Isoko ya Ballon.
Isoko yisaha ikoreshwa muguhuza igikapu kinini cyindege (imwe kuri ruline) nicyuma cyo mu kirere, ahanini ni igice cyicyuma. Kuberako umufuka wingenzi wikirere ugomba kuzunguruka hamwe nu ruziga, (birashobora gutekerezwa nkicyuma cyinsinga gifite uburebure runaka, kizengurutse uruziga ruyobora, iyo ruzunguruka hamwe na ruline, rushobora guhindurwa cyangwa gukomeretsa cyane, ariko kandi ifite imipaka, kugirango yizere ko ibizunguruka ibumoso cyangwa iburyo, ibyuma byinsinga ntibishobora gukururwa), bityo rero insinga ihuza insinga igomba gusiga intera. Menya neza ko ibizunguruka bihindukirira kuruhande kugeza aho bigarukira utarinze gukururwa. Iyi ngingo mugushiraho ni kwitabwaho bidasanzwe, kure hashoboka kugirango tumenye neza ko iri mumwanya wo hagati.
Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa
Iyo imodoka yakoze impanuka, sisitemu yo mu kirere ikora neza cyane mukurinda umutekano wumushoferi numugenzi.
Kugeza ubu, sisitemu yo mu kirere ni uburyo bumwe bwo mu kirere bwo mu kirere, cyangwa sisitemu yo mu kirere kabiri. Iyo ikinyabiziga gifite imifuka ibiri yo mu kirere hamwe na sisitemu yo kwitegura umukandara wo guhanuka, hatitawe ku muvuduko, imifuka yo mu kirere hamwe n’umukandara w’umukandara ukora icyarimwe, bikaviramo guta imifuka y’indege mu gihe cy’impanuka nke, ibyo bikaba byongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga cyane .
Sisitemu y'ibikorwa bibiri-bikoresha indege, mugihe habaye impanuka, irashobora guhita ihitamo gukoresha umukandara wumukandara cyangwa umukandara wumukandara hamwe nubwirinzi bwindege ebyiri icyarimwe ukurikije umuvuduko nihuta ryimodoka. Muri ubu buryo, mugihe habaye impanuka kumuvuduko muke, sisitemu irashobora gukoresha imikandara gusa kugirango irinde umushoferi numutekano wabagenzi, idasesagura imifuka yindege. Niba umuvuduko urenze 30km / h mu mpanuka, umukandara wicyicaro hamwe n umufuka windege icyarimwe, murwego rwo kurinda umutekano wumushoferi numugenzi.
Ihame ry'akazi
Iyo imodoka iguye mu mpanuka, sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere imenya imbaraga zabyo
. kuri 0. Mu masegonda 03, umufuka wikirere urashiramo, umufuka wikirere waguka cyane, ucamo ingoma yimitako ishushanya kumuziga kuri shoferi nuwayitwaye, kuburyo umushoferi numutwe wumutwe nigituza bikanda kuri gaze- yuzuza umufuka wo mu kirere, usunika ingaruka ku mushoferi nuwuyirimo, hanyuma urekura gaze mu mufuka.
Isakoshi yo mu kirere irashobora gukwirakwiza imbaraga zingaruka mu mutwe no mu gituza, ikabuza umubiri w’abagenzi kwangirika guhura n’umubiri, bikagabanya cyane amahirwe yo gukomeretsa. Imifuka yo mu kirere irinda abagenzi mugihe habaye ingaruka zimbere, nubwo umukandara wicyicaro utambaye, imifuka yindege irwanya kugongana iracyafite imbaraga zihagije kugirango igabanye ibikomere. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu gihe habaye impanuka imbere n’imodoka ifite imifuka y’indege, urugero rw’imvune z’abagenzi rushobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 64%, ndetse no muri 80% by’abo bagenzi ntibambaye umukandara. Kugongana kuva kuruhande no kumyanya yinyuma biracyaterwa numurimo wumukandara.
Byongeye kandi, ingano y’iturika ry’isakoshi yo mu kirere igera kuri décibel 130 gusa, iri mu rwego rwo kwihanganira umubiri w’umuntu; 78% bya gaze mu gikapu cyo mu kirere ni azote, ihagaze neza kandi idafite uburozi, itagira ingaruka ku mubiri w'umuntu; Ifu yazanwe mugihe iturika ari ifu isiga amavuta agumana umufuka wumwuka muburyo bwikubye kandi ntugumane, kandi ntacyo byangiza umubiri wumuntu.
Ibintu byose ni inkota y'amaharakubiri, kandi igikapu cyo mu kirere nacyo gifite uruhande rwacyo rutekanye. Ukurikije imibare, niba imodoka igenda kuri 60km / h, ingaruka zitunguranye zizatuma imodoka ihagarara mumasegonda 0.2, kandi umufuka windege uzasohoka ku muvuduko wa 300km / h, kandi imbaraga zavuyemo ni 180 kg, bigoye kwihanganira umutwe, ijosi nibindi bice byugarije umubiri wumuntu. Kubwibyo, niba Inguni nimbaraga zumufuka windege bisohotse nabi, birashobora gutera "ibyago".
Mu modoka, sensor eshatu zihora zinjiza amakuru yimihindagurikire yumuvuduko kuri electronique, umugenzuzi wa elegitoronike ahora abara, asesengura, agereranya nabacamanza, kandi yiteguye gutanga amabwiriza igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Iyo umuvuduko uri munsi ya 30km / h, icyuma cyimbere hamwe na sensor yumutekano bihujwe icyarimwe byinjiza icyarimwe icyapa cyimpanuka kumugenzuzi wa elegitoroniki, hanyuma wohereze itegeko ryo guturika icyuma cyamashanyarazi cyumukandara wicyicaro, mugihe ikimenyetso cyoherejwe nikigo sensor ntishobora gutuma umugenzuzi wa elegitoronike yohereza itegeko ryo guturika amashanyarazi yumufuka wikirere. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo kugongana kwihuta (kwihuta guto), mugihe cyose pre-tensioner ikurura umukandara wicyicaro inyuma, birahagije kurinda umushoferi numugenzi kugwa imbere.
Mugihe cyo kugongana kwihuta (kwihuta kwinshi), icyuma cyimbere hamwe na sensor yo hagati icyarimwe byinjiza icyarimwe cyo kugongana mugenzuzi wa elegitoronike, umugenzuzi wa elegitoronike atanga amabwiriza nyuma yurubanza rwihuse, kandi aturika amashanyarazi aturuka ibumoso na kwitwaza neza hamwe nudukapu two mu kirere icyarimwe. Iyo umukandara wicyicaro usubijwe inyuma cyane, imifuka ibiri yindege irakingura icyarimwe kugirango ikuremo ingufu zatewe numushoferi numugenzi kubera kugabanuka kwinshi, kurinda umutekano wabo neza.
Iyo imodoka igonganye nikintu cyagenwe imbere yacyo, niko imodoka yihuta, niko umuvuduko mwinshi, nimbaraga nyinshi sensor yakira. Niba imbaraga zashizweho mbere yimbere ya sensor imbere hamwe na sensor yo hagati igabanijwemo imipaka yo hejuru no hepfo, ni ukuvuga, umuvuduko wateganijwe mbere yumuvuduko wimbere uri munsi yumubare muto wa 30km / h, hamwe nagaciro kateganijwe; ya sensor yumutekano nayo nigiciro cyo hasi ntarengwa, hanyuma umugenzuzi wa elegitoronike atera gusa umukandara wumukandara guturika mugihe imodoka yakoze impanuka kumuvuduko muke. Niba agaciro kateganijwe ka sensor yo hagati aribwo bugarukira hejuru, mugihe imodoka yakoze impanuka kumuvuduko mwinshi, sensor yimbere, sensor yo hagati hamwe na sensor yumutekano icyarimwe isohora ikimenyetso cyo kugongana kumugenzuzi wa elegitoronike, hanyuma umugenzuzi wa elegitoronike aturika amashanyarazi yose detonator, noneho umukandara wintebe urayungurura kandi umufuka wikirere urakingurwa.
Kuva kugongana, sensor yohereza ikimenyetso kumugenzuzi yiyemeje guturika icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi, mugihe cya 10ms. Nyuma yo guturika, moteri ya gaze itanga azote nyinshi, yihuta cyane mu mufuka. Kuva kugongana kugeza gushiraho umuyaga, hanyuma ukageza ku mukandara wicyicaro, inzira yose ifata 30-35m, bityo ingaruka zo kurinda sisitemu yo mu kirere ni nziza cyane.
Iyo umufuka wo mu kirere uturika, bitewe na gaze nyinshi zinjira mu gikapu, umuvuduko w’isakoshi uragenda wiyongera, ibyo bikaba bidafasha gukurura ingufu z’ingaruka, bityo hakaba hari imyenge ibiri isohora gaze inyuma y’umufuka kugira ngo isohore igitutu, gifasha kurinda umutekano wumushoferi numugenzi.
Nkibikoresho byingirakamaro byumutekano wa pasiporo yumubiri, abantu barabyitaho cyane. Iyo imodoka n'inzitizi bigonganye, byitwa kugongana, uwari uyirimo hamwe nibigize imodoka biragongana, byitwa kugongana kwa kabiri, umufuka wo mu kirere wagonganye, impanuka ya kabiri mbere yo gufungura byihuse umusego wuzuye umwuka wuzuye gaze, bityo ko nyirubwite kubera inertia hanyuma akimuka "ku kirere cyo mu kirere" kugirango agabanye ingaruka zuwituye kandi akoreshe ingufu zingaruka, kugabanya urugero rwimvune kubari bahari.
Imifuka yo mu kirere yatejwe imbere byihuse mu myaka yashize, igiciro cyaragabanutse ku buryo bugaragara, kandi imodoka ifite imifuka yo mu kirere nayo yateye imbere kuva mu modoka zashize hagati ndetse n’abakuru bakuru kugeza ku modoka yo hagati na nto. Muri icyo gihe, imodoka zimwe zifite ibikoresho byo mu kirere bitwara abagenzi ku murongo w'imbere (ni ukuvuga ibisobanuro bibiri byo mu kirere), kandi imifuka yo mu kirere itwara abagenzi isa n'iyakoreshejwe n'abashoferi, ariko ingano y'isakoshi yo mu kirere ni nini kandi gaze isabwa ni byinshi. Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, imikorere yumutekano wikibuga cyindege yemewe muri rusange, kandi ifatwa nkigikoresho cyumutekano kigezweho kandi cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Gusobanukirwa ihame ryakazi ryumufuka wibibazo nibibazo bikeneye kwitabwaho nibyingenzi kuri twe kugirango twirinde neza, ariko kubushoferi, gutwara umutekano nibyo byambere, ntabwo ari ibikoresho byumutekano bigezweho bishobora gusimburwa.
Imodoka yo mu kirere yimodoka yamenetse, hazabaho code yamakosa?
ubushake
Imodoka yimodoka yimodoka yimisatsi yaravunitse, hariho code yikibazo.
Iyo isakoshi yo mu kirere yimodoka yananiwe, sisitemu yumutekano yikinyabiziga izamenya ibintu bidasanzwe kandi yerekana aho ikibazo gihari mugushiraho kode. Kode yamakosa irashobora gufasha abakozi kubungabunga vuba kandi neza kumenya ikibazo, kugirango bakore neza. Kurugero, imifuka yindege yamenetse irashobora kumenyekanisha kode nyinshi, harimo ariko ntizigarukira kuri C0506 - Kunanirwa kwa Driver Side Airbag Control Module (NSCM) kunanirwa, U0101 - Sisitemu yo mu kirere (SRS), B1001 - Umushoferi wo mu kirere (D-SRS) gutsindwa, n'ibindi.
Byongeye kandi, kwangirika kwumufuka wumuyaga birashobora kandi kugaragara nkurumuri rwumufuka wumuyaga, ihembe ntirishobora kumvikana, hamwe na bouton yimikorere myinshi. Kubwibyo, niba ikinyabiziga gifite ibi bimenyetso, umushoferi agomba kugenzurwa mugihe kugirango amenye niba isoko yimifuka yikirere igomba gusimburwa.
Muburyo bwo kubungabunga, nuburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma kugirango usome kode yikosa hamwe nigikoresho cyo gusuzuma amakosa. Muri ubu buryo, birashobora kumenyekana niba isoko yimifuka yangiritse. Kurugero, mugukuramo umufuka wumuyaga mwisoko hanyuma ugakoresha résistor ya 2 kugeza kuri 3 ya ohm kugirango usimbuze isakoshi yindege, hanyuma ukongera ugasoma kode yamakosa, niba code yamakosa ibuze, isoko yimifuka yindege irashobora kwangirika.
Mu ncamake, imisatsi yimodoka yimodoka yimodoka izaba ifite kode yamakosa, nuburyo bwo kwikingira sisitemu yumutekano wibinyabiziga, yagenewe kwibutsa umushoferi nabakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga igihe gikwiye.
Nyamuneka uduhamagarire niba ukeneye ibicuruzwa nkibi.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG & MAUXS ibice byimodoka ikaze kugura.
