Igikoresho cyo Gukonjesha Imodoka: Uruhare rw'Umurinzi w'Ingufu n'Ibimenyetso by'Ikosa
Mu muryango wa moteri zifite turbocharger, icyuma gikonjesha umwuka gifata nta gushidikanya ko ari cyo "gikingira ingufu". Kigaragara nk'aho gito ariko gifite uruhare runini mu kongera ingufu no kurinda moteri. Muri icyo gihe, gucika kwayo bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi nyinshi ku mikorere y'imodoka, bigasaba abashoferi kuyikurikirana igihe cyose.
1. Imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye: Imfashanyigisho ya moteri zikoresha turbocharged
Moteri zifite turbocharger zongera ingano y'umwuka ujya mu kirere binyuze mu gukanda umwuka, bityo bikongera imbaraga. Ariko, mu gihe cyo gukanda, ubushyuhe bw'umwuka buzamuka cyane, bukagera kuri dogere selisiyusi 150 cyangwa zirenga. Ukwiyongera k'ubushyuhe kugabanya ubucucike bw'umwuka n'umubumbe wa ogisijeni, bigira ingaruka ku buryo moteri ikoresha charger neza. Muri iki gihe, icyuma gikonjesha umwuka ujya mu kirere kiratangira gukora.
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'icyuma gikonjesha umwuka ni ukugabanya ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ufunze. Binyuze muri sisitemu zo gukonjesha umwuka cyangwa gukonjesha amazi, gishobora gukonjesha umwuka ushyushye ujyamo kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 50-80. Umwuka ukonje mwinshi ushobora kongera ingano y'umwuka ujyamo ku kigero cya 30%, bigatuma umuriro wuzuye wa lisansi n'ingufu nyinshi zisohoka. Amakuru agaragaza ko mu gihe kimwe cy'ikigereranyo cy'umwuka na lisansi, buri dogere selisiyusi 10 zigabanuka mu bushyuhe bwa turbocharged bushobora kongera ingufu za moteri ku kigero cya 3% kugeza kuri 5%.
Uretse kongera imbaraga, icyuma gikonjesha umwuka ujya mu kirere ni nacyo "kirinda" moteri. Umwuka ushyushye udakonjeshejwe winjira mu cyumba gitwikwa utera ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, byongera cyane ibyago byo guturika, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, byangiza piston, valves, n'ibindi bice. Ikigo gikonjesha umwuka ujya mu kirere gishobora kugabanya ibyago byo guturika ku kigero kirenga 60%, kandi ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ujya mu kirere bushobora kandi kugabanya ingano ya NOx mu byuka bya moteri, bikagabanya imyuka mibi ku kigero cya 20%-30%, bigafasha ibinyabiziga kubahiriza amahame akomeye y'imyuka ihumanya.
Ku bijyanye no gukoresha lisansi mu buryo buciriritse, icyuma gikonjesha umwuka gifata lisansi nacyo gikora. Umwotsi ukonjesha ufite ubucucike bwinshi ushobora kongera 15% by'ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo lisansi mu buryo bufatika, hamwe no kugenzura neza igipimo cy'umwuka n'amavuta, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kwa 5%-8% mu gukoresha lisansi. Moteri zifite turbocharger zifite ibyuma bikonjesha umwuka bitwara lisansi bigabanukaho 10%-15% ugereranyije na moteri zikoresha ubwazo zifite ingufu zimwe. Mu turere turi mu misozi miremire, icyuma gikonjesha umwuka gifata lisansi gishobora kongera ubucucike bw'imodoka ku kigero cya 25%, hamwe na turbo ifite igipimo cyo gukanda cyane, bikagabanya igihombo cy'ingufu kuva kuri 35% kugeza kuri 15%, bigatuma imodoka zigumana ingufu zikomeye ndetse no mu mihanda iri mu misozi miremire.
2. Ikosa: Ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'uko icyuma gikonjesha gifata umwuka kidakora neza
Iyo icyuma gikonjesha umwuka ujya mu modoka kibuze, imodoka ihita yohereza "ikimenyetso cy'umutekano". Abashoferi bagomba kuba maso kuri ibi bintu bidasanzwe.
Kugabanuka kw'ingufu ni cyo kigaragara cyane. Iyo icyuma gikonjesha umwuka ujyamo kibuze, umwuka ushyushye ntushobora gukonjeshwa neza, bigatuma ubucucike bw'umwuka ujyamo bugabanuka. Mu gihe cyo kwihuta cyane, turbo irakora buhoro buhoro, umuvuduko wa moteri uzamuka ariko umuvuduko w'imodoka ntuzamuka cyane. Iyo irenze cyangwa izamuka, hazabaho ibura ry'ingufu rigaragara. Ibikorwa bitari ngombwa mbere bizagorana cyane, kandi uburyo bwo gutwara buzagabanuka cyane.
Ubwiyongere bukabije bw'ikoreshwa rya lisansi nabwo ni ikimenyetso gikunze kugaragara. Gukonjesha umwuka bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kwinjira, kandi lisansi ntishobora gutwikwa neza. Mu gihe kimwe, inshuro zo kongeramo lisansi ziyongera cyane, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukoresha imodoka kiziyongera cyane. Muri icyo gihe, gutwika bidahagije bizatera umwotsi w'umukara mu mashini isohora umwuka, ibyo bikaba byangiza ibidukikije gusa ahubwo bikaba ikimenyetso cy'imikorere idasanzwe ya moteri.
Igikoresho gikonjesha umwuka gifata kidakora neza gishobora no kwangiza imbere muri moteri. Iyo igikonjesha cy’umwuka gifata kiva cyane, uduce tw’umucanga dushobora kwinjira muri silinda, bigatera kwangirika kwa silinda, bigatera moteri kudakora neza, kunyeganyega ku buryo budasanzwe, ndetse n’urusaku. Gutwika bidakora neza igihe kirekire bizatera ubwinshi bwa karuboni ku mitwe ya silinda n’imitwe ya silinda, bigatera ingorane zo gucana kwa moteri, kudakora neza, no gusimbuka nabi mu gihe utegereje amatara yo ku muhanda. Mu gitondo, bizatwara igihe kirekire gutangiza imodoka, kandi igikonjesha kizaba gihagaze neza mu gihe utegereje amatara yo ku muhanda.
Byongeye kandi, binyuze mu gupima OBD, kwiyongera kudasanzwe k'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ujyamo bishobora kugaragara. Igikoresho gikonjesha umwuka ujyamo gishobora gukonjesha umwuka ufunze kuva kuri 200°C kugeza kuri 50-80°C. Iyo gikoze nabi, ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ujyamo bushobora kurenga 100°C, kandi ubushyuhe bwinshi buhoraho butera guturika. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, bizangiza piston na silindiri. Iyo icyuma gikonjesha kivuye mu gikoresho gikonjesha amazi, cyangwa niba hari ibizinga by'amavuta ku buso bw'icyuma gikonjesha umwuka, bizagira ingaruka ku buryo ubushyuhe bushira kandi bigatera amakosa menshi.
III. Gutunganya buri munsi: Komeza Intercooler "kuri interineti"
Kugira ngo intercooler ikomeze gukora neza, ni ngombwa kuyibungabunga buri munsi. Ni byiza gusukura aho intercooler ikoresha buri kilometero 20.000, cyane cyane nyuma yo gutwara intera ndende, kugira ngo wirinde ko ivumbi riziba kandi rigire ingaruka ku buryo ubushyuhe bugenda neza. Muri icyo gihe, genzura buri gihe umuyoboro w'amazi ujyamo. Niba hagaragaye ibizinga by'amavuta, bishobora kuba biterwa n'udupfundikizo dutera ubusa, kandi bigomba gusimburwa ku gihe. Mu gihe ukoresha antikonjeze mu gihe cy'itumba ryo mu majyaruguru, hitamo uburyo bufite ubushyuhe bwa -35°C kugira ngo wirinde intercooler gukonjesha imbere.
Kugira ngo urebe niba intercooler irimo kuva amazi, ushobora kongeramo umuti wa sodium carbonate wa 2% kuri dogere selisiyusi 70 kugeza 80 kuri intercooler kugeza yuzuye. Tegereza iminota 15 urebe niba hari amazi arimo kuva. Niba hari amazi arimo kuva amazi, bigomba gusanwa ku gihe.
Nubwo intercooler atari yo igaragara cyane ku modoka, igira uruhare runini mu gutanga ingufu, kurinda moteri, no gukoresha lisansi neza. Gusobanukirwa imikorere yayo, kumenya ibimenyetso bya fault yayo, no kuyikora neza buri gihe bishobora gutuma moteri ifite turbocharger iguma mu mwanya mwiza kandi bigaha umushoferi uburambe bwo gutwara neza.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
