Guhindura imodoka ni incamake y'ijambo "uburyo bwo gukora shift lever", risobanura inzira yo gukora aho umushoferi ahora ahindura aho shift lever iherereye bitewe n'imiterere y'umuhanda n'umuvuduko w'ikinyabiziga binyuze mu ngendo zitandukanye zo mu mutwe no mu buryo bw'umubiri. Mu gihe kirekire cyo gutwara imodoka, abantu bagiye bayikoresha kubera izina ryayo rigufi kandi ritaziguye. Inshuro ikoreshwa ni nyinshi cyane. Kandi uburyo ikoreshwa (cyane cyane imodoka itwara intoki) bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'abantu mu gutwara imodoka.
Uburyo bwitwa "uburyo bwo gukora shift lever" bugarukira kuri "shift lever" ubwayo; mu gihe guhindura shift bitarimo gusa "uburyo bwo gukora shift lever", ahubwo icy'ingenzi kurushaho, hashingiwe ku kugera ku ntego (shift), harimo no gupima umuvuduko w'ikinyabiziga, nibindi. Imiterere yose y'imitekerereze n'imyitwarire, harimo n'ibice bimwe na bimwe.
Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki mu guhinduranya ibikoresho bishobora kuvugwa mu magambo umunani: ku gihe, neza, bihamye kandi byihuse.
Ku gihe: Menya neza igihe gikwiye cyo guhinduranya ibikoresho, ni ukuvuga ko udakwiye kongera ibikoresho hakiri kare cyane, cyangwa ngo ugabanye ibikoresho nyuma y’igihe kirekire.
Nibyo: Pendal ya clutch, pedal y'umuvuduko n'icyuma gifata ibikoresho bigomba guhuzwa neza kandi bihujwe, kandi aho biherereye hagomba kuba hameze neza.
Ihamye: Nyuma yo guhindura vitesi nshya, rekura pedali ya clutch mu buryo burambye kandi buhamye.
Byihuse: Igikorwa kigomba kuba cyihuse kugira ngo kigabanye igihe cyo gukora akazi, kigabanye igihombo cy'ingufu z'imodoka, kandi kigabanye ikoreshwa rya lisansi.
gukora
bloki
(1) Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kongeramo bloki. Mbere yuko imodoka yongera vitesi, ukurikije imiterere y'umuhanda n'ibinyabiziga, genda kuri pedali y'umuvuduko buhoro buhoro wongere umuvuduko w'imodoka buhoro buhoro. Iyi nzira yitwa "kwiruka imodoka". Iyo umuvuduko w'imodoka ukwiriye kwimuka ukajya kuri vitesi yo hejuru, hita uzamura pedali y'umuvuduko, genda kuri pedali y'umuvuduko, hanyuma uhindure lever y'umuvuduko ukajya kuri vitesi yo hejuru; Genda neza. Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, koresha uburyo bumwe kugira ngo wimure kuri vitesi yo hejuru. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kongera neza ni ingano y'"imodoka yihuta". Intera y'"imodoka yihuta" igomba kugenwa hakurikijwe urwego rw'ibikoresho byongeweho. Uko vitesi iba nini, niko intera y'"imodoka yihuta" iba ndende. Iyo "yihuta", pedali y'umuvuduko igomba kuzunguzwa buhoro buhoro, kandi umuvuduko uri hagati ugomba kuzamurwa vuba. Iyo vitesi izamurwa, nyuma yo kwimuka mu vitesi yo hejuru, pedali y'umuvuduko igomba kuzamurwa vuba ikagera aho ihuriye. Igomba guhagarara igihe gito hanyuma ikazamurwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo ingufu zihinduke neza kandi wirinde gutuma imodoka "yihuta" nyuma yo kwimuka.
(2) Igihe cyo kongera imodoka. Iyo imodoka itwaye imodoka, mu gihe cyose imiterere y'umuhanda n'uburyo imodoka zigenda, igomba kwimurirwa kuri vitesi yo hejuru mu gihe. Mbere yo kongera vitesi, ugomba kwihutisha "imodoka yihuta" kugira ngo urebe ko hari imbaraga zihagije zo gutuma imodoka ikomeza kugenda neza nyuma yo kuyihindura. Niba "kwihuta" (umuvuduko w'imodoka) ari muto cyane (uri hasi), bizatera imbaraga nke no kutishima nyuma yo kuyihindura; niba igihe cyo "kwihuta" ari kirekire cyane, moteri izagenda ku muvuduko mwinshi igihe kirekire, ibyo bizongera kwangirika no kugabanya igiciro. Kubwibyo, "imodoka yihuta" igomba kuba ikwiye, kandi vitesi igomba kongerwamo igihe. Igihe cy'ibitesi kigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ijwi rya moteri, umuvuduko n'imbaraga. Iyo ukandagiye kuri pedali y'umuvuduko nyuma yo kuyihindura, umuvuduko wa moteri uragabanuka kandi ingufu zikaba zidahagije, bivuze ko igihe cyo kuyihindura ari kare cyane.
Urukurikirane rw'imikorere: ongeramo vitesi ntoya kuri vitesi nini, oza amavuta y'imodoka neza kugira ngo ikomeze kugenda; intambwe imwe yo gufata intambwe ya kabiri yo kumanika, n'izindi ecran eshatu zo kongeramo lisansi.
Ingingo z'ibikorwa: kwihutisha imodoka kugira ngo wumve ijwi, shyiramo clutch hanyuma ufate neutral; tegereza kugeza igihe ijwi ry'amavuta ryumvikana, hanyuma ushyiremo clutch hanyuma wongereho vitesi.
kugabanya ibiciro
(1) Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kugabanya imodoka. Kuramo pedali yo kugabanya imodoka, kandagira pedali ya clutch vuba, shyiramo pedali ya clutch mu mwanya utagira aho ubogamiye, hanyuma urekure pedali ya clutch, kandagira pedali ya accelerator vuba ukoresheje ikirenge cyawe cy'iburyo (ongeramo "amavuta y'ubusa"), hanyuma ukandagire pedali ya clutch vuba, shyiramo pedali ya gikoresho ku rwego rwo hasi. Guma, kanda uburyo bwa fast-stop-slow kugira ngo urekure pedali ya clutch, kugira ngo imodoka ikomeze kugenda mu modoka nshya.
(2) Igihe cyo kugabanya umuvuduko. Mu gihe utwaye imodoka, iyo wumva ko imbaraga za moteri zidahagije kandi umuvuduko w'imodoka ukagabanuka buhoro buhoro, bivuze ko vitesi ya mbere itagishobora gukomeza gutwara imodoka nk'uko bisanzwe, kandi ugomba guhindura vitesi nto mu gihe kandi vuba. Niba umuvuduko wagabanutse cyane, ushobora gusimbuka kugabanya umuvuduko.
Uburyo bwo gukora: gabanya vitesi ku gipimo gito iyo ugeze kuri vitesi, ntugatinye iyo ubonye umuvuduko w'imodoka; intambwe imwe ifata iya kabiri, naho intambwe ya gatatu ihindura amavuta kugira ngo ikomeze kugenda.
Ingingo z'ingenzi: Fata accelerator hanyuma ufate lisansi idafite aho ibogamiye, hanyuma usukemo lisansi ukurikije umuvuduko w'imodoka; mu gihe urusaku rw'lisansi rudashira, kanda clutch hanyuma uhindure vitesi ntoya.
guhinduranya n'intoki
Ku modoka ikoresha intoki, akamaro ka clutch ntigakwiye kwirengagizwa kugira ngo uyitware neza. Mu gihe utwaye imodoka, ntugakandagire clutch cyangwa ngo ushyire ikirenge cyawe kuri clutch pedal igihe cyose, keretse iyo imodoka itangiye, ihinduye umuhanda kandi ifashe feri ku muvuduko muto, ugomba gukandagira clutch pedal.
Gukoresha neza mu gutangira. Ingingo z'ingenzi mu gukora kwa pedali ya clutch mu gutangira ni "guhuza rimwe ryihuse, abiri buhoro, atatu". Ni ukuvuga ko iyo pedali izamuwe, irazamurwa vuba; iyo pedali isa n'aho ifite aho ihuriye (urusaku rwa moteri ruhinduka muri iki gihe), umuvuduko wo guterura pedali ugenda buhoro gato; kuva ku guhuza kugeza ku guhuza kose, pedali irazamurwa buhoro buhoro muri pedali. Mu gihe pedali izamurwa, kanda buhoro buhoro pedali ya accelerator ukurikije ubukana bwa moteri, kugira ngo imodoka itangire neza.
Gukoresha neza iyo uhinduranya vitesi. Iyo uhinduranya vitesi mu gihe utwaye imodoka, pedali ya clutch igomba gukandagirwaho vuba kandi ikazamurwa, kandi nta kintu na kimwe kigomba kubaho, bitabaye ibyo, gutwikira bizihuta. Byongeye kandi, witondere imikoranire n'agakoresho ka throttle mu gihe ukoresha. Kugira ngo uhinduranya vitesi neza kandi ugabanye gucika kw'uburyo bwo guhinduranya vitesi na clutch, "uburyo bwo guhinduranya vitesi bugira amaguru abiri" burasabwa. Nubwo ubu buryo bugoye cyane gukoresha, ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuzigama amafaranga utwaye imodoka.
Gukoresha neza iyo ufata feri. Mu gihe utwara imodoka, uretse feri yihuta cyane kugira ngo uhagarike feri ya clutch, gerageza kudakanda feri ya clutch iyo ufata feri mu zindi mpamvu.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura imodoka hakoreshejwe intoki buragoye cyane, kandi hari ubuhanga n'inama zimwe na zimwe. Mu gushaka ingufu, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya igihe cyo guhinduranya imodoka no kureka imodoka ikagenda yihuta cyane. Mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, iyo moteri rusange iri hafi y'umuvuduko wo hejuru, kwihuta ni byo birushaho kuryoha.
akazi ko guhindura imodoka mu buryo bwikora
Uburyo bwo guhindura vitesi bwikora bugenzurwa na mudasobwa, kandi imikorere yayo ni yoroshye.
1. Mu gihe utwaye imodoka mu muhanda ugororotse, muri rusange koresha "D". Niba utwaye imodoka mu muhanda urimo abantu benshi mu mujyi, hindura ukoreshe "3rd gear" kugira ngo ubone imbaraga nyinshi.
2. Gira feri y'ubufasha yo kugenzura ikirenge cy'ibumoso. Niba ushaka gutwara imodoka ku muhanda muto mbere yo kwinjira aho imodoka zihagarara, ushobora kugenzura umuvuduko w'imodoka ukoresheje ikirenge cy'iburyo, hanyuma ugakandagira feri ukoresheje ikirenge cy'ibumoso kugira ngo ugenzure imodoka igenda imbere buhoro buhoro kugira ngo wirinde kugongana n'inyuma.
Uburyo bwo gutoranya ibiziga bya transmission yikora bungana n'uburyo bwo gupakira ibiziga bya transmission y'intoki. Muri rusange, hari ibi bikurikira: P (guparika), R (ibiziga bisubira inyuma), N (bitagira aho bibogamiye), D (imbere), S (cyangwa2, aribyo 2). viziga), L (cyangwa1, ni ukuvuga viziga ya mbere). Gukoresha neza ibiziga ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku batwara imodoka ikoresha transmission yikora. Nyuma yo gutangiza imodoka ifite transmission yikora, niba ushaka gukomeza kwihuta neza, ushobora guhora ufunguye accelerator nini, kandi transmission yikora izazamuka mu gikoresho cyo hejuru ku muvuduko wo hejuru; niba ushaka kugenda neza, ushobora kuzamura pedal ya gazi mu gihe gikwiye kandi transmission izazamuka mu buryo bwikora. Kugumana moteri ku muvuduko umwe bitanga uburyo bworoshye kandi butuje. Muri iki gihe, kanda gato pedal yikora kugira ngo ukomeze kwihuta, kandi transmission ntizasubira ku gikoresho cya mbere ako kanya. Iyi ni imirimo yo kuzamura no gutinda yakozwe n'uwayishushanyije kugira ngo hirindwe ko ihinduka kenshi. Sobanukirwa uku kuri, ushobora kwishimira ibyishimo byo gutwara imodoka bizanwa no gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwikora uko ubyifuza.
ubukungu
Dufashe urugero rw'imodoka ya Audi, iyo itwaye ku muvuduko uhoraho wa kilometero 40 na kilometero 100 ku isaha, umuvuduko wa moteri muri rusange ni 1800-2000 rpm, kandi izazamuka ikagera kuri 3000 rpm mu gihe cyo kwihuta cyane. Kubwibyo, dushobora gutekereza ko 2000 rpm ari umuvuduko uhendutse, ushobora gukoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo cyo gutwara imodoka n'intoki.
Igereranya ry’ibyerekanwa, imodoka za 1.8 na 1.8T zitwara intoki zihuta cyane kuri uyu muvuduko muri buri verisiyo iyo moteri ifite umuvuduko wa 2000 rpm. Ba nyiri verisiyo bifuza kuzigama lisansi bashobora guhindura verisiyo mu muvuduko wa 2000 rpm, mu gihe abakurikirana ingufu bashobora gutinza guhindura.
