanzwe; niba hari ibibazo by’ubwiza nk’inenge mu gihe cyo gukora, urusaku rudasanzwe narwo ruzaba. Byongeye kandi, urusaku rudasanzwe rwumvikanye iyo umugozi uzungurutse, kandi rimwe na rimwe ijwi rikomeye "rikanda", rishobora kuba ari ikosa ry’umugozi wo hagati (umugozi unyura, umugozi unyura).
Gutigita ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe cy’ikosa ry’umugozi wo hagati. Mu gihe utwaye imodoka wihuta cyane (urengeje kilometero 80 ku isaha), umubiri w’imodoka ugaragaza gutigita guhoraho. Nyuma yo gukuraho ikibazo cy’ihindagurika ry’amapine, birashoboka ko ihindagurika ry’umugozi wo hagati ryananiwe. Gutigita kw’ihindagurika ry’umugozi wo hagati bizatera gutigita gutunguranye mu gihe cy’imikorere y’imodoka, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye bwo kugenda, ndetse binatere kwangirika kw’ibindi bice by’imodoka.
Gutinda kw'amashanyarazi nabyo ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ikosa ry'imirongo yo hagati. Iyo ukandagiye kuri accelerator, ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi ntirigenda neza, kandi kwihuta kw'amashanyarazi kuragenda buhoro. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'icyuho kinini cyo guhuza ingufu bitewe no kwangirika kwa spline y'imirongo yo hagati. Gutinda kw'amashanyarazi bizagabanya imikorere y'umuvuduko w'imodoka, kandi mu bihe nko kurenga umuvuduko n'ibibazo byihutirwa, bishobora guteza impanuka z'umutekano.
Gutunganya no gukemura ikibazo cy'umugozi wo hagati w'imodoka
Kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukora cy’umuyoboro wo hagati no kugabanya ibibazo, kubungabunga buri munsi ni ingenzi cyane.
Gusuzuma buri gihe ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umugozi wo hagati. Ni byiza kugenzura niba umukungugu w'umugozi wo hagati wangiritse kandi niba igice cy'umubiri cyose kidakora neza buri kilometero 20.000. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu kwirinda kwangirika kw'umugozi wo hagati. Muri icyo gihe, witondere kugenzura ingano y'amavuta n'ubwiza bw'amavuta yo kwisiga kugira ngo umenye neza imikorere isanzwe y'uburyo bwo kwisiga kandi wirinde kwangirika n'urusaku rudasanzwe ruterwa no kwangirika kudahagije.
Gutunganya amavuta yo kwisiga nabyo ntibikwiye kwirengagizwa. Iyo umukungugu utwikiriye, igice cy’umubiri gishobora gusigwa amavuta buri kilometero 40.000 kugira ngo cyongere igihe cyo gukora. Mu gihe wongera gushyiramo icyuma cyo hagati nyuma yo gusana cyangwa gusana, menya neza ko aho gishyirwa ari heza, imbaraga zo gufunga bolt zujuje ibisabwa, kandi wirinde urusaku rudasanzwe n’amakosa aterwa no gushyiraho nabi.
Kwirinda gutwara imodoka mu buryo bukabije na byo ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umugozi wo hagati. Kwihuta cyane no gufunga feri bizongera umutwaro ku mugozi wo hagati. Dukurikije uburambe, igihe cyo kumara umugozi wo hagati mu modoka zitwaye imodoka mu buryo bukabije kizagabanukaho 30%.
Iyo umugozi wo hagati wananiwe, ni ngombwa gukora isuku no gusimbuza ku gihe. Ku makosa adasanzwe y'urusaku, ni ngombwa gukora iperereza no gukemura impamvu yihariye, nko gusimbuza igice cy'umubiri cyashaje, gusana cyangwa gusimbuza igipfundikizo cy'umukungugu, kongeramo amavuta yo kwisiga, nibindi. Ku makosa yo kunyeganyega no gutinda k'amashanyarazi, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukora ikosora ry'uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y'umubiri ku mugozi wo hagati cyangwa gusimbuza ibice byangiritse. Mu gusimbuza umugozi wo hagati, ni byiza guhitamo ibikoresho by'umwimerere byo mu rugo cyangwa verisiyo nziza zitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bw'isuku.
Muri make, umugozi wo hagati w'imodoka ni ingenzi mu buryo bwo kohereza ingufu z'imodoka, kandi uruhare rwayo ntirushobora gusimburwa. Mu gusobanukirwa imikorere y'umugozi wo hagati, ibimenyetso by'amakosa, n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga, ba nyir'imodoka bashobora kurushaho kwemeza imikorere n'umutekano w'imodoka, bigatuma gutwara imodoka byoroha kandi birushaho gutuma irushaho kuba nziza.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
