Impeshyi y'ibaluni.
Isoko y'isaha ikoreshwa mu guhuza umufuka munini w'umwuka (uri ku igare) n'umugozi w'umufuka w'umwuka, ahanini ukaba ari igice cy'umugozi w'icyuma. Kubera ko umufuka munini w'umwuka ugomba kuzunguruka n'umugozi, (ushobora gufatwa nk'umugozi w'icyuma ufite uburebure runaka, uzingiye ku mugozi w'umugozi w'umugozi, iyo uzunguruka n'umugozi, ushobora gusubizwa inyuma cyangwa gupfunyika cyane, ariko kandi ufite umupaka, kugira ngo uruziga rw'umugozi rube ibumoso cyangwa iburyo, umugozi w'icyuma ntushobora gukurwaho), bityo umugozi w'icyuma uhuza ugomba gusiga agace. Menya neza ko umugozi uhindukirira ku ruhande aho umupaka ugarukira nta gukurwaho. Aha hantu mu gushyiraho ni ukwitaho cyane, uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo umenye neza ko uri hagati.
Intangiriro y'ibicuruzwa
Iyo imodoka igize impanuka, sisitemu y'umwuka ikora neza cyane mu kurinda umutekano w'umushoferi n'umugenzi.
Muri iki gihe, sisitemu y'imyotsi ikoresha umwuka muri rusange ni sisitemu imwe y'imyotsi ikoresha umuvuduko wo kuyobora imodoka, cyangwa sisitemu y'imyotsi ibiri. Iyo imodoka ifite imyotsi ibiri n'imikandara yo kwitegura umukandara w'intebe igize impanuka, hatitawe ku muvuduko, imyotsi n'imikandara yo kwitegura umukandara w'intebe bikorera icyarimwe, bigatuma imyotsi itakaza igihe cy'impanuka zo mu muhanda zigenda buhoro, ibyo bikaba byongera ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga cyane.
Sisitemu y'ibikapu bibiri by'umwuka, mu gihe habaye impanuka, ishobora guhitamo gukoresha gusa icyuma gikingira umukandara w'intebe cyangwa icyuma gikingira umukandara w'intebe hamwe n'icyuma gikingira umukandara w'indege bibiri icyarimwe hakurikijwe umuvuduko n'umuvuduko w'imodoka. Muri ubu buryo, mu gihe habaye impanuka ku muvuduko muto, sisitemu ishobora gukoresha imikandara y'intebe gusa kugira ngo irinde umutekano w'umushoferi n'abagenzi, idapfushije ubusa imikandara y'umwuka. Niba umuvuduko urenze kilometero 30 ku isaha mu mpanuka, umukandara w'intebe n'igikapu cy'umwuka bikoreshwa icyarimwe, kugira ngo birinde umutekano w'umushoferi n'umugenzi.
Ihame ry'imikorere
Iyo imodoka igize impanuka ihita igwa, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini ikoresha umwuka iramenya imbaraga z'impanuka
(kugabanya umuvuduko) birengeje agaciro kagenwe, mudasobwa y'umufuka w'umwuka ihita ihuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi urimo guturika mu gikoresho gishyushya, igatwika icyuma gishyushya mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi urimo guturika, maze umuriro ugatwika ifu yo gutwika n'umuyoboro wa gazi, bigatanga gazi nyinshi kuri 0. Mu masegonda 03, umufuka w'umwuka urashyuha, umufuka w'umwuka urakura cyane, ugaca mu gipfukisho cy'umurimbo ku ruziga rw'imodoka ukagera ku mushoferi n'umukara, ku buryo umutwe w'umushoferi n'umukara n'igituza bakandagira ku mufuka wuzuye gazi, bigafasha umushoferi n'umukara, hanyuma bagasohora gazi mu mufuka w'umwuka.
Agafuka k'umwuka gashobora gukwirakwiza imbaraga z'impanuka mu mutwe no mu gituza ku buryo bungana, bikarinda umubiri w'umugenzi woroshye kugongana n'umubiri, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo gukomereka. Agafuka k'umwuka karinda abagenzi mu gihe habayeho impanuka imbere, nubwo umukandara w'intebe utambaye, udukapu tw'umwuka dukingira impanuka turacyafite akamaro gahagije ko kugabanya imvune. Dukurikije imibare, mu gihe habayeho impanuka imbere n'imodoka ifite udukapu tw'umwuka, urwego rw'imvune z'umugenzi rushobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri 64%, ndetse na 80% by'abo bagenzi ntibambara imikandara y'intebe. Kugongana kw'intebe ku ruhande no inyuma biracyaterwa n'imikorere y'umukandara w'intebe.
Byongeye kandi, ingano y'iturika ry'umufuka w'umwuka ni desibeli 130 gusa, iri mu rugero rworoshye kwihanganira umubiri w'umuntu; 78% bya gazi iri mu mufuka w'umwuka ni azote, ihoraho cyane kandi ntigira uburozi, ntacyo itwaye umubiri w'umuntu; Ifu isohoka iyo iturika ni ifu ishyira amavuta ikomeza umufuka w'umwuka upfunyitse kandi ntufatane, kandi ntacyo itwaye umubiri w'umuntu.
Ibintu byose ni inkota ifite ubugi bubiri, kandi agafuka k'umwuka na ko gafite uruhande ruto rudakora neza. Dukurikije imibare, iyo imodoka igenda kuri kilometero 60 ku isaha, ingaruka zitunguranye zizatuma imodoka ihagarara mu masegonda 0.2, kandi agafuka k'umwuka kazasohoka ku muvuduko wa kilometero 300 ku isaha, kandi imbaraga zikomoka kuri ako gafuka ni kilometero 180, ibyo bikaba bigoye kwihanganira ku mutwe, ijosi n'ibindi bice by'umubiri by'umuntu bishobora kwangirika. Kubwibyo, niba inguni n'imbaraga by'agafuka k'umwuka bisohotse nabi gato, bishobora guteza "amakuba".
Mu modoka, sensor eshatu zihora zishyira amakuru y’impinduka z’umuvuduko kuri controller y’ikoranabuhanga, controller y’ikoranabuhanga ihora ibarura, isesengura, igereranya kandi igasuzuma, kandi iba yiteguye gutanga amabwiriza igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Iyo umuvuduko uri munsi ya kilometero 30 ku isaha, sensor y’imbere n’icyuma cyayo cy’umutekano gihujwe bishyira icyarimwe ikimenyetso cy’impanuka kuri controller y’ikoranabuhanga, kandi byohereza itegeko ryo guturitsa detonator y’amashanyarazi y’icyuma gitera umukandara w’intebe, mu gihe ikimenyetso cyoherejwe na sensor yo hagati kidashobora gutuma controller y’ikoranabuhanga yohereza itegeko ryo guturitsa detonator y’amashanyarazi y’agakapu k’umwuka. Kubwibyo, mu gihe habayeho kugongana ku muvuduko muto (kugabanya umuvuduko muto), igihe cyose pre-tensioner isubije umukandara inyuma, birahagije kurinda umushoferi n’umugenzi kugwa imbere.
Mu gihe habayeho kugongana kw'umuvuduko mwinshi (gutebuka cyane), sensor y'imbere n'icyuma cyo hagati byinjiye icyarimwe ikimenyetso cyo kugongana kuri controller y'ikoranabuhanga, controller y'ikoranabuhanga itanga amabwiriza nyuma yo gusuzuma vuba, kandi igaturika ibisasu by'amashanyarazi by'amasashe y'umwuka y'ibumoso n'iburyo hamwe n'amasashe y'umwuka abiri icyarimwe. Iyo umukandara w'intebe ukuwe inyuma cyane, amasashe abiri y'umwuka afunguka icyarimwe kugira ngo yinjire ingufu z'umushoferi n'umugenzi bitewe no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko, bikanarinda umutekano wabo neza.
Iyo imodoka igonganye n'ikintu gihagaze imbere yayo, uko imodoka igenda vuba, niko igenda buhoro buhoro, kandi imbaraga za sensor ziyongera. Niba imbaraga za sensor y'imbere n'iya sensor yo hagati zigabanyijemo imipaka yo hejuru n'iyo hasi, ni ukuvuga ko umuvuduko wa sensor y'imbere uri munsi y'agaciro kari hasi ka 30km/h, kandi agaciro ka sensor y'umutekano kari hasi, icyo gihe icyuma gipima umukandara gitera gusa icyuma gipima umukandara w'intebe guturika iyo imodoka igonze umuvuduko muto. Niba agaciro ka sensor yo hagati ari hejuru, iyo imodoka igonze umuvuduko mwinshi, sensor y'imbere, sensor yo hagati n'icyuma gipima umutekano icyarimwe bitanga ikimenyetso cyo kugongana kuri controller y'amashanyarazi, kandi controller y'amashanyarazi iturika ibisasu byose by'amashanyarazi, umukandara w'intebe urafungwa maze agasanduku k'umwuka kagafungurwa.
Kuva aho impanuka ibereye, sensor yohereza ikimenyetso ku mugenzuzi w’amashanyarazi, igihe kigera kuri 10ms. Nyuma yo guturika, icyuma gitanga gazi gitanga azote nyinshi, ihita yinjiza umwuka mu gikapu cy’umwuka. Kuva aho impanuka ibereye kugeza igihe icyuma gifata umwuka, hanyuma kugeza aho umukandara w’intebe uhambiriye, igikorwa cyose kimara 30-35ms, bityo uburyo bwo kurinda icyuma gifata umwuka ni bwiza cyane.
Iyo umwuka uturitse, bitewe n’ubwinshi bwa gazi iva muri uwo mwuka, umuvuduko w’umwuka urushaho kwiyongera, ibyo bikaba bidafasha mu kwinjiza ingufu z’impanuka, bityo hakaba hari imyobo ibiri isohora gazi inyuma y’uwo mwuka kugira ngo ikuremo umuvuduko, ibyo bikaba byiza mu kurinda umutekano w’umushoferi n’umugenzi.
Nk'uburyo bw'inyongera bw'umutekano w'umubiri udakora, abantu barushaho kuwitaho. Iyo imodoka n'inzitizi bigonganye, byitwa impanuka, umuntu uri mu modoka n'ibice byayo bigonganye, byitwa impanuka ya kabiri, agafuka k'umwuka kagonganye, impanuka ya kabiri mbere yo gufungura vuba umusego wuzuye umwuka, ku buryo umuntu uri mu modoka kubera ubunebwe agenda "ku musego w'umwuka" kugira ngo agabanye ingaruka z'umuntu uri mu modoka kandi yinjize ingufu z'impanuka, bigabanya urwego rw'imvune ku muntu uri mu modoka.
Amasashe yo mu kirere yavuguruwe vuba mu myaka yashize, igiciro cyaragabanutse cyane, kandi imodoka ifite amasashe yo mu kirere nayo yavuguruwe kuva ku modoka zo hagati n’iz’abakuru za kera kugeza ku modoka zo hagati n’izo hasi. Muri icyo gihe, zimwe mu modoka zifite amasashe yo mu kirere y’abagenzi ku murongo w’imbere (ni ukuvuga ibikoresho bibiri by’amasashe yo mu kirere), kandi amasashe yo mu kirere y’abagenzi asa n’ayo abashoferi bakoresha, ariko ingano y’amasashe yo mu kirere ni nini kandi gazi ikenewe ni nyinshi. Kuva mu myaka ya 1990, imikorere y’umutekano w’amasashe yo mu kirere yemewe muri rusange, kandi ifatwa nk’igikoresho gigezweho kandi cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru cy’umutekano. Gusobanukirwa ihame ry’imikorere y’amasashe yo mu kirere n’ibintu bikeneye kwitabwaho ni ingenzi cyane kuri twe kugira ngo twirinde neza, ariko ku mushoferi, gutwara imodoka mu mutekano ni cyo kintu cya mbere, nta gikoresho cy’umutekano kigezweho gishobora gusimburwa.
Isoko ry'imodoka ifite umwuka wangiritse, ese hazabaho kode y'ikosa?
ubushake
Agasanduku k'umwuka k'imodoka gafite ikibazo, hari kode y'ibibazo.
Iyo impera y'umwuka y'imodoka yangiritse, sisitemu y'umutekano w'imodoka izamenya ikibazo kandi igaragaze aho ikibazo kiri binyuze mu gushyiraho kode y'ikosa. Izi kode z'ikosa zishobora gufasha abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ikibazo kubona vuba kandi neza, kugira ngo bakore isuku ijyanye nabyo. Urugero, impera y'umwuka yangiritse ishobora gutanga kode nyinshi z'ikosa, harimo ariko ntizigarukira kuri C0506 - Ikosa rya Driver Side Airbag Control Module (NSCM), Ikosa rya U0101 - Airbag System (SRS), Ikosa rya B1001 - Ikosa rya Driver Side Airbag (D-SRS), n'ibindi.
Byongeye kandi, kwangirika kw'isoko ry'umufuka w'umwuka bishobora no kugaragara nk'itara ry'umufuka w'umwuka, ihoni ntiryuke, ndetse n'ikosa ry'akabuto k'umuyoboro w'imodoka. Kubwibyo, niba ikinyabiziga gifite ibi bimenyetso, umushoferi agomba kugenzurwa ku gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane niba isoko ry'umufuka w'umwuka rigomba gusimburwa.
Mu gihe cyo kubungabunga, ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma ikibazo hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gusuzuma ikibazo. Muri ubu buryo, bishobora kumenyekana niba isoko y'umufuka w'umwuka yangiritse. Urugero, ukoresheje imashini ikoresha icyuma gikingira umwuka gikoresha icyuma gikingira umwuka gifite imbaraga za ohm 2 kugeza kuri 3 kugira ngo usimbuze isoko y'umufuka w'umwuka, hanyuma ukongera gusoma kode y'ikibazo, niba kode y'ikibazo ibuze, isoko y'umufuka w'umwuka ishobora kwangirika.
Muri make, umufuka w’umwuka w’imodoka uzaba ufite kode y’ikosa, ikaba ari uburyo bwo kwirinda umutekano w’imodoka, bugamije kwibutsa umushoferi n’abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga imodoka gukora isuku ku gihe.
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha ibice by'imodoka bya MG & MAUXS.
