Igiciro cyuruganda SAIC MAXUS T60 C00021134 Swing arm ball ball umutwe

igitekerezo

Imiterere isanzwe yo guhagarikwa igizwe nibintu byoroshye, uburyo bwo kuyobora, ibyuma bikurura, nibindi, kandi inyubako zimwe na zimwe zifite blffffers, utubari twa stabilisateur, nibindi. amasoko. Guhagarika imodoka zigezweho ahanini zikoresha amasoko ya coil hamwe na torsion bar isoko, kandi imodoka zimwe zo murwego rwohejuru zikoresha amasoko.

Igikorwa cy'igice:

imashini

Imikorere: Igikoresho cyo guhungabana nikintu cyingenzi kibyara imbaraga zo kumanura. Igikorwa cyayo nukwihutisha guhuza ihindagurika ryimodoka, kunoza ubworoherane bwimodoka, no kongera guhuza hagati yiziga nubutaka. Mubyongeyeho, imashini ikurura irashobora kugabanya umutwaro uremereye wigice cyumubiri, Kongera igihe cyakazi cyimodoka. Imashini itwara imashini ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka ahanini ni ubwoko bwa silinderi ya hydraulic shock absorber, kandi imiterere yabyo irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: ubwoko bwa silindiri ebyiri, ubwoko bumwe bwa silinderi hamwe nubwoko bubiri bwa silinderi. [2]

Ihame ry'akazi: Iyo uruziga rusimbutse hejuru no hasi, piston yo gukuramo imashini isubiranamo mu cyumba gikoreramo, ku buryo amazi y’icyuma gikurura ibintu anyura muri orifice kuri piston, kubera ko amazi afite ububobere runaka nigihe amazi inyura muri orifice, ihura nurukuta rw'umwobo Ubuvanganzo butangwa hagati yabo, kugirango ingufu za kinetic zihindurwe ingufu zubushyuhe hanyuma zijugunywe mu kirere, kugirango bigere kumurimo wo kunyeganyega.

(2) Ibintu byoroshye

Imikorere: shyigikira umutwaro uhagaze, koroshya no kubuza kunyeganyega ningaruka ziterwa nubuso bwumuhanda utaringaniye. Ibintu bya elastike birimo ahanini amababi yamababi, isoko ya coil, isoko ya torsion isoko, isoko yumwuka nisoko ya rubber, nibindi.

Ihame: Ibice bikozwe mubikoresho bifite ubuhanga bukomeye, iyo uruziga rwagize ingaruka nini, ingufu za kinetic zihinduka imbaraga zishobora kuba zoroshye kandi zikabikwa, zikarekurwa iyo uruziga rusimbutse cyangwa rusubira muburyo bwambere bwo gutwara.

(3) Uburyo bwo kuyobora

Uruhare rwuburyo buyobora ni ugukwirakwiza imbaraga nigihe, kandi bikagira uruhare runini. Mugihe cyo gutwara imodoka, inzira yinziga irashobora kugenzurwa.

Ingaruka

Guhagarika ni iteraniro ryingenzi mumodoka, ihuza byimazeyo ikiziga niziga, kandi bifitanye isano nibikorwa bitandukanye byimodoka. Uhereye hanze, guhagarika imodoka bigizwe gusa ninkoni zimwe, imiyoboro n'amasoko, ariko ntutekereze ko byoroshye. Ibinyuranye na byo, guhagarika imodoka ni inteko yimodoka igoye kuzuza ibisabwa byuzuye, kuko guhagarikwa byombi Kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa byimodoka, birakenewe kandi kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango umutekano wifashe neza, kandi byombi ibintu bitandukanye. Kurugero, kugirango ugere ku ihumure ryiza, birakenewe ko usunika cyane kunyeganyega kwimodoka, bityo isoko igomba kuba yarakozwe kugirango yoroshe, ariko isoko iroroshye, ariko biroroshye gutuma imodoka ifata "umutwe" ", kwihutisha" umutwe hejuru "hanyuma uzunguruke cyane ibumoso n'iburyo. Impengamiro ntabwo ifasha kuyobora imodoka, kandi biroroshye gutuma imodoka idahinduka.

guhagarikwa kutigenga

Imiterere yimiterere yo guhagarikwa kutigenga ni uko ibiziga kumpande zombi bihujwe numutwe wuzuye, kandi ibiziga hamwe na axe bihagarikwa munsi yikadiri cyangwa umubiri wibinyabiziga binyuze mumashanyarazi. Ihagarikwa ridafite ubwigenge rifite ibyiza byuburyo bworoshye, igiciro gito, imbaraga nyinshi, kubungabunga byoroshye, hamwe nimpinduka nto muguhuza ibiziga byimbere mugihe utwaye. Ariko, kubera ihumure ribi no gukemura ibibazo, ntabwo bigikoreshwa mumodoka zigezweho. , ahanini ikoreshwa mu makamyo na bisi.

Amababi yamababi adahagarikwa kwigenga

Amababi yamababi akoreshwa nkibintu byoroshye byo guhagarikwa kutigenga. Kuberako nayo ikora nkuburyo bwo kuyobora, sisitemu yo guhagarika yoroshye cyane.

Amababi maremare maremare adasanzwe yigenga akoresha amasoko yamababi nkibintu byoroshye kandi atondekanye kumodoka ibangikanye na axitudinal yimodoka.

Ihame ryakazi: Iyo imodoka yirutse mumuhanda utaringaniye kandi ihuye numutwaro wingaruka, ibiziga bitwara umutambiko kugirango usimbuke, kandi isoko yamababi nimpera yo hepfo yikuramo ibyuma nabyo bizamuka icyarimwe. Uburebure bwiyongera mugihe cyo kuzamuka kwizamuka ryibibabi birashobora guhuzwa no kwaguka kwinyuma yinyuma nta nkomyi. Kuberako impera yo hejuru yikintu gikonjesha gikosorwa kandi impera yo hepfo ikazamuka, bihwanye no gukora muburyo bwifunitse, kandi damping yiyongera kugirango ihindure umushyitsi. Iyo gusimbuka ingano ya axle irenze intera iri hagati yumurongo wa bffer nimbibi ntarengwa, guhuza imiyoboro ihuza kandi igahagarikwa hamwe nimbibi. [2]

Itondekanya: Amababi maremare yamababi adafite ubwigenge arashobora kugabanywa mubice bitamenyerewe byamababi yamababi adafite ubwigenge, guhagarikwa kuringaniza hamwe no guhuza amababi maremare adasanzwe yigenga. Nibihagarikwa bitigenga hamwe namababi maremare.

1. Asimmetric longitudinal ibibabi isoko idahwitse

Asymmetric longitudinal leaf spring idahwitse yigenga bivuga guhagarikwa aho intera iri hagati yikigo cya U-shusho ya U na centre yimitsi kumpande zombi ntiringana mugihe isoko yamababi maremare yashizwe kumurongo (ikiraro) .

2. Guhagarika impirimbanyi

Ihagarikwa ryuzuye ni ihagarikwa ryemeza ko umutwaro uhagaze kumuziga kumurongo uhujwe (axle) burigihe buringaniye. Igikorwa cyo gukoresha ihagarikwa ryuzuye ni ukureba neza imikoranire hagati yiziga nubutaka, umutwaro umwe, no kwemeza ko umushoferi ashobora kugenzura icyerekezo cyimodoka kandi imodoka ifite imbaraga zihagije zo gutwara.

Ukurikije imiterere itandukanye, guhagarika impagarike birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwinkoni nubwoko bwamaboko.

RustWizere inkoni iringaniye. Yakozwe hamwe na verisiyo ihagaritse yamababi yamababi, kandi impera zayo zombi zishyirwa muburyo bwa plaque plaque hejuru hejuru yinyuma yinyuma yinyuma. Igice cyo hagati gishyizwe kumurongo uringaniye ukoresheje U-shusho ya U, kandi irashobora kuzenguruka uruziga ruringaniye, kandi uruziga rushyizwe kumurongo wikinyabiziga unyuze mumutwe. Impera imwe yinkoni isunikwa yashyizwe kumurongo wikinyabiziga, naho indi mpera ihujwe na axe. Inkoni yo gusunika ikoreshwa mu kohereza imbaraga zo gutwara, imbaraga zo gufata feri nimbaraga zijyanye na reaction.

Ihame ryakazi ryo guhagarika inkoni iringaniza ni ikinyabiziga gifite imitambiko myinshi igenda kumuhanda utaringaniye. Niba buri ruziga rwemeje ibyuma bisanzwe byubatswe nkibishobora guhagarikwa, ntibishobora kwemeza ko ibiziga byose bihura nubutaka, ni ukuvuga ko ibiziga bimwe bitwara vertical Umutwaro wagabanutse (cyangwa na zeru) byagora kuri umushoferi kugenzura icyerekezo cyurugendo niba bibaye kumuziga. Niba bibaye kumuziga, bimwe (niba atari byose) byingufu zo gutwara bizabura. Shyiramo umutambiko wo hagati hamwe nu murongo winyuma wikinyabiziga cyimitambiko itatu kumpande zombi zumurongo uringaniye, naho igice cyo hagati cyumurongo kiringaniye gihujwe nurwego rwikinyabiziga. Kubwibyo, ibiziga ku biraro byombi ntibishobora kuzamuka no kumanuka byigenga. Niba uruziga urwo arirwo rwose rucengeye mu rwobo, urundi ruziga ruzamuka hejuru bitewe nuburinganire. Kubera ko amaboko yumurongo wa stabilisateur afite uburebure bungana, umutwaro uhagaze kumuziga yombi uhora uringaniye.

Guhagarika inkoni iringaniza ikoreshwa kumurongo winyuma wikinyabiziga cya 6 × 6 cyimodoka eshatu ziva kumuhanda hamwe namakamyo 6 × 4 atatu.

Kwerekana ukuboko kuringaniza guhagarika. Guhagarika hagati-axle ihindura imiterere yamababi maremare. Inyuma yinyuma ifatanye kumpera yimbere yukuboko kwizunguruka, mugihe igitambambuga cyamaboko cyiziritse gifatanye kumurongo. Impera yinyuma yukuboko kuzunguruka ihujwe na axe yinyuma (axle) yimodoka.

Ihame ryakazi ryo guhagarika amaboko aringaniza ni uko imodoka igenda mumuhanda utaringaniye. Niba ikiraro cyo hagati kiguye mu rwobo, ukuboko kuzunguruka kuzakururwa unyuze mu mugongo winyuma hanyuma ukazenguruka ku isaha yerekeza ku isaha izengurutse uruziga rw'ukuboko. Uruziga ruzenguruka ruzamuka. Ukuboko kuzunguruka hano ni lever, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryikwirakwizwa ryumutwaro uhagaritse kumurongo winyuma ninyuma biterwa nigipimo cyimikorere yukuboko kuzunguruka hamwe nuburebure bwimbere ninyuma bwibibabi byamababi.

Coil isoko idahwitse

Kuberako isoko ya coil, nkibintu byoroshye, irashobora kwikorera imitwaro ihagaritse gusa, uburyo bwo kuyobora hamwe nogukoresha imashini bigomba kongerwaho sisitemu yo guhagarika.

Igizwe n'amasoko ya coil, imashini ikurura, inkoni ndende ndende, inkoni zo kuruhande, inkoni zishimangira nibindi bice. Imiterere yuburyo nuko ibiziga byibumoso niburyo byahujwe muri rusange hamwe nigiti cyose. Impera yo hepfo yikurura ryashyizwe kumurongo winyuma, naho impera yo hejuru ifatanye numubiri wikinyabiziga. Isoko ya coil yashyizwe hagati yisoko yo hejuru nintebe yo hepfo hanze yikurura. Impera yinyuma yinkoni ndende isudira kuri axe kandi impera yimbere ihambiriye kumurongo wikinyabiziga. Impera imwe ya tronc tronc tronc yometse kumubiri wikinyabiziga, naho urundi ruba rufatiye kumurongo. Iyo ukora, amasoko afite umutwaro uhagaritse, kandi imbaraga ndende nimbaraga zo guhinduranya bitwarwa ninkoni ndende kandi ihindagurika. Iyo uruziga rusimbutse, umutambiko wose uzunguruka uzengurutse ingingo ya hinge y'inkoni ndende hamwe n'inkoni yo kuruhande ku mubiri w'ikinyabiziga. Rubber bushings kumwanya wa articulation ikuraho intambamyi iyo axle ihindagurika. Impanuka ya coil idahwitse irakwiriye guhagarikwa inyuma yimodoka zitwara abagenzi.

Ikirere cyo mu kirere kitigenga

Iyo imodoka ikora, kubera ihinduka ryumutwaro hamwe nubuso bwumuhanda, gukomera kwihagarikwa birasabwa guhinduka bikurikije. Imodoka zirasabwa kugabanya uburebure bwumubiri no kongera umuvuduko mumihanda myiza; kongera uburebure bwumubiri no kongera ubushobozi bwo kunyura mumihanda mibi, bityo uburebure bwumubiri burasabwa guhinduka ukurikije ibisabwa byo gukoresha. Ikirere cyo mu kirere kitigenga gishobora kwuzuza ibisabwa.

Igizwe na compressor, ikigega cyo kubika ikirere, indege igenzura uburebure, isoko yo mu kirere, inkoni yo kugenzura, n'ibindi. Isoko yo mu kirere yashyizwe hagati yikadiri (umubiri) na axle, kandi valve igenzura uburebure yashyizwe kumubiri wikinyabiziga. Impera yinkoni ya piston ihambirijwe ukuboko kwambukiranya inkoni igenzura, naho ubundi impera yukuboko kwambukiranya inkoni igenzura. Igice cyo hagati gishyigikiwe mugice cyo hejuru cyikirere, kandi impera yo hepfo yinkoni igenzura yashyizwe kumurongo. Ibigize bigize isoko yumuyaga bihujwe hamwe binyuze mumiyoboro. Gazi yumuvuduko mwinshi utangwa na compressor yinjira mubigega byo guhunika ikirere binyuze mumavuta yamavuta-nogutandukanya ingufu, hanyuma ikinjira mumashanyarazi yo kugenzura uburebure binyuze mumashanyarazi nyuma yo gusohoka mubigega bya gaze. Ikigega cyo guhumeka ikirere, ikigega cyo guhunika ikirere gihujwe n’amasoko yo mu kirere kuri buri ruziga, bityo umuvuduko wa gaze muri buri soko yo mu kirere wiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi, kandi icyarimwe, umubiri uzamurwa kugeza piston yinjiye uburebure bwo kugenzura uburebure buzerekeza ku kigega cyo guhunika ikirere Icyambu cyuzuza ikirere cy'ifaranga ry'imbere kirahagaritswe. Nkikintu cyoroshye, isoko yumuyaga irashobora kugabanya ingaruka zikorera kumuziga uhereye kumuhanda iyo yandujwe mumubiri wikinyabiziga unyuze mumutwe. Byongeye kandi, guhagarika ikirere birashobora kandi guhita bihindura uburebure bwumubiri wikinyabiziga. Piston iri hagati yicyambu cy’ifaranga n’icyambu gisohora ikirere muri valve igenzura uburebure, kandi gaze iva mu kigega cyo guhunika ikirere yinjiza ikigega kibika ikirere n’isoko ry’ikirere, kandi ikazamura uburebure bw’umubiri w’ibinyabiziga. Iyo piston iri mumwanya wo hejuru wicyambu cy’ifaranga muri valve igenzura uburebure, gaze mu isoko yo mu kirere isubira ku cyambu gisohora ikirere ikanyura ku cyambu cy’ifaranga ikinjira mu kirere, kandi umuvuduko w’umwuka mu isoko y’ikirere ugabanuka, bityo uburebure bwumubiri wikinyabiziga nabwo buragabanuka. Inkoni yo kugenzura n'ukuboko kwambukiranya kugena umwanya wa piston muri valve igenzura uburebure.

Guhagarika ikirere bifite urukurikirane rwibyiza nko gukora ibinyabiziga bigenda neza, kumenya icyerekezo kimwe cyangwa guterura imirongo myinshi mugihe bibaye ngombwa, guhindura uburebure bwumubiri wikinyabiziga no kwangiza bike kumuhanda, nibindi, nibindi, ariko kandi ifite imiterere igoye nibisabwa bikomeye kugirango ushireho kashe. nandi makosa. Ikoreshwa mu modoka zitwara abagenzi, amakamyo, romoruki hamwe n’imodoka zimwe zitwara abagenzi.

Amasoko ya peteroli na gaze adahagarikwa kwigenga

Isoko ryamavuta-pneumatike idahagarikwa byigenga bivuga guhagarikwa kutigenga mugihe ibintu bya elastique byakira amavuta-pneumatike.

Igizwe n'amasoko ya peteroli na gaze, inkoni zo gutembera kuruhande, guhagarika buffer, inkoni ndende hamwe nibindi bice. Impera yo hejuru yamavuta-pneumatike yashyizwe kumurongo wikinyabiziga, naho impera yo hepfo igashyirwa kumurongo wimbere. Ibumoso n'iburyo bikoresha inkoni ndende yo hasi kugirango ibe hagati yumutwe wimbere nigiti kirekire. Inkoni yo hejuru ndende yo guterura ishyirwa kumurongo wimbere hamwe nigitereko cyimbere cyibiti birebire. Inkoni zo hejuru no hepfo ndende zirema parallelogramu, ikoreshwa kugirango tumenye neza ko inguni ya caster ya kingpin idahinduka mugihe uruziga rusimbutse hejuru. Inkoni ya tronc tronc yashizwe kumurongo wibumoso muremure hamwe nigitereko kuruhande rwiburyo bwimbere. Bffer blok yashizwe munsi yibiti bibiri birebire. Kuberako amavuta-pneumatike ashyirwa hagati yikadiri na axe, nkibintu byoroshye, birashobora koroshya imbaraga zingaruka ziva kumuhanda hejuru yibiziga iyo byerekejwe kumurongo, kandi mugihe kimwe bigahindura ibinyeganyega bikurikiraho . Inkoni yo hejuru no hepfo ya longitudinal itera inkoni ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza imbaraga ndende no guhangana nigihe cyo kwitwara cyatewe na feri. Inkoni zo kuruhande zihererekanya imbaraga zuruhande.

Iyo isoko ya peteroli-gazi ikoreshwa mumodoka yubucuruzi ifite umutwaro munini, ubwinshi bwayo nubunini bwayo biba bito ugereranije nibibabi byamababi kandi bifite imiterere ihindagurika, ariko bifite ibisabwa byinshi byo gufunga no kubungabunga neza. Guhagarika amavuta-pneumatike bikwiranye namakamyo yubucuruzi afite imitwaro iremereye.

Kwigenga Guhagarika Ubwanditsi Bwamamaza

Ihagarikwa ryigenga risobanura ko ibiziga kuri buri ruhande bihagarikwa kugiti cyihariye cyangwa kumubiri na elastique ihagarikwa. Ibyiza byayo ni: uburemere bworoshye, kugabanya ingaruka kumubiri, no kunoza ubutaka bwibiziga; amasoko yoroshye afite ubukana buto arashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imodoka; umwanya wa moteri urashobora kumanurwa, kandi hagati yuburemere bwimodoka nayo irashobora kugabanuka, bityo Kunoza itwara ryimodoka; ibiziga byibumoso niburyo bisimbuka byigenga kandi birigenga, bishobora kugabanya guhindagurika no kunyeganyega kumubiri wimodoka. Ariko, ihagarikwa ryigenga rifite ibibi byimiterere igoye, igiciro kinini no kubungabunga neza. Imodoka nyinshi zigezweho zikoresha guhagarikwa byigenga. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye, imiterere yigenga irashobora kugabanywa guhagarika ibyifuzo, guhagarika amaboko, guhagarika imiyoboro myinshi, guhagarika buji, no guhagarika MacPherson.

yamaha

Guhagarikwa kwambukiranya amaboko bivuga guhagarikwa kwigenga aho ibiziga bizunguruka mu ndege ihinduranya yimodoka. Igabanijwemo guhagarika amaboko abiri no guhagarika ukuboko kumwe ukurikije umubare w’amaboko.

Ubwoko bumwe bwa wishbone bufite ibyiza byuburyo bworoshye, umuzingo muremure hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya. Ariko, hamwe niyongera ryumuvuduko wimodoka zigezweho, centre yo hejuru cyane izatera impinduka nini mumuziga mugihe ibiziga bisimbutse, kandi kwambara ipine biziyongera. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zihagaritse zo kwimura ibiziga byibumoso n iburyo bizaba binini cyane mugihe gihindagurika, bikavamo camber yiyongera yibiziga byinyuma. Inguni zinguni zuruziga rwinyuma ziragabanuka, bivamo ibihe bikomeye byumurizo wihuta. Ihagarikwa rimwe-wishbone ryigenga rikoreshwa cyane cyane muguhagarika inyuma, ariko kubera ko ridashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutwara umuvuduko mwinshi, ntabwo rikoreshwa cyane kurubu.

Double-wishbone yigenga ihagarikwa igabanijwemo uburebure buringaniye bubiri-bifuza guhagarikwa hamwe nuburebure buringaniye bwa kabiri-bifuza guhagarika ukurikije niba amaboko yo hejuru nu hepfo yambukiranya bingana uburebure. Uburebure buringaniye bubiri-bifuza guhagarikwa birashobora gutuma impinduramatwara ya kingpin ihoraho mugihe uruziga rusimbutse hejuru, ariko uruziga rugenda ruhinduka cyane (bisa no guhagarika icyifuzo kimwe), bitera kwambara amapine akomeye, kandi ntibikoreshwa cyane ubu . Kuburebure buringaniye-bubiri-bifuza guhagarikwa, mugihe cyose uburebure bwikigero cyo hejuru no hepfo cyifuzwa cyatoranijwe neza kandi kigashyirwa mubikorwa, kandi binyuze muburyo bushyize mu gaciro, impinduka zumuziga hamwe nibipimo byimbere bishobora kugumishwa mubipimo byemewe, byemeza ko ikinyabiziga gifite umutekano mwiza wo gutwara. Kugeza ubu, uburebure buringaniye buringaniye bwa kabiri-wishbone bwakoreshejwe cyane muguhagarika imbere ninyuma yimodoka, kandi ibiziga byinyuma byimodoka zimwe na zimwe za siporo hamwe n’imodoka zisiganwa nazo zikoresha iyi miterere yo guhagarika.