Igisobanuro cy'umuco w'Iserukiramuco rya Qingming n'inkomoko y'ukwezi kwa Werurwe gatatu
Igisobanuro cy'umuco w'Iserukiramuco rya Qingming
“Iserukiramuco rya Qingming ni rimwe mu minsi mikuru gakondo y’ingenzi mu Bushinwa. Si umunsi mukuru abantu bahimbaza abakurambere babo no kwibukiranya abakurambere babo gusa, ahubwo ni n’umubano ku gihugu cy’Ubushinwa wo kumenya abakurambere babo, n’umuhango wo gutembera mu mpeshyi, kwegera ibidukikije no gushishikariza ubuzima bushya.” Umuganga w’amateka w’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abashinwa ry’Ubumenyi bw’Imibereho Myiza Shi Aidong yagize ati. Nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’Iserukiramuco rya Qingming, imihango yo gutamba ibitambo, gusohoka n’indi migenzo ahanini biva mu Iserukiramuco ry’Ibiryo Bikonje n’Iserukiramuco rya Shangsi. Iserukiramuco ry’Ibiryo Bikonje rifitanye isano n’uko abantu ba kera basobanukiwe ibidukikije. Mu Bushinwa, kuvugurura umuriro mushya nyuma y’ibiryo bikonje ni umuhango w’inzibacyuho wo gusezera ku bya kera no kwinjiza ibishya, bigahishura amakuru y’impinduka z’ibihe, bigaragaza intangiriro y’igihembwe gishya, ibyiringiro bishya, ubuzima bushya n’uruziga rushya. Nyuma, rifite ibisobanuro bya “gushima”, kandi rigashimangira cyane kwibuka no gushimira “ibyahise”.
Ibiryo bikonje bibujijwe umuriro, ibiryo bikonje, imva y'ibitambo, Qingming itangira gusohoka. Mbere y'ingoma ya Tang, ibiryo bikonje na Qingming byari ibirori bibiri bikurikiranye bifite insanganyamatsiko zitandukanye. Iya mbere yari iyo kuririra abapfuye mu gihe iya kabiri yari iyo gushaka ubuvuzi bushya ku banyeshuri. Yin na Yang, ubuzima bw'umwuka, byombi bifitanye isano ya hafi. Kubuza umuriro ni ukubyara umuriro, gutanga urupfu ni ukurokora ubuzima, ari na wo muco w'imbere hagati y'ibiryo bikonje na Qingming. Ku ngoma y'Umwami w'abami Xuanzong w'ingoma ya Tang, urukiko rw'ibwami rwashyizeho umuco wo gusukura imva z'abantu mu buryo bw'amategeko ya leta ku iserukiramuco ry'ibiryo bikonje mbere y'iserukiramuco rya Qingming. Kubera ko ibiryo bikonje n'iserukiramuco rya Qingming byari bifitanye isano rya hafi mu gihe, umuco w'iserukiramuco ry'ibiryo bikonje wahujwe n'iserukiramuco rya Qingming hakiri kare cyane, kandi gusukura imva byavaga ku biryo bikonje bikagera ku iserukiramuco rya Qingming.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu Ngoma y'Indirimbo, Qingming n'ibiryo bikonje byagiye byinjira mu kindi, maze Qingming ifata umuhango wo gutamba mu Iserukiramuco ry'Ibiryo Bikonje yitwa. Muri icyo gihe, imigenzo y'iserukiramuco rya "Shangsi spring" nayo yahujwe mu Iserukiramuco rya Qingming. Nyuma y'ingoma za Ming na Qing, Iserukiramuco rya Shangsi ryavuye muri gahunda y'iserukiramuco, maze Iserukiramuco ry'Ibiryo Bikonje ryarazimye. Impeshyi ni yo yabaye Iserukiramuco rimwe gusa rya Qingming.
“Iserukiramuco rya Qingming ni ihurizo n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iminsi mikuru hafi ya yose yo mu mpeshyi, kandi umuco w’Iserukiramuco rya Qingming ufite ibisobanuro by’umuco.” Bitandukanye n’indi minsi mikuru gakondo, Iserukiramuco rya Qingming ni iserukiramuco rihuriweho rihuza “amagambo y’izuba” n’ “imigenzo y’ibirori”. Qingming ikomoka ku ijambo ry’izuba iri mu mpeshyi nyuma y’uko, muri iki gihe ikirere gishyushye, cyuzuye imbaraga, abantu bagenda mu misozi, begereye ibidukikije, bishobora kuvugwa ko bubahiriza umunsi, bifasha mu kwinjiza umwuka wa Yang, gukwirakwiza ubukonje n’ihungabana, ari byiza ku buzima bw’umubiri n’ubwo mu mutwe.
Guhera mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Tang, ibiryo bikonje na Qingming byahuriranaga ku biruhuko, kandi amazina atandukanye y'imyaka yagiraga ikiruhuko cy'iminsi ine kugeza kuri irindwi. Ingoma y'indirimbo ni cyo gihe ubuzima bwagendaga burushaho kuba imijyi n'imigenzo gakondo yatera imbere mu bijyanye n'imyidagaduro. Kugira ngo abantu bemererwe gusukura imva no kujya muri Qingming, byagenwe by'umwihariko ko Taixue ifite ikiruhuko cy'iminsi itatu n'imikino yo kurwana ifite ikiruhuko cy'umunsi umwe. "Ikarita y'Uruzi rwa Qingming" igaragaza ishusho ya Qingming yari imeze neza icyo gihe.
Gutunganya imva no gusohoka, byabanje kuba ingingo ebyiri zitandukanye z’umuco, nyuma y’ingoma y’indirimbo byinjira buhoro buhoro, kandi bikomeza guhabwa agaciro keza k’umuco. Abantu bahuza mu buryo butaziguye gusenga abakurambere n’imiterere y’igihugu cy’Abashinwa, ibyo bikaba biha agaciro gakomeye ubwitange bw’ababyeyi no gukurikirana neza ibyahise, kandi batekereza ko imigenzo y’Iserukiramuco rya Qingming igaragaza umuco w’Abashinwa wo gushimira no kutibagirwa inkomoko yabo. Akamaro kayo k’umuco karasa n’umunsi mukuru w’ishimwe w’iburengerazuba. Hariho isano ikomeye hagati y’ibikorwa byo gusenga abakurambere n’umuco wo kubaha ababyeyi ushingiye ku muryango, kandi uyu muco ni wo nkingi y’iterambere ry’umuryango w’Abashinwa mu myaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, bifasha gushyiraho umubano uhuza abantu ba kera n’ab’ubu, ababanjirije n’abazabakomokaho, kandi bigakomeza guteza imbere umubano uhuza abantu n’abantu, umuntu n’ibidukikije. Uyu ni wo musingi gakondo w’Iserukiramuco rya Qingming rifite imbaraga zikomeye.
Shi Aidong yavuze ko hamwe n’iterambere ry’imbaraga zitanga umusaruro n’iterambere ry’imibereho, Iserukiramuco rya Qingming ryagaragaye mbere nk’icyerekezo cyo guhinduka kuva ku gitambo gitagatifu kugera ku myidagaduro idashingiye ku idini, kandi imva y’Iserukiramuco rya Qingming yabaye igihe cy’ibiruhuko byo gusohokera mu mpeshyi. Kubera ko igiti cy’umukingo ari igihe cy’impeshyi, igiti cy’umukingo n’igiti cy’umukingo nabyo ni imigenzo n’imyambarire byihariye bya Qingming. Mu gihe cya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa, umunsi wo gutera igiti cy’umukingo wigeze kuba "Umunsi wo gutera". Ariko, uko byagenda kose, icyunamo n’igitambo ni byo bintu by’ingenzi cyane muri Qingming y’Ubushinwa.
“Byaba ari inkomoko cyangwa iterambere ryayo, dushobora muri make ibisobanuro bibiri by’ikigereranyo by’Iserukiramuco rya Qingming, kimwe ni 'urwibutso rwa Thanksgiving' ikindi ni 'gushishikariza abanyeshuri bashya'.”
Inkomoko y'ugusenga abakurambere ku munsi wa gatatu w'ukwezi kwa gatatu
Umuhango wo kuramya umwaka w'Umwami w'Umuhondo wa Ding Haishi ku ya 19 Mata (umunsi wa gatatu w'ukwezi kwa gatatu) mu mujyi wa Xuanyuan Huangdi - Umujyi wa Xinzheng, Intara ya Henan.
Umuyobozi wa komite itegura umuhango wa Baizu, visi perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi ku muco rya Yanhuang mu Bushinwa, Perezida wa CPPCC mu Ntara ya Henan, Wang Shu, yavuze ko kuva kera habayeho umugani ugira uti “Ku ya 3 Werurwe, Xuanyuan yavutse”. Kuramya Umwami w’umuhondo wa Xuanyuan, ni umuhango gakondo w’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Wagaragaye bwa mbere mu nyandiko z’amateka, igihe cy’impeshyi n’impeshyi. Nyuma y’ingoma ya Tang, byagiye biba itegeko, kugeza ubu.
Dukurikije inyandiko z'amateka, Umujyi wa Xinzheng mu Ntara ya Henan witwaga Igihugu cy'Idubu mu gihe cy'Umwami w'Umuhondo. Hari ibisigazwa by'umuco birenga 20 by'Umwami w'Umuhondo, kandi niho Umwami w'Umuhondo yavukiye, atangirira ubucuruzi bwe anashinga umurwa mukuru we. Xuanyuan Huangdi muri aka gace Xiude zhen abasirikare, abantu baruhura, impamyabumenyi ya kane, Umwami Rong Yan yahuje isi.
Ibisekuruza byakurikiyeho kugira ngo bibuke ibyiza by'Umwami w'Umuhondo, buri mwaka ku munsi wa gatatu wa Werurwe mu mujyi w'Umwami w'Umuhondo biberamo ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kuramya abakurambere, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'impeshyi n'impeshyi, izina rya leta ya Zheng ni ugukomeza iki gikorwa gakondo, kuzamuka kw'umusozi wa gatatu wa Werurwe (uri mu Mujyi wa Xinzheng, ibikorwa bya kera by'Umwami w'Umuhondo) biramya ibikorwa by'Umwami w'Umuhondo Xuanyuan, kandi hakomeje kubaho imigani.
Wang Liqun, umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Henan, yavuze ko uretse kuba Umwami w’Umuhondo yafatwaga nk’ikimenyetso cy’umuco mu gihe cy’ubuhanga, hari n’ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi: Umwami w’Umuhondo yari umukurambere rusange w’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’akanama gashinzwe gutegura umuhango wo kuramya abakurambere b’aho Umwami w’Umuhondo yavukiye mu mwaka wa Dinghai mu Ntara ya Henan, ibikorwa binini byo kuramya abakurambere byateguwe mu Mujyi wa Xinzheng, umujyi Umwami w’Umuhondo yavukiyemo, byatangiye mu 1992, nyuma biza guhinduka iserukiramuco rya Yanhuang, rimaze kuba inshuro zirenga 10. Mu ngengabihe y’ukwezi yo ku ya 3 Werurwe 2006, Intara ya Henan mu mwaka umuhango wo kuramya Umwami w’Umuhondo yabereye mu Mujyi wa Xinzheng neza, ugira ingaruka zikomeye mu gihugu no mu mahanga.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-03-2024