Imashini zikoresha ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha ni umutima wa sisitemu yo gukonjesha ibinyabiziga kandi ikagira uruhare mu guhagarika no gutwara imyuka ya firigo. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa compressor: kudahinduka kwimuka no guhinduranya ibintu. Ukurikije amahame atandukanye yakazi, compressor zo guhumeka zirashobora kugabanywamo ibice byimuka byimuka hamwe na compressor zihindagurika.
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, compressor irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwo kwisubiraho no kuzunguruka. Ubusanzwe busanzwe busubiranamo burimo crankshaft ihuza ubwoko bwinkoni nubwoko bwa piston ya axial, hamwe na compressor isanzwe izenguruka harimo ubwoko bwa rotary vane nubwoko bwizingo.
Imashini zikoresha ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha ni umutima wa sisitemu yo gukonjesha ibinyabiziga kandi ikagira uruhare mu guhagarika no gutwara imyuka ya firigo.
Ibyiciro
Compressor igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: kwimuka kudahinduka no kwimurwa.
Ubushuhe bwo guhumeka bugabanijwe mubisanzwe bigabanijwe muburyo bwo gusubiranamo no kuzenguruka ukurikije uburyo bwimbere bwakazi.
Ihame ryakazi gutondekanya guhindura ibiganiro
Ukurikije amahame atandukanye yakazi, compressor zo guhumeka zirashobora kugabanywamo ibice byimuka byimuka hamwe na compressor zihindagurika.
Kwimura kwimura neza
Iyimurwa rya compressor ihamye-yimurwa yiyongera ugereranije no kwiyongera kwa moteri. Ntishobora guhita ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ukurikije ubukonje bukenewe, kandi ifite ingaruka nini ugereranije no gukoresha moteri ya moteri. Igenzura ryayo muri rusange ikusanya ibimenyetso byubushyuhe bwo gusohoka kwumwuka. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bwagenwe, amashanyarazi ya electromagnetic ya compressor arekurwa hanyuma compressor ikareka gukora. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, amashanyarazi ya electronique arasezerana kandi compressor itangira gukora. Compressor yimurwa ihamye nayo igenzurwa numuvuduko wa sisitemu yo guhumeka. Iyo umuvuduko uri mumuyoboro ari mwinshi, compressor ihagarika gukora.
Impinduka zo guhinduranya icyuma gikonjesha compressor
Impinduka zo kwimura compressor irashobora guhita ihindura ingufu ziva mubushyuhe bwashyizweho. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere ntabwo ikusanya ibimenyetso byubushyuhe bwumuyaga uva mu kirere, ahubwo igenzura igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa compressor ukurikije ikimenyetso cy’imihindagurikire y’umuvuduko uri mu muyoboro uhumeka kugira ngo uhite uhindura ubushyuhe bw’ikirere. Mubikorwa byose byo gukonjesha, compressor ihora ikora, kandi guhindura ubukana bwa firigo bigenzurwa rwose numuvuduko ugenga valve yashyizwe imbere muri compressor. Iyo umuvuduko uri hejuru yumuvuduko mwinshi wumuyoboro uhumeka urenze urugero, umuvuduko ugenga valve ugabanya inkoni ya piston muri compressor kugirango ugabanye igipimo cyo kwikuramo, bizagabanya ubukana bwa firigo. Iyo umuvuduko wumuvuduko mwinshi urangiye ugabanuka kurwego runaka kandi umuvuduko wumuvuduko ukabije uzamuka kurwego runaka, umuvuduko ugenga valve wongera piston kugirango wongere ubukonje bwa firigo.
Gutondekanya uburyo bw'akazi
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, compressor irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwo kwisubiraho no kuzunguruka. Ubusanzwe busanzwe busubiranamo burimo crankshaft ihuza ubwoko bwinkoni nubwoko bwa piston ya axial, hamwe na compressor isanzwe izenguruka harimo ubwoko bwa rotary vane nubwoko bwizingo.
Crankshaft ihuza inkoni compressor
Inzira yimikorere yiyi compressor irashobora kugabanywamo bine, aribyo kwikuramo, kunanirwa, kwaguka, guswera. Iyo igikonjo kizunguruka, inkoni ihuza itwara piston kugirango yisubireho, nubunini bwakazi bugizwe nurukuta rwimbere rwa silinderi, umutwe wa silinderi hamwe nubuso bwo hejuru bwa piston bihinduka mugihe runaka, bityo bigahagarika no gutwara firigo muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha. . Crankshaft ihuza inkoni compressor niyambere ya compressor. Irakoreshwa cyane, ifite tekinoroji yo gukora ikuze, imiterere yoroshye, ibisabwa bike kubikoresho byo gutunganya nubuhanga bwo gutunganya, hamwe nigiciro gito. Ifite imiterere ihuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, irashobora guhuza n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'ingutu hamwe n'ubushobozi bwa firigo, kandi ifite imbaraga zo gukomeza.
Nyamara, igikonjo gihuza inkoni compressor nayo ifite ibitagenda neza bigaragara, nko kudashobora kugera ku muvuduko mwinshi, imashini nini kandi iremereye, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kugera ku buremere bworoshye. Umwuka urahagarara, umwuka wo mu kirere ukunda guhindagurika, kandi hariho ihindagurika rinini mugihe cyo gukora.
Bitewe nibi bintu byavuzwe haruguru biranga crankshaft-ihuza-inkoni compressor, bike-byimura-compressor bifata iyi miterere. Kugeza ubu, compranse ya crankshaft-ihuza-inkoni ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu nini-yimuka ihumeka yimodoka zitwara abagenzi namakamyo.
Axial Piston Compressor
Axial piston compressor irashobora kwitwa compressor yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri, kandi ibisanzwe ni rocker-plate cyangwa compressor ya swash-plate, ibyo bikaba aribintu byingenzi byinjira mumashanyarazi. Ibice byingenzi bigize compressor ya plaque ni shitingi nyamukuru hamwe na plaque ya swash. Amashanyarazi yatunganijwe azengurutswe hamwe nigitereko nyamukuru cya compressor nkikigo, kandi icyerekezo cyerekezo cya piston kirasa nigiti kinini cya compressor. Piston ya compressor ya plaque nyinshi ikozwe nka piston ifite imitwe ibiri, nka compressor ya axial 6-silinderi, silinderi 3 ziri imbere ya compressor, naho izindi silindari 3 ziri inyuma ya compressor. Piston-imitwe ibiri iranyerera murwego rumwe rutandukanye. Iyo impera imwe ya piston ihagaritse imyuka ya firigo muri silinderi yimbere, iyindi mpera ya piston ihumeka umwuka wa firigo muri silinderi yinyuma. Buri silinderi ifite ibyuma byumuyaga mwinshi kandi muto, kandi undi muyoboro mwinshi ukoreshwa muguhuza ibyumba byumuvuduko wimbere ninyuma. Isahani ihanamye ishyizwe hamwe nigitereko nyamukuru cya compressor, inkombe yisahani yegeranye ikusanyirizwa muri groove hagati ya piston, naho pisitori ya piston hamwe nuruhande rwibisahani byegeranye bishyigikirwa nicyuma gifata ibyuma. Iyo igiti nyamukuru kizunguruka, isahani ya swash nayo irazunguruka, kandi inkombe ya plaque ya swash isunika piston kugirango isubirane mu buryo. Niba isahani ya swash izunguruka rimwe, imbere ninyuma piston ebyiri buri kimwe cyuzuza uruziga rwo kwikuramo, umunaniro, kwaguka, no guswera, ibyo bikaba bihwanye nakazi ka silinderi ebyiri. Niba ari compressor ya axial 6-silinderi, silinderi 3 na piston 3-imitwe ibiri bigabanijwe neza ku gice cya blokeri. Iyo igiti nyamukuru kizunguruka rimwe, bingana n'ingaruka za silinderi 6.
Compressor ya swash isa niyoroshye kugera kuri miniaturizasi nuburemere bworoshye, kandi irashobora kugera kubikorwa byihuse. Ifite imiterere yoroheje, ikora neza kandi ikora neza. Nyuma yo kumenya kugenzura ibintu bihindagurika, ikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi.
Rotary Vane Compressor
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa silinderi kumashanyarazi azenguruka: kuzenguruka na oval. Muri silinderi izenguruka, uruziga nyamukuru rwa rotor rufite intera idasanzwe kuva hagati ya silinderi, kuburyo rotor ifatanye cyane hagati yo guswera nu mwobo usohoka hejuru yimbere ya silinderi. Muri silindiri ya elliptique, umurongo nyamukuru wa rotor hamwe na hagati ya ellipse birahura. Ibyuma kuri rotor bigabanya silinderi ahantu henshi. Iyo urufunguzo nyamukuru rutwara rotor kuzunguruka rimwe, ingano yiyi myanya ihinduka ubudahwema, kandi imyuka ya firigo nayo ihinduka mubunini n'ubushyuhe muri iyi myanya. Rotary vane compressor ntabwo ifite valve yo guswera kuko ibinyabiziga bikora akazi ko kunyunyuza no gukanda firigo. Niba hari ibyuma 2, hariho inzira 2 zuzuye mumuzenguruko umwe wingenzi. Ibyuma byinshi, ntoya ya compressor isohora ihindagurika.
Nka compressor yo mu gisekuru cya gatatu, kubera ko ingano nuburemere bwa rotary vane compressor ishobora gukorwa ntoya, biroroshye gutondekanya mugice gito cya moteri, hamwe nibyiza byurusaku ruke no kunyeganyega, hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa volumetric, ni ikoreshwa kandi muri sisitemu yo guhumeka. yabonye porogaramu. Nyamara, rotary vane compressor ifite ibisabwa byinshi kubijyanye no gutunganya neza nigiciro kinini cyo gukora.
compressor
Bene izo compressor zishobora kwitwa compressor ya 4. Imiterere ya compressor ya muzingo igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwa dinamike na static nubwoko bubiri bwa revolution. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwa dinamike na static nuburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa. Ibice byayo bikora bigizwe ahanini na turbine ifite imbaraga na turbine ihagaze. Imiterere ya turbine ifite imbaraga na static irasa cyane, kandi byombi bigizwe nisahani yanyuma hamwe n amenyo ya spiral atabigizemo uruhare kuva kumasahani yanyuma, byombi bitunganijwe kuburyo butandukanye kandi itandukaniro ni 180 °, turbine ihagaze, na turbine igenda irazunguruka kandi igahindurwa na crankshaft bitewe nimbogamizi idasanzwe yo kurwanya rotation, ni ukuvuga ko nta kuzunguruka, gusa impinduramatwara. Imashini izenguruka ifite ibyiza byinshi. Kurugero, compressor ni ntoya mubunini n'umucyo muburemere, kandi shitingi ya eccentric itwara umuvuduko wa turbine irashobora kuzunguruka kumuvuduko mwinshi. Kuberako nta soko yo guswera no gusohora valve, compressor ya muzingo ikora yizewe, kandi biroroshye kumenya umuvuduko wihuta hamwe na tekinoroji yo kwimura ibintu. Ibyumba byinshi byo guhunika bikora icyarimwe, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wa gaze hagati yibyumba byegeranye byegeranye ni bito, imyuka ya gaze ni nto, kandi nubushobozi bwa volumetric ni bwinshi. Imashini zomuzingo zagiye zikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye na firigo ntoya bitewe nibyiza byabo byubatswe neza, gukora neza no kuzigama ingufu, kunyeganyega gake hamwe n urusaku ruke, no kwizerwa mukazi, bityo bikaba kimwe mubyerekezo byingenzi byikoranabuhanga rya compressor iterambere.
Imikorere mibi
Nkumuvuduko mwinshi uzunguruka igice cyakazi, compressor ya konderasi ifite amahirwe menshi yo gutsindwa. Amakosa asanzwe ni urusaku rudasanzwe, kumeneka no kudakora.
(1) Urusaku rudasanzwe Hariho impamvu nyinshi zitera urusaku rudasanzwe rwa compressor. Kurugero, amashanyarazi ya electronique ya compressor yangiritse, cyangwa imbere ya compressor yambarwa cyane, nibindi, bishobora gutera urusaku rudasanzwe.
ClIbikoresho bya electromagnetic ya compressor ni ahantu hasanzwe haba urusaku rudasanzwe. Compressor ikunze kuva kumuvuduko muke ikagera kumuvuduko mwinshi munsi yumutwaro mwinshi, bityo rero ibisabwa kubikoresho bya electromagnetique ni byinshi cyane, kandi aho imyanya yo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi iba hafi yubutaka, kandi akenshi iba ihura namazi yimvura nubutaka. Iyo kwifata mumashanyarazi ya electronique yangiritse amajwi adasanzwe abaho.
② Usibye ikibazo cyumubyigano wa electromagnetic ubwayo, ubukana bwumukandara wa compressor nabwo bugira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye mubuzima bwimikorere ya electronique. Niba umukandara wohereza urekuye cyane, amashanyarazi ya electronique akunda kunyerera; niba umukandara wohereza ufunze cyane, umutwaro kuri electromagnetic clutch uziyongera. Iyo ubukana bwumukandara woherejwe butari bwiza, compressor ntizikora kurwego rwumucyo, kandi compressor izangirika iyo iremereye. Iyo umukandara wo gutwara ukora, niba compressor pulley na generator pulley itari mu ndege imwe, bizagabanya ubuzima bwumukandara cyangwa compressor.
Guswera no gufunga amashanyarazi ya electronique nayo bizatera urusaku rudasanzwe muri compressor. Kurugero, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitanga amashanyarazi ntizihagije, umuvuduko wa sisitemu yo guhumeka irakabije, cyangwa umutwaro wa moteri ni munini cyane, bizatera amashanyarazi ya magnetiki gukurura inshuro nyinshi.
Here Hagomba kubaho icyuho runaka hagati ya electromagnetic clutch na compressor igenda hejuru. Niba icyuho ari kinini, ingaruka nazo ziziyongera. Niba icyuho ari gito cyane, amashanyarazi ya electronique azabangamira compressor igenda hejuru mugihe ikora. Iyi nayo ni impamvu isanzwe itera urusaku rudasanzwe.
Compressor ikenera amavuta yizewe mugihe ukora. Iyo compressor ibuze amavuta yo gusiga, cyangwa amavuta yo gusiga adakoreshejwe neza, urusaku rukomeye rudasanzwe ruzagaragara imbere muri compressor, ndetse rutume compressor ishaje kandi isibwe.
(2) Kumeneka Firigo yamenetse nikibazo gikunze kugaragara muri sisitemu yo guhumeka. Igice cyo kumeneka cya compressor mubusanzwe kiri ihuriro rya compressor hamwe numuyoboro muremure kandi muto, aho usanga bitoroshye kugenzura kubera aho washyizwe. Umuvuduko wimbere wa sisitemu yo guhumeka ni mwinshi cyane, kandi mugihe firigo yamenetse, amavuta ya compressor azabura, ibyo bigatuma sisitemu yubuhumekero idakora cyangwa compressor idasiga amavuta nabi. Hano haribintu byokwirinda byumuvuduko kuri compressor ya konderasi. Indangantego zo gukingira igitutu zisanzwe zikoreshwa mugihe kimwe. Nyuma yumuvuduko wa sisitemu ni mwinshi, umuvuduko wo gukingira igitutu ugomba gusimburwa mugihe.
(3) Kudakora Hariho impamvu nyinshi zituma compressor ya konderasi idakora, mubisanzwe kubera ibibazo byumuzunguruko. Urashobora kugenzura mbere na mbere niba compressor yangiritse mugutanga ingufu kumashanyarazi ya electronique ya compressor.
Kwirinda ikirere
Ibibazo byumutekano ugomba kumenya mugihe ukora firigo
(1) Ntugakoreshe firigo ahantu hafunze cyangwa hafi yumuriro ufunguye;
(2) Ibirahure birinda bigomba kwambara;
(3) Irinde firigo y'amazi yinjira mumaso cyangwa kumenagura uruhu;
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(5) Ntugashyire ikigega cya firigo mu mazi ashyushye hamwe n'ubushyuhe burenze 40 ° C;
. hamwe nawe wenyine.
