Compressor ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha mu modoka ni ingenzi muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha mu modoka kandi ikagira uruhare mu gukanda no gutwara umwuka ushyushye. Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa compressor: kwimura ibintu bidahinduka no kwimura ibintu bitandukanye. Dukurikije amahame atandukanye y'imikorere, compressor ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha ishobora kugabanywamo compressor zihoraho na compressor zikoresha icyuma gikonjesha.
Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, compressors muri rusange zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwo gusubiranamo n'ubwo kuzenguruka. Compressors zisanzwe zo gusubiranamo zirimo ubwoko bw'icyuma gihuza crankshaft n'ubwoko bwa piston axial, naho compressors zisanzwe zo kuzenguruka zirimo ubwoko bwa vane izunguruka n'ubwoko bwa scroll.
Compressor ikora ibyuma bikonjesha imodoka ni ingenzi muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha imodoka kandi ikagira uruhare mu gukanda no gutwara umwuka ushyushye.
Gushyira mu byiciro
Compressors zigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: kwimura ibintu bidahinduka (non-variable displacement) n'ukwimura ibintu bidahinduka (variable displacement).
Compressors zitanga umwuka ushyushye muri rusange zigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri buhuza n'ubundi bwoko buzunguruka hakurikijwe uburyo zikora imbere.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibyiciro by'imirimo
Dukurikije amahame atandukanye y'imikorere, compressors zo mu kirere zishobora kugabanywamo compressors zo mu kirere zihoraho n'izihindagurika.
Compressor yo kwimura idahinduka
Kwimura kwa kompreseri ihoraho yiyongera ukurikije uko umuvuduko wa moteri wiyongera. Ntabwo ishobora guhindura ingufu mu buryo bwikora bitewe n'uko moteri ikeneye gukonjesha, kandi igira ingaruka nini ku ikoreshwa rya lisansi ya moteri. Muri rusange, uburyo bwo kuyigenzura bukusanya ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe bw'aho umwuka usohoka muri evaporator uturuka. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bugenwe, clutch ya electromagnetic ya kompreseri irarekurwa maze kompreseri irahagarara. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, clutch ya electromagnetic irakora maze kompreseri igatangira gukora. Compreseri ihoraho igenzurwa kandi n'umuvuduko wa sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Iyo umuvuduko uri mu muyoboro urenze urugero, kompreseri irahagarara gukora.
Compressor ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha gihinduka
Compressor ihindura ikirere ishobora guhindura imbaraga mu buryo bwikora hakurikijwe ubushyuhe bwashyizweho. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe ntabwo ikusanya ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe cy'aho umwuka usohoka mu cyuma gikonjesha, ahubwo igenzura igipimo cyo gukanda cya kompressor hakurikijwe ikimenyetso cy'impinduka z'umuvuduko mu muyoboro ukonjesha kugira ngo ihindure ubushyuhe bw'aho umwuka usohoka. Mu gihe cyose cyo gukonjesha, kompressor ihora ikora, kandi guhindura ubukana bw'ubushyuhe bigenzurwa burundu na valve igenzura umuvuduko yashyizwe muri compressor. Iyo umuvuduko ku mpera y'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umuyoboro ukonjesha ari mwinshi cyane, valve igenzura umuvuduko igabanya umuvuduko wa piston muri compressor kugira ngo igabanye igipimo cyo gukanda, bizagabanya ubukana bw'ubushyuhe. Iyo umuvuduko ku mpera y'umuvuduko mwinshi ugabanutse ukagera ku rwego runaka kandi umuvuduko ku mpera y'umuvuduko muto ukazamuka ukagera ku rwego runaka, valve igenzura umuvuduko yongera umuvuduko wa piston kugira ngo yongere ubukana bw'ubushyuhe.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'uburyo akazi gakorwamo
Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, compressors muri rusange zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwo gusubiranamo n'ubwo kuzenguruka. Compressors zisanzwe zo gusubiranamo zirimo ubwoko bw'icyuma gihuza crankshaft n'ubwoko bwa piston axial, naho compressors zisanzwe zo kuzenguruka zirimo ubwoko bwa vane izunguruka n'ubwoko bwa scroll.
Compressor y'inkoni ihuza ikigoni
Uburyo iyi kompreseri ikora bushobora kugabanywamo ibintu bine, ari byo gukanda, gusohora umwuka, kwaguka, no gukurura. Iyo crankshaft izunguruka, inkoni ihuza iyobora piston kugira ngo isubirane, kandi ingano y'imikorere igizwe n'urukuta rw'imbere rwa silinda, umutwe wa silinda n'ubuso bwo hejuru bwa piston bihinduka buri gihe, bityo bigakanda kandi bigatwara firigo muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Compressor y'icyuma gihuza crankshaft ni kompreseri yo mu gisekuru cya mbere. Ikoreshwa cyane, ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora, imiterere yoroshye, nta byangombwa bikenewe ku bikoresho byo gutunganya no gutunganya, kandi ihendutse cyane. Ishobora kwihuza neza, ishobora kwihuza n'ibipimo byinshi by'umuvuduko n'ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, kandi irashobora kubungabunga neza.
Ariko, compressor y'icyuma gihuza crankshaft ifite n'intege nke zigaragara, nko kudashobora kugera ku muvuduko mwinshi, imashini ni nini kandi iremereye, kandi ntibyoroshye kugera ku buremere bworoheje. Imodoka isohora umwuka ntikomeza, umwuka utemba ukunda guhinduka, kandi habaho guhindagura gukomeye mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa.
Bitewe n’imiterere yavuzwe haruguru ya compressors zihuza crankshaft na rod, compressors nke zihuza crankshaft ni zo zakoresheje iyi miterere. Kuri ubu, compressors zihuza crankshaft na rod zikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu nini zihuzwa n’imodoka n’amakamyo.
Kompreseri ya Piston yo mu mutwe
Compressors za piston zo mu bwoko bwa axial zishobora kwitwa compressors zo mu gisekuru cya kabiri, naho izisanzwe ni compressors za rocker-plate cyangwa swash-plate, ari na zo zikoreshwa cyane muri compressors zikoresha umwuka ushyushye mu modoka. Ibice by'ingenzi bya compressor ya swash plate ni shaft nini na swash plate. Silindiri zitondetse mu buryo buzunguruka hamwe n'umugozi mukuru wa compressor nk'aho ari hagati, kandi icyerekezo cya piston kiba gihuye n'umugozi mukuru wa compressor. Pistons za compressors nyinshi za swash plate zikozwe nka pistons zifite imitwe ibiri, nka compressors za axial 6-silinda, silinda 3 ziri imbere ya compressor, naho izindi silinda 3 ziri inyuma ya compressor. Pistons zifite imitwe ibiri zigenda zihuza muri silinda zihanganye. Iyo impera imwe ya piston ikanda umwuka ushyushye muri silinda y'imbere, indi mpera ya piston ihumeka umwuka ushyushye muri silinda y'inyuma. Buri silindiri ifite vali z'umwuka zirimo umuvuduko mwinshi n'umuvuduko muto, kandi hari n'undi muyoboro w'umuvuduko mwinshi ukoreshwa mu guhuza ibyumba by'imbere n'inyuma bifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Isahani ihengamye ifatanye n'umugozi mukuru wa compressor, inkombe y'isahani ihengamye iteranyirizwa mu muyoboro uri hagati ya piston, kandi umuyoboro wa piston n'inkombe y'isahani ihengamye bishyigikiwe n'ibyuma bitera imipira. Iyo umugozi mukuru uzunguruka, isahani ihengamye nayo irazunguruka, kandi inkombe y'isahani ihengamye isunika piston kugira ngo ihuze n'umugozi. Iyo isahani ihengamye izunguruka rimwe, piston ebyiri z'imbere n'inyuma buri imwe irangiza uruhererekane rwo gukanda, gusohora, kwaguka, no gukurura, bingana n'imikorere ya silindiri ebyiri. Iyo ari compressor ifite silinda 6, silindiri 3 na piston 3 zifite imitwe ibiri zikwirakwizwa ku buryo bungana ku gice cya silindiri. Iyo umugozi mukuru uzunguruka rimwe, bingana n'ingaruka za silindiri 6.
Compressor ya swash plate yoroshye kuyikoresha mu buryo bworoshye kandi ikora neza, kandi ishobora kuyikoresha vuba cyane. Ifite imiterere mito, ikora neza cyane kandi yizewe. Nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo guhindagurika, ikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bikonjesha imodoka.
Compressor ya Rotary Vane
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'imiterere ya silindiri kuri compressors za vane zizunguruka: uruziga n'uruziga. Muri silindiri ruziga, umugozi mukuru wa rotor ufite intera idasanzwe uvuye hagati ya silindiri, ku buryo rotor iba ifatanye neza hagati y'imyobo ikurura n'iy'imyobo isohora umwuka ku buso bw'imbere bwa silindiri. Muri silindiri ifite uruziga, umurongo mukuru wa rotor n'igice cyo hagati cya ellipse birahura. Ibyuma biri kuri rotor bigabanya silindiri mo imyanya myinshi. Iyo umugozi mukuru uyobora rotor kuzenguruka rimwe, ingano y'iyi myanya irahinduka buri gihe, kandi umwuka ushyushya na wo uhinduka mu bunini n'ubushyuhe muri iyi myanya. Compressors za vane zizunguruka ntizigira valve yo gusukura kuko vane zikora akazi ko gukurura no gukanda firigo. Niba hari ibyuma 2, hari inzira ebyiri zo gusohora umwuka mu kuzunguruka kumwe kw'umugozi mukuru. Uko ibyuma byinshi, niko ihindagurika ry'imyobo ya compressor rigabanuka.
Nk'igikoresho cyo mu gisekuru cya gatatu, kubera ko ingano n'uburemere bya compressor ya rotary vane bishobora gukorwa bito, biroroshye kuyishyira mu gice gito cya moteri, hamwe n'ibyiza byo kugira urusaku ruke no guhindagura, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi, ikoreshwa no muri sisitemu zo gukonjesha imodoka. Ariko, compressor ya rotary vane ifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bijyanye no gutunganya neza no gukora imashini ihendutse.
compressor yo kuzenguruka
Izo compressors zishobora kwitwa compressors zo mu gisekuru cya kane. Imiterere ya compressors zo mu gikoresho cyo gukurura igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko buhindagurika n'ubudahinduka hamwe n'ubwoko bwa revolution ebyiri. Kuri ubu, ubwoko buhindagurika n'ubudahinduka ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa cyane. Ibice byayo bikora ahanini bigizwe na turbine ihindagurika n'ingufu zihoraho. Imiterere ya turbine zihindagurika n'izidahinduka irasa cyane, kandi zombi zigizwe n'igice cy'inyuma n'amenyo y'uruziga aturuka ku gice cy'inyuma, byombi biteguye neza kandi itandukaniro ni 180°, turbine ihoraho ihagaze, kandi turbine igenda izunguruka kandi igahindurwa na crankshaft munsi y'uburyo bwihariye bwo kurwanya kuzunguruka, ni ukuvuga ko nta kuzunguruka, ahubwo ni revolution gusa. Compressors zo gukurura zifite ibyiza byinshi. Urugero, compressor ni nto kandi yoroheje, kandi umugozi udasanzwe uyobora ingendo ya turbine ushobora kuzunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi. Kubera ko nta valve yo gukurura na valve yo gukuramo, compressor yo gukurura ikora neza, kandi biroroshye kubona umuvuduko uhindagurika n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kwimura ibintu bitandukanye. Ibyumba byinshi byo gukanda bikorera icyarimwe, itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko wa gazi hagati y'ibyumba byo gukanda byegeranye ni rito, aho gazi iva ni hato, kandi ingano y'amazi ni nini. Compressor zo gukanda zagiye zikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gukonjesha bito bitewe n'ibyiza byazo byo kuba imiterere mito, imikorere myiza no kuzigama ingufu, gutigita guke n'urusaku ruto, no kwizera gukora, bityo zikaba zimwe mu cyerekezo cy'ingenzi cyo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya compressor.
Ibibazo bisanzwe
Kubera ko ikora ku buryo bwihuta cyane, compressor ya air conditioner ifite amahirwe menshi yo kwangirika. Ikosa rikunze kubaho ni urusaku rudasanzwe, kuva amazi no kudakora.
(1) Urusaku rudasanzwe Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera urusaku rudasanzwe rwa compressor. Urugero, icyuma gikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki cya compressor cyangiritse, cyangwa imbere muri compressor cyangiritse cyane, nibindi, bishobora gutera urusaku rudasanzwe.
①Umugozi w'amashanyarazi wa kompreseri ni ahantu hakunze kugaragara urusaku rudasanzwe. Umugozi ukunze kuba kuva ku muvuduko muto kugeza ku muvuduko mwinshi iyo ufite umutwaro mwinshi, bityo ibisabwa kuri kompreseri ni byinshi cyane, kandi aho clutch y'amashanyarazi ishyirwa muri rusange hafi y'ubutaka, kandi akenshi ihura n'amazi y'imvura n'ubutaka. Iyo icyuma kiri muri kompreseri cyangiritse, hagaragara urusaku rudasanzwe.
②Uretse ikibazo cya clutch ya electromagnetic ubwayo, ubukana bw'umukandara wa compressor nabyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buzima bwa clutch ya electromagnetic. Iyo umukandara wa transmission urekuye cyane, clutch ya electromagnetic irashobora kunyerera; iyo umukandara wa transmission uremereye cyane, umutwaro kuri clutch ya electromagnetic uziyongera. Iyo ubukana bw'umukandara wa transmission butari bwiza, compressor ntizakora ku rugero rw'urumuri, kandi compressor izangirika iyo iremereye. Iyo umukandara wa drive urimo gukora, niba pulley ya compressor na pulley ya generator bitari mu murongo umwe, bizagabanya ubuzima bw'umukandara wa drive cyangwa compressor.
③ Gukurura no gufunga inshuro nyinshi kwa clutch ya electromagnetic nabyo bizatera urusaku rudasanzwe muri compressor. Urugero, amashanyarazi ya generator ntabwo ahagije, umuvuduko wa sisitemu yo gukonjesha ni mwinshi cyane, cyangwa umutwaro wa moteri ni munini cyane, bigatuma clutch ya electromagnetic ikomeza gukurura.
④Hagomba kubaho icyuho runaka hagati ya clutch ya electromagnetic na compressor. Iyo icyuho ari kinini cyane, ingaruka nazo ziyongera. Iyo icyuho ari gito cyane, electromagnetic clutch izabangamira ubuso bwa compressor mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa. Iyi ni nayo mpamvu ikunze gutera urusaku rudasanzwe.
⑤ Compressor ikeneye amavuta yizewe mu gihe ikora. Iyo compressor idafite amavuta yo kwisiga, cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga adakoreshejwe neza, urusaku rukomeye rudasanzwe rubaho muri compressor, ndetse runatuma compressor ishaje kandi igacika.
(2) Kumeneka Kumeneka kw'amazi mu byuma bikonjesha ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara muri sisitemu zikonjesha. Igice cy'ikimashini gikonjesha gikunze kuba kiri aho ikimashini gikonjesha gihurira n'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko mwinshi n'uwo hasi, aho akenshi bigorana kugenzura bitewe n'aho gishyirwa. Umuvuduko w'imbere mu cyuma gikonjesha uba uri hejuru cyane, kandi iyo ikimashini gikonjesha kimeneka, amavuta ya kimashini atakaza, bigatuma ikimashini gikonjesha kidakora neza cyangwa konpressor igatakaza amavuta. Hariho uturindantoki dukingira umuvuduko ku tumashini dukonjesha. Uturindantoki dukingira umuvuduko dukoreshwa rimwe gusa. Nyuma y'uko umuvuduko w'ikimashini urenze urugero, uturindantoki dukingira umuvuduko tugomba gusimburwa mu gihe.
(3) Ntikora Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma compressor ya air conditioner idakora, akenshi bitewe n'ibibazo bijyanye n'uruziga. Ushobora mbere na mbere kugenzura niba compressor yangiritse utanga ingufu kuri clutch ya electromagnetic ya compressor.
Ingamba zo kubungabunga ikirere gikonjesha
Ibibazo by'umutekano ugomba kumenya mu gihe ukoresha firigo
(1) Ntugafate icyuma gikonjesha ahantu hafunze cyangwa hafi y'umuriro ufunguye;
(2) Indorerwamo zirinda umubiri zigomba kwambarwa;
(3) Irinde ko amazi ashyirwa muri firigo yinjira mu maso cyangwa ngo asukire ku ruhu;
(4) Ntukereke abantu hasi mu kigega cya firigo, hari ibigega bimwe na bimwe bya firigo bifite ibikoresho byo guhumeka byihutirwa hepfo;
(5) Ntugashyire ikigega gikonjesha mu mazi ashyushye afite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 40°C;
(6) Niba amazi ashyushye yinjiye mu maso cyangwa agakora ku ruhu, ntugakore ku ruhu, hita woza n'amazi akonje menshi, hanyuma uhite ujya kwa muganga gushaka umuganga w'inzobere, kandi ntugerageze kubyihanganira ubwawe.
