imashini yo kongerera amavuta ipompe
Pompe yo kongera imbaraga mu modoka yerekeza ku kintu gifasha mu kunoza no guhagarara neza kw'imikorere y'imodoka. Igenewe cyane cyane gufasha umushoferi guhindura icyerekezo cy'imodoka. Imodoka ifite pompe yo kongera imbaraga, cyane cyane pompe yo kongera imbaraga mu kuyobora imodoka hamwe na pompe yo kongera imbaraga mu gufunga feri.
Intangiriro
Uburyo bwo kuyobora imodoka bugamije gufasha umushoferi guhindura icyerekezo cy'imodoka no kugabanya ubukana bw'uruziga rw'imodoka ku mushoferi. Birumvikana ko kuyobora imodoka mu buryo bukoresha ingufu bigira uruhare mu mutekano no mu kugabanya igiciro cy'imodoka.
Gushyira mu byiciro
Mu isoko ririho ubu, sisitemu zo kuyobora ingufu zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: sisitemu zo kuyobora ingufu za hydraulic, sisitemu zo kuyobora ingufu za hydraulic zikoresha ikoranabuhanga n'isitemu zo kuyobora ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Sisitemu yo kuyobora ingufu za hydraulic mu buryo bwa mechanical
Sisitemu yo kuyobora ingufu za hydraulic muri rusange igizwe na pompe ya hydraulic, umuyoboro wa peteroli, agakoresho ko kugenzura umuvuduko w'amazi, umukandara wo kohereza amavuta wo mu bwoko bwa V, ikigega cyo kubikamo amavuta n'ibindi bice.
Uko imodoka yaba iyobowe cyangwa idayobowe, ubu buryo bugomba gukora, kandi iyo umuvuduko w'ikinyabiziga uri hasi mu kuyobora gukomeye, pompe ya hydraulic igomba gutanga imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo ibone imbaraga nyinshi. Kubwibyo, umutungo upfa ubusa ku rugero runaka. Dushobora kwibuka: gutwara imodoka nk'iyo, cyane cyane iyo uhindukiye ku muvuduko muto, wumva ko icyerekezo kiremereye, kandi moteri ikaba igoye cyane. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wa pompe ya hydraulic, byoroshye kwangiza sisitemu yo gufasha ingufu.
Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo kuyobora ingufu za hydraulic igizwe na pompe ya hydraulic, imiyoboro na silindiri za peteroli. Kugira ngo ikomeze umuvuduko, uko byaba bikenewe kose, ubufasha bwo kuyobora bugomba guhora buri gihe, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa cyane, ari nabyo bimwe mu bituma umutungo ukoreshwa.
Muri rusange, imodoka zihendutse cyane zikoresha sisitemu zo gufasha ingufu za hydraulic.
Sisitemu yo kuyobora ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'amazi
Ibice by'ingenzi: ikigega cyo kubika amavuta, icyuma gicunga amashanyarazi, pompe y'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kuyobora, sensor y'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi, aho icyuma gicunga amashanyarazi n'ipompe y'amashanyarazi ari imiterere y'ingenzi.
Ihame ry'imikorere: Sisitemu yo gufasha imiyoborere ya elegitoroniki irwanya intege nke za sisitemu isanzwe yo gufasha imiyoborere ya hydraulic. Pompe ya hydraulic ikoresha ntabwo ikoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye n'umukandara wa moteri, ahubwo ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, kandi imikorere yayo yose ni yo myiza cyane ibarwa n'ishami rigenzura imikorere ya elegitoroniki hakurikijwe umuvuduko w'ikinyabiziga, inguni y'ubuyobozi n'ibindi bimenyetso. Mu magambo make, ku muvuduko muto no kuyobora munini, ishami rigenzura imikorere ya elegitoroniki riyobora pompe ya hydraulic electronique kugira ngo itange ingufu nyinshi ku muvuduko mwinshi, kugira ngo umushoferi abashe kuyobora no kuzigama imbaraga; iyo imodoka itwaye ku muvuduko mwinshi, ishami rigenzura imikorere ya hydraulic riyobora pompe ya hydraulic electronique ku muvuduko muto. Iyo ikora, igabanya igice cy'ingufu za moteri nta ngaruka ku ikenerwa ry'ubuyobozi bw'umuvuduko mwinshi.
Ingufu z'amashanyarazi (EPS)
Izina ryuzuye ry'Icyongereza ni Electronic Power Steering, cyangwa EPS mu magambo ahinnye, rikoresha ingufu zitangwa na moteri y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo rifashe umushoferi mu kuyobora imodoka. Imiterere ya EPS ni imwe ku modoka zitandukanye nubwo ibice by'imiterere bitandukanye. Muri rusange, igizwe na sensor ya torque (steering), icyuma gicunga amashanyarazi, moteri y'amashanyarazi, umusemburo, ibikoresho byo kuyobora bya mechanical n'amashanyarazi ya bateri.
Ihame ry'ingenzi ry'imikorere: Iyo imodoka irimo kuzunguruka, sensor ya torque (steering) "izumva" torque y'umuyoboro w'imodoka n'icyerekezo igomba kuzunguruka. Ibi bimenyetso bizoherezwa ku gice cy'ikoranabuhanga gikoresha bisi y'amakuru, kandi igice cy'ikoranabuhanga gikoresha torque gishingiye ku torque yo kohereza ubutumwa. Ibimenyetso by'amakuru nk'icyerekezo kigomba kuzunguruka byohereza amabwiriza y'ibikorwa ku mugenzuzi wa moteri, kugira ngo moteri itange torque ijyanye n'ibyo ikeneye byihariye, bityo itange power steering. Iyo idazungurutse, sisitemu ntizakora kandi izaba iri mu gihe cyo gusinzira (gusinzira) itegereje guhamagarwa. Bitewe n'imikorere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, uzumva ko gutwara imodoka nk'iyo, kumva icyerekezo ari byiza, kandi ihamye cyane ku muvuduko mwinshi, ari na byo bivuga ko icyerekezo kidahindagurika. Kandi kubera ko idakora iyo idazunguruka, inazigama ingufu ku rugero runaka. Muri rusange, imodoka nyinshi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikoresha bene ubwo buryo bwo kuyobora ingufu.
