Ukuboko guhindagurika akenshi kuba kuri hagati y'uruziga n'umubiri, kandi ni igice cy'umutekano kijyanye n'umushoferi gitanga imbaraga, kigatuma imihindagurikire y'imodoka igabanuka, kandi kikagenzura icyerekezo.
Ukuboko guhindagurika akenshi kuba hagati y'uruziga n'umubiri, kandi ni igice cy'umutekano kijyanye n'umushoferi wohereza imbaraga, ukagabanya ihererekanya ry'ibintu bihindagurika, kandi ukagenzura icyerekezo. Iyi ngingo igaragaza imiterere rusange y'ukuboko guhindagurika ku isoko, kandi ikagereranya kandi igasesengura ingaruka z'imiterere itandukanye ku mikorere, ubwiza n'igiciro.
Udukingirizo tw'imodoka dushyirwamo icyuma gifunga imbere n'inyuma. Udukingirizo tw'imbere n'inyuma twombi dufite amaboko yo gufunga kugira ngo duhuze amapine n'umubiri. Amaboko yo gufunga akenshi aba ari hagati y'amapine n'umubiri.
Inshingano y'ukuboko gukurura ni uguhuza ipine n'umuzingo, kohereza imbaraga, kugabanya uburyo bwo guhindagura no kugenzura icyerekezo. Ni igice cy'umutekano kigizwe n'umushoferi. Hari ibice by'imiterere bitanga imbaraga muri sisitemu yo guhagarara, ku buryo amapine agenda ugereranije n'umubiri hakurikijwe inzira runaka. Ibice by'imiterere bitanga imizigo, kandi sisitemu yose yo guhagarara ifite ubushobozi bwo gucunga imodoka.
Imikorere isanzwe n'imiterere y'ukuboko kw'imodoka
1. Kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu guhererekanya imizigo, igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere y'ukuboko kw'ingufu n'ikoranabuhanga
Imodoka nyinshi zo muri iki gihe zikoresha sisitemu zo guhagarara zigenga. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y'imiterere, sisitemu zo guhagarara zigenga zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bw'igufwa ry'ingufu, ubwoko bw'ukuboko ku ruhande, ubwoko bw'impande nyinshi, ubwoko bw'amabuji n'ubwoko bwa McPherson. Ukuboko ku ruhande n'ukuboko ku ruhande ni imiterere y'imbaraga ebyiri ku kuboko kumwe muri multi-link, hamwe n'ingingo ebyiri zo guhuza. Inkoni ebyiri z'imbaraga ebyiri ziteranyirizwa ku mfuruka imwe, kandi imirongo ihuza ingingo zihuza ikora imiterere y'impande eshatu. Ukuboko ko hasi kwa MacPherson imbere ni ukuboko gusanzwe guhindagurika kw'ingingo eshatu hamwe n'ingingo eshatu zo guhuza. Umurongo uhuza ingingo eshatu zo guhuza ni imiterere y'impande eshatu ihamye ishobora kwihanganira imitwaro mu byerekezo byinshi.
Imiterere y'ukuboko kw'imbaraga ebyiri ni yoroshye, kandi imiterere y'inyubako ikunze kugenwa hakurikijwe ubuhanga butandukanye bw'umwuga n'uburyo bwo gutunganya bwa buri sosiyete. Urugero, imiterere y'icyuma gikozweho kashe (reba Ishusho ya 1), imiterere y'igishushanyo ni isahani imwe y'icyuma idasudira, kandi umwobo w'inyubako ahanini umeze nka "I"; imiterere y'icyuma gisudira (reba Ishusho ya 2), imiterere y'igishushanyo ni isahani y'icyuma isudira, kandi umwobo w'inyubako ni mwinshi. Imeze nka "口"; cyangwa ibyuma bifasha mu gusudira bikoreshwa mu gusudira no gukomeza ahantu hateje akaga; imiterere y'imashini itunganya ibyuma, umwobo w'inyubako ni ukomeye, kandi imiterere ihindurwa cyane hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu miterere ya chassis; imiterere y'imashini itunganya aluminium (reba Ishusho ya 3), imiterere Umwobo ni ukomeye, kandi ibisabwa mu miterere bisa n'ibyuma bisudira; imiterere y'umuyoboro w'icyuma ni yoroshye mu miterere, kandi umwobo w'inyubako ni uruziga.
Imiterere y'ukuboko kw'ingufu eshatu iragoye, kandi imiterere y'imiterere ikunze kugenwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa na OEM. Mu isesengura ry'igereranya ry'ingendo, ukuboko kw'ingufu ntigushobora kubangamira ibindi bice, kandi byinshi muri byo bifite ibisabwa byibura ku ntera. Urugero, imiterere y'icyuma gikozweho kashe ikoreshwa cyane icyarimwe n'imiterere y'icyuma gikozweho kashe, umwobo w'icyuma gikoresha sensor cyangwa agakoresho ko guhuza inkoni, nibindi bizahindura imiterere y'ukuboko kw'ingufu; umwobo w'imiterere uracyari mu ishusho y' "umunwa", kandi umwobo w'ukuboko kw'ingufu uzafungwa. Imiterere ikozweho kashe, umwobo w'imiterere ahanini ni "I", ufite imiterere gakondo yo guhindukira no gukomera; imiterere ikozweho kashe, imiterere n'umwobo w'imiterere ahanini bifite imbavu zo gushimangira n'imyobo igabanya uburemere hakurikijwe imiterere y'ingufu; gusudira icyuma. Imiterere ihujwe n'ingufu, bitewe n'ibisabwa ku mwanya w'imodoka, igice cy'umupira gishyirwa mu ingufu, kandi ingufu ihujwe n'icyuma; Imiterere y’imashini zikozwe muri aluminiyumu ikozwe mu buryo bwa cast itera ikoreshwa ryiza kandi itanga umusaruro mwiza kurusha ikoreshwa mu bucukuzi, kandi ifite imbaraga ziruta iz’imashini zikozwe mu buryo bwa cast icing, ari na zo zikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rishya.
2. Kugabanya uburyo umubiri utembera, n'imiterere y'ikintu gikozwe mu buryo bwa elastic aho umuntu ahuzwa n'ukuboko guhindagurika
Kubera ko ubuso bw'umuhanda imodoka igenderaho budashobora kuba bugororotse rwose, imbaraga zihagaze z'ubuso bw'umuhanda zikora ku mapine akenshi zigira ingaruka, cyane cyane iyo utwaye ku muvuduko mwinshi ku muhanda mubi, iyi mbaraga itera umushoferi kumva atameze neza. , ibintu bya elastic bishyirwa muri sisitemu yo guhagarara, kandi isano ikomeye ihinduka ihuza elastic. Iyo element ya elastic imaze guhagarara, itera vibration, kandi vibration idahwema ituma umushoferi yumva atameze neza, bityo sisitemu yo guhagarara ikenera ibintu bigabanya vibration kugira ngo igabanye amplitude y'ihindagurika ryihuse.
Ingingo zo guhuza mu miterere y'ukuboko kw'izunguruka ni uguhuza ibice bya element na umupira. Ibintu bya element bitanga uburyo bwo kudahusha no kugabanya umuvuduko w'ingufu no kuzunguruka. Ibice bya resitora bikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibice bya element mu modoka, kandi ibice bya hydraulic bushings na hinges crossing nabyo birakoreshwa.
Igishushanyo cya 2: Ishusho y'icyuma cyo gusudira icyuma cyo kuzunguza
Imiterere y'agace k'icyuma gashyirwamo agapira ...
Impeta y'icyuma yo hanze ikunze kuba ifite inguni ifata icyuma, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kuyishyiramo.
Imashini yo gufunga amashanyarazi ifite imiterere igoye, kandi ni umusaruro ufite inzira igoye kandi ifite agaciro kanini mu cyiciro cy’imashini yo gufunga amashanyarazi. Hari umwobo mu imashini, kandi hari amavuta mu mwobo. Imiterere y’imashini yo gufunga amashanyarazi ikorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu mikorere y’imashini yo gufunga amashanyarazi. Iyo amavuta yamenetse, imashini yo gufunga amashanyarazi irangirika. Imashini zo gufunga amashanyarazi zishobora gutanga uburyo bwo gukomera, bigira ingaruka ku buryo imodoka ishobora gutwara imodoka muri rusange.
Umugozi w'imodoka ufite imiterere igoye kandi ni igice cy'imigozi ya rubber na ball. Ishobora gutanga uburambe bwiza kuruta umugozi, inguni yo kuzunguruka n'inguni yo kuzunguruka, umugozi wihariye wo gukomera, kandi ikujuje ibisabwa mu mikorere y'imodoka yose. Imigozi y'imodoka yangiritse izatera urusaku mu modoka iyo irimo kugenda.
3. Mu gihe uruziga rugenda, imiterere y'ikintu cyo kuzunguruka aho ukuboko guhurira
Ubuso bw'umuhanda budahuje neza butuma amapine asimbuka hejuru no hasi ugereranije n'umubiri (umuyoboro), kandi icyarimwe amapine agenda, nko guhindukira, kugenda agororotse, nibindi, bigasaba inzira y'amapine kugira ngo yuzuze ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe. Ukuboko guhindagurika n'aho bihurira bihuzwa ahanini n'agapira k'umupira.
Agakingirizo k'umupira w'intoki gashobora gutanga inguni yo kuzunguruka irenga ± 18°, kandi gashobora gutanga inguni yo kuzunguruka ya 360°. Kujuje neza ibisabwa ku mapine n'ubuyobozi. Kandi agakingirizo k'umupira kujuje ibisabwa ku ngwate y'imyaka 2 cyangwa kilometero 60.000 n'imyaka 3 cyangwa kilometero 80.000 ku modoka yose.
Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza hagati y'ukuboko guhindagurika n'agakingirizo k'umupira (agakingirizo k'umupira), gashobora kugabanywamo umugozi cyangwa umugozi, agakingirizo k'umupira gafite umugozi; guhuza umupira uhuza ibyuma, umugozi nta mugozi ufite umugozi; guhuza, umugozi wo kuzenguruka n'agakingirizo k'umupira Byose muri kimwe. Ku miterere y'icyuma kimwe n'imiterere y'icyuma gifite amabati menshi, ubwoko bubiri bwa mbere bw'imigozi bukoreshwa cyane; ubwoko bwa nyuma bw'imigozi nko gucura ibyuma, gucura aluminiyumu n'icyuma gishongeshejwe bukoreshwa cyane.
Umugozi w'umupira ugomba guhangana n'ubudahangarwa bw'inguni bitewe n'uko umutwaro uremereye, bitewe n'uko inguni ikora cyane kurusha umugozi, ni nabyo bituma ubuzima burushaho kuba bwiza. Kubwibyo, umugozi w'umupira ugomba gushushanywa nk'inyubako ihuriweho, harimo no gusiga amavuta neza ku buryo bwo kuzunguruka no kwirinda ivumbi no kuvomera amazi.
Ishusho ya 3: Ukuboko kw'izunguruka kwakozwe muri aluminiyumu
Ingaruka z'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ukuboko kw'ingufu ku bwiza n'igiciro
1. Ubwiza: uko urumuri rugaragara niko birushaho kuba byiza
Ingano karemano y'umubiri (izwi kandi nka frequency ya free vibration ya sisitemu yo guhindagura) igenwa n'ubukana bw'imizigo n'uburemere bushyigikiwe n'umusemburo wo guhindagura (sprung mass) ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'imikorere ya sisitemu yo guhindagura bigira ingaruka ku buryo imodoka igenda neza. Ingano ya vertical vibration ikoreshwa n'umubiri w'umuntu ni inshuro umubiri ugenda uzamuka kandi umanuka mu gihe cyo kugenda, ikaba iri hagati ya 1-1.6Hz. Ingano karemano y'umubiri igomba kuba yegereye cyane iyi frequency. Iyo turbine ya suspension ihoraho, uko strumble igenda iba nto, ni ko vertical deformation ya suspension iba nto, kandi turbine karemano iba nini.
Iyo umutwaro uhagaze uhoraho, uko guhagarara kw'imodoka birushaho kuba bito, ni ko umuvuduko w'imodoka ugabanuka, kandi umwanya ukenewe kugira ngo ipine ijye hejuru kandi imanuka uba munini.
Iyo imiterere y'umuhanda n'umuvuduko w'ikinyabiziga ari bimwe, uko uburemere bw'imodoka bugabanuka, ni ko umutwaro w'imodoka ku buryo bwo guhagarika imodoka uba muto. Uburemere bw'imodoka budafite uburemere burimo uburemere bw'ibiziga, urwego rw'imodoka ruhuza n'imodoka n'ibindi.
Muri rusange, ukuboko kwa aluminiyumu ni ko gufite uburemere bworoshye cyane naho ukuboko kwa fermented steel ni ko gufite uburemere bwinshi. Ibindi biri hagati.
Kubera ko uburemere bw'amaboko yo kwizunguza akenshi ari munsi ya 10kg, ugereranije n'imodoka ifite uburemere burenga 1000kg, uburemere bw'amaboko yo kwizunguza ntacyo buhindura ku ikoreshwa rya lisansi.
2. Igiciro: biterwa n'igishushanyo mbonera
Uko ibisabwa byinshi, niko igiciro cyiyongera. Dushingiye ku kuba imbaraga z'imiterere n'ubudahangarwa bw'ukuboko kw'ingufu byujuje ibisabwa, ibisabwa mu kwihanganira gukora, ingorane mu gukora, ubwoko bw'ibikoresho n'uko biboneka, hamwe n'ibisabwa mu kwangirika kw'ubuso byose bigira ingaruka ku giciro. Urugero, ibintu birwanya kwangirika: irangi rya electro-galvanized, binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ubuso n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, bishobora kugera ku masaha agera kuri 144; uburinzi bw'ubuso bugabanyijemo irangi rya cathodic electrophoretic, rishobora kugera ku kwangirika kw'ubudahangarwa bw ...
Igiciro gishobora kugabanuka ugereranije imiterere n'imiterere y'ukuboko guzunguruka.
Nkuko twese tubizi, uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyiraho ibyuma binini butanga imikorere itandukanye yo gutwara. By'umwihariko, bikwiye kugaragazwa ko uburyo bumwe bwo gushyiraho ibyuma binini n'imiterere itandukanye y'aho bihurira bishobora gutanga ikiguzi gitandukanye.
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'isano hagati y'ibice by'imiterere n'imigozi y'umupira: guhuza binyuze mu bice bisanzwe (amabolt, imbuto cyangwa imigozi), guhuza no guhuza imigozi. Ugereranyije n'imiterere isanzwe y'imigozi, imiterere y'imigozi igabanya ubwoko bw'ibice, nka bolt, imbuto, imigozi n'ibindi bice. Imiterere y'imigozi imwe ihujwe kurusha imigozi ihuzwa n'imigozi igabanya umubare w'ibice by'imigozi y'imigozi.
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo guhuza hagati y’igice cy’imiterere n’igice cy’ubushyuhe: ibice by’imbere n’iby’inyuma birangana kandi biragororotse. Uburyo butandukanye bugena inzira zitandukanye zo guteranya. Urugero, icyerekezo cyo gukanda cya bushing kiri mu cyerekezo kimwe kandi kigororotse ku gice cy’ukuboko gizunguruka. Imashini ikoresha umutwe umwe ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukanda imbere n’inyuma icyarimwe, bigatuma abakozi, ibikoresho n’igihe bigabanuka; Niba icyerekezo cyo gushyiraho kidahuye (gihagaze), imashini ikoresha umutwe umwe ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukanda no gushyiraho bushing bikurikiranye, bigatuma abakozi n’ibikoresho bigabanuka; iyo bushing yagenewe gukanda imbere, hakenewe sitasiyo ebyiri n’imashini ebyiri, hanyuma bushing ikandwa buhoro buhoro.
