Impanuka z'imodoka zateje akaga gakomeye ku mutekano w'ingendo zacu. Nk'umuntu wujuje ibisabwa mu by'imodoka, tugomba kumenya ubumenyi bw'ibanze mu kubungabunga imodoka.
1. Ku modoka zihujwe ku buryo butunguranye cyangwa zihujwe n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'amajwi biri mu modoka, banza urebe ibice bihujwe n'uruziga rw'ibice bihujwe, hanyuma ukosore ikibazo. Kubera ko ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'amajwi bihujwe ku buryo butunguranye, biroroshye cyane gutera ikibazo cya mudasobwa y'imodoka n'ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, ibyo bibazo bigomba kubanza gukurwaho, hanyuma bigasanwa bigasimbuzwa ibindi bice byangiritse, bishobora kwirinda kongera kuvugururwa no gusanwa.
2. Ku modoka imaze igihe kinini idasanwa, ugomba kubanza gusuzuma kode ya VIN y'imodoka ifite imibare 17, ukamenya ubwoko, icyitegererezo, n'umwaka, hanyuma ugakora iperereza. Ntugahugire mu kugenzura imodoka igeragezwa mbere. Akenshi ubwoko bw'imodoka bukunze gusenywa bugateranywa n' "aho imodoka iherereye" bigatuma habaho kwangirika gukomeye, kandi ibice byasenywe ahanini ni ibice by'impimbano kandi bidakomeye. Kubwibyo, imiterere yo gusana (ishobora gusanwa, igihe cyo gusana, nibindi) igomba kumenyeshwa nyirayo kugira ngo hirindwe amakosa. Kubera ko hari amasomo menshi nk'ayo, ni ngombwa gufata ingamba zo kwirinda mbere yuko bibaho.
3. Guhera ku bushakashatsi ku bice by’imodoka bishya, ibice by’imodoka bishya akenshi ni byo bikunze kugaragaramo ibibazo byinshi. Kugira ngo bihuze n’ibyo isoko rikeneye, ibikoresho bitanga umuyaga mwinshi byashyizweho mu myaka yashize, ariko moteri ntabwo yavuguruwe. Nyuma yo gushyiraho icyuma gitanga umuyaga mwinshi, ingufu ziyongera, bigatuma moteri ya mbere idakora neza kandi nta mwuka mwiza ifite. Agakoresho gatanga umuyaga mwinshi gafungwa kenshi kandi gashya byoroshye. Kubwibyo, aho ikibazo kiri hashobora kumenyekana vuba binyuze mu ijwi ritanga umuyaga mwinshi. Nyuma yo gushyira turbocharger ku modoka ya Iveco, bimwe mu bice biba bifite ubuziranenge bubi, bushobora gutuma umwuka usohoka kandi ugashya. Kubwibyo, moteri iba idakomeye iyo izamuka kandi yihuta (ushobora kubigereranya n’ijwi). Ushobora kubanza kureba no kugenzura turbocharger. Niba igikoresho gifite urusaku rudasanzwe n’urusaku rudasanzwe.
4. Shaka ikibazo uhereye ku bice byahinduwe. Ku binyabiziga byigenga, nko gukoresha icyuma gikonjesha cya R134 mu guhindura lisansi muri mazutu, hamwe na firigo zongewemo fluorine, niba imodoka ifite ingufu nke, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byahiye, kandi ingaruka z'umwuka wo mu kirere zikaba mbi cyangwa zangiritse, ugomba kubanza gushaka icyuma gihindura amashanyarazi, uruziga rusimbura hamwe n'ibice bisimbura icyuma gikonjesha.
5. Kugira ngo imodoka zisanwe, banza urebe aho zakorewe mbere. Ibi bikurikira: Niba ibice bisimbura ari ibice by'impimbano kandi ari bibi; niba ibice byo gusenya byashyizwemo nabi (ibumoso, iburyo, imbere, inyuma, no hejuru no hasi); niba ibice bihuza bihuye n'ibimenyetso byo guteranya; niba ibice byo gusenya (bolts z'ingenzi n'imbuto) byasimbuwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'uruganda, imigozi y'umugozi, gaskets, impeta za O, nibindi); niba ibice (nk'amasoko y'amazi) byasimbuwe bibiri hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'uruganda; niba ikizamini cyo kuringaniza (nk'amapine) cyakozwe nyuma yo gusana, na nyuma yuko ibintu byavuzwe haruguru bikuweho, sesengura kandi ugenzure ibindi bice.
6. Ku modoka zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zihagarara kandi zigorana gutangirira kubera impanuka n'imitingito ikomeye, banza urebe igikoresho gifunga umutekano, kandi ntugashake ahandi hantu habi. Mu by'ukuri, igihe cyose igikoresho gifunga umutekano gisubiwemo, imodoka ishobora kongera gutangizwa. Fukang 988, Lexus yo mu Buyapani, Ford n'izindi modoka zifite iki gikoresho.
7. Shaka amakosa aturuka ku bice byo mu rugo. Mu gihe cyo gushyira aho imodoka zihurira, bimwe mu bice byakorewe mu rugo biri ku modoka koko bifite ubuziranenge buke. Ibi biboneka mu kugereranya ibintu byabayeho mbere na nyuma yo gusimbuza ibice byo mu rugo. Urugero, Iveco, ingoma za feri, disiki, na padi zisimbuzwa ibice byo mu rugo nyuma y’uko sisitemu ya feri ifite igipimo cyo kwangirika kiri hejuru kurusha ibice byatumijwe mu mahanga. Kubwibyo, mu gihe ureba niba hari ibyangiritse, ugomba gutangirana n'ibi. Ntukajye ubanza urebe cylinder ya feri, cylinder nto n'ibindi bice. Nyuma y’uko cylinder ya karuboni ku modoka ya Fukang EFI isimbujwe ibice byo mu rugo, birasakuza kandi byoroshye kuvamo amavuta. Kubwibyo, iyo moteri ikoze urusaku rudasanzwe, banza urebe niba cylinder ya karuboni ikora neza. Ibi byose ni ibintu biriho mu buryo bufatika muri iki gihe kandi bidashobora kwirindwa.
8. Tangira n'ibice bikoresha inshinge bitari iby'ikoranabuhanga. Imodoka zitumizwa mu mahanga n'imodoka zihurira hamwe zihura n'ibibazo hakiri kare nko kuba umuvuduko muke utagira icyo ukora no gutinda kwihuta. Ubwa mbere, banza ugenzure kandi usukure aho karuboni na rubber biherereye mu mazuru, mu bipimo by'amazi yinjira, mu byuma bipima umuvuduko w'amazi yinjira, hamwe n'ibyumba bikoresha umuvuduko bidakora bishobora kwangirikamo karuboni no mu byuma bikoresha kole. Ntugasuzume ibindi bice nka EFI, kuko ibice bya EFI muri rusange byizewe cyane, kandi muri iki gihe igice kinini cy'ibibazo bya EFI biterwa n'ubuziranenge buke bwa peteroli mu gihugu cyanjye.
Ibi byavuzwe haruguru bitanga ibisobanuro bifitanye isano n'ibibazo bisanzwe by'imodoka n'ubumenyi bwo kuyibungabunga. Reka turebere hamwe ibibazo bisanzwe by'imodoka?
Wakora iki niba imikorere y'imodoka yagabanutse?
Iyo imikorere y'imodoka igabanutse, uburyo bukurikira bushobora gukoreshwa: Ku mashini iyungurura amavuta n'amavuta, ihindure buri kilometero 5000, mu gihe mashini iyungurura umwuka n'amavuta bigomba gusimburwa buri kilometero 10.000. Bitabaye ibyo, imyanda iri mu kirere, lisansi n'amavuta bizatuma ibice byayo bisaza kandi biziba inzira y'amavuta, bityo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe ya moteri. Imodoka zigomba kubungabungwa neza, kandi hakorwe isuku n'ivugurura buri gihe.
Nakora iki niba ipine ry'imodoka ryacitse?
Nk’inkweto ziri ku birenge bine binini by’imodoka, amapine ahora ahura n’ibintu bitandukanye bigoye. Kubwibyo, amapine ahora afite ibibazo bitandukanye. Gusohoka k’umwuka ni kimwe muri byo. Reka tubiganireho hepfo. Uko wakwitwara mu gihe ipine yacitse:
Iyo imodoka ikubiswe n'ikintu gityaye bigatuma imodoka iva amazi, ushobora gusuzuma neza amapine y'imodoka. Iyo umuyoboro w'imodoka udahagaze neza, hagarika imodoka ahantu hizewe, hanyuma urebe niba umwuka wayo watakaye.
Iyo ikinyabiziga cyavuyemo amazi bitewe n'uburyo bwo gutwara nabi, ushobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara bwibanda ku mikorere myiza.
1. Menya umuvuduko, kandi wirinde ibintu bityaye nk'amabuye mu muhanda ku gihe.
2. Mu gihe uparika imodoka, gerageza kwirinda amenyo yo mu muhanda kugira ngo wirinde gushwanyagurika.
3. Amapine agomba gusimbuzwa igihe ntarengwa cyo kuyasana.
Nakora iki niba imodoka idashobora kwaka?
Muri iki gihe gishya gitandukanye, imodoka si uburyo bwo gutwara abantu gusa, ahubwo ni n'uburyo abaguzi bagaragaza imico yabo, ibitekerezo byabo, n'ibyo baharanira, kandi ni igice cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwa muntu. Ariko mu gihe imodoka yananiwe gutangira, twagombye kubanza kumenya impamvu ituma imodoka idashobora gutangira, hanyuma tukayiha umuti ukwiye.
1. Sisitemu yo gutwika ntabwo ikora neza
Cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ubukonje, kubera ko ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ujyamo ari buke, atomization y'amavuta muri silinda ntabwo iba nziza. Iyo ingufu zo gutwika zidahagije, ikibazo cy'amazi ya silinda kizaba, ni ukuvuga ko lisansi nyinshi yirundanya muri silinda, ikarenga urugero rw'umuriro kandi ntishobora kugerwaho.
Uburyo bwihutirwa: Ushobora gukuramo icyuma gifunga umuriro kugira ngo uhanagure amavuta ari hagati y’amashanyarazi, hanyuma ushobora gutangiza imodoka nyuma yo kuyishyiramo. Uburyo bwimbitse ni ukugenzura sisitemu yo gutwika kugira ngo ukureho impamvu zitera ingufu nke zo gutwika, nko gusiba amashanyarazi, ingufu zo gutwika, imiterere y’umurongo wa voltage nyinshi, nibindi.
2. Umuyoboro w'imyotsi uvamo umwuka ukonje
Isura irangwa n'umuvuduko wa silindiri y'igihu, amashanyarazi asanzwe n'ingufu, kandi imodoka ntitangire. Ibi bishobora kubaho mu modoka zifite ikoreshwa rito cyane. Urugero, iyo inzu yegereye cyane moteri, amazi ahumeka nyuma yo gushya ahita akonja ku cyuma gifunga umuyoboro w'imyotsi, kandi urubura rwo ejo rutarashonga kugira ngo rugende urugendo rugufi, kandi urubura rwo muri iki gihe rwakonje. Iyo bifashe igihe kirekire, bizagira ingaruka ku byuka, kandi niba bikomeye, ntibizashobora gutangirira.
Uburyo bwihutirwa: Shyira imodoka ahantu hashyushye, ishobora gutangira mu buryo busanzwe iyo ikonje. Kugira ngo ukemure ikibazo burundu, ushobora gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi mu gihe, kandi iyo imodoka ikomeje gukora cyane, ubushyuhe bw'imyuka isohora umwotsi buzashongesha urubura rwose maze rugasezererwa.
3. Kubura batiri
Ikiranga ni uko starter itangira kuzenguruka ariko umuvuduko ntuhagije, ni ukuvuga ko iba ari mike, hanyuma starter ikakanda gusa ntizunguruke. Ubushyuhe buke mu gihe cy'itumba no kwibagirwa kuzimya ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bizatuma imodoka inanirwa gutangirira, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'itumba kugira ngo ikoreshwe igihe kirekire mu muvuduko muto, ingufu za bateri zizaba ziri hasi ugereranyije n'agaciro kagenwe, gutangira no kudakora neza.
Uburyo bwihutirwa: Niba hari ikintu kibaye, nyamuneka hamagara sitasiyo ya lisansi kugira ngo utabarwe, cyangwa ushake imodoka, cyangwa ufate inkongi y'umuriro by'agateganyo, hanyuma ugomba kujya kuri sitasiyo ya lisansi kugira ngo wongere umuriro.
4. Kole y'urukiramende
Mu modoka zo mu gihe cy'itumba, cyane cyane iyo zikoresheje lisansi idasukuye, shinya idashya iri muri lisansi irundanya hafi y'aho imodoka zinjira n'aho zisohora umwuka ndetse n'aho zicana. Bizatera umuriro mwinshi mu gitondo gikonje cyangwa ntibifate mu gihe cy'ubukonje.
Uburyo bwihutirwa: Ushobora gushyira amavuta mu cyumba gishyushya, kandi muri rusange ushobora kuyatangiza. Nyuma yo kuyatangiza, jya kuri sitasiyo ya serivisi kugira ngo isukurwe nta nkomyi, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, imodoka igomba gutangizwa kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza kandi ikosore umutwe wa silindiri.
5. Urujya n'uruza rwa lisansi rurafunzwe
Ikiranga imikorere ni uko nta gitutu cy’amavuta kiba mu muyoboro w’amavuta ya moteri. Ibi bibaho cyane mu gitondo igihe ubushyuhe buba buri hasi cyane, kandi bigaterwa n’imiyoboro ya lisansi yanduye igihe kirekire. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, kuvanga amazi n’imyanda bituma umurongo wa lisansi ufunga, bityo bigatuma idatangira.
Uburyo bwihutirwa: Shyira imodoka ahantu hashyushye hanyuma utangire imodoka vuba; cyangwa ukoreshe uburyo bwo gusukura urusobe rw'amavuta kugira ngo ubikemure burundu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2021