Ikimenyetso cy'itsinda (phase sensor) ni iki?
Ibyuma bipima ikirere ni ingenzi mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga by'imodoka kandi binakoreshwa mu nzego nyinshi mu gupima ingano y'ibintu nk'aho ibintu biri n'umuvuduko wabyo.
Mu rwego rw'imodoka, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kumenya igihe cy'ingufu za moteri kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe cyiza cyo gutwika.
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa sensors za phase, zigashyirwa mu byiciro bya magnetoelectric na Hall, zitanga ibimenyetso bya sine wave na square wave. Muri rusange, harimo sensors za photoelectric na sensors za magnetic.
Imashini ipima urumuri (photoelectric phase sensor) itanga ibimenyetso by’urwego rutandukanye binyuze mu kuzunguruka agace k’ibimenyetso no gucana cyangwa kuzimya phototransistor hashingiwe ku buryo urumuri rutangwa cyangwa rudashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ubwoko bwa Hall muri sensors za magnetic phase bukoresha ingaruka za Hall, mu gihe ubwoko bwa magnetoelectric bukoresha ihame rya magnetic induction. Iyo rotor y'ikimenyetso izenguruka, impinduka mu ruziga rwa magnetic zituma imbaraga za electromotive zisimburana zivuka muri induction coil.
Ihame ryayo ry'imikorere ni ukugera ku murimo unyuze mu kumenya aho camshaft iherereye n'aho izenguruka. Inguni yo gupima imbere ishobora kumva ibintu by'icyuma biri hafi aho. Iyo nta bintu by'icyuma biriho, umurongo wa LC urahuza kandi voltage isohoka irakomera. Iyo ikintu cy'icyuma cyegereye, imiyoboro ya eddy iterwa muri uwo murongo, inductance ya coil irahinduka, LC parallel circuit iratandukana, kandi voltage isohoka iragabanuka. Impinduka ingana n'intera y'ikintu cy'icyuma. Impinduka mu cyiciro igaragazwa no gupima impinduka ya voltage isohoka.
Igihe cy'ingufu kivuga ku nguni aho imvange z'ingufu zinjira n'izisohoka za moteri zifungurirwa kandi zigafungwa ugereranyije n'izunguruka ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Igihe cy'imvange gikwiye ni ingenzi ku mikorere ya moteri, bigira ingaruka ku ngufu, ku buryo lisansi icungwa neza ndetse no ku myuka isohoka.
Sensor y'itsinda ifite inshingano zo kugenzura uburyo urwego rw'itsinda ry'amashanyarazi rukora neza. Iyo habayeho ikibazo, inzogera izatangira gukoreshwa hanyuma itara rya moteri rikazacana.
Ibipimo by'impinduka, ari nabyo ijambo rusange ry'ibipimo by'aho moteri ihagaze (camshaft position sensors) n'ibipimo by'aho moteri ihagaze (crankshaft position sensors), ni ishingiro ry'ingenzi mu kugena igihe cyo gutwika moteri.
Sensor y’icyiciro cya camshaft imenya aho camshaft izenguruka hanyuma igashyira ikimenyetso kuri ECU, ari na cyo kimenyetso cy’ingenzi cyo kugenzura umuriro.
Imashini ipima aho moteri iherereye ibona inguni ya moteri n'igice cyo hejuru cya piston, hanyuma yohereza ibimenyetso kuri mudasobwa ya moteri kugira ngo igenzure igihe cyo gutwika no gushyiramo lisansi. Ni nayo soko y'ibimenyetso bipima umuvuduko wa moteri.
Mu zindi nzego, sensors z’icyiciro, zishingiye ku ihame ryo gupima icyiciro, zitanga ibimenyetso ku bintu kandi zikabara amakuru y’aho ibintu biherereye zipima itandukaniro ry’icyiciro hagati y’ibimenyetso bisohoka n’ibyagaragaye.
Ikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nko mu by’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, mu by’indege, mu buvuzi, no mu by’imashini zikora roboti, kandi ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura uburyo bwo gutwara roboti mu buryo bwigenga, kugenzura uburyo bwo gutwara imodoka, no gusuzuma indwara, n’ibindi.
Sensor y'icyiciro ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura moteri z'imodoka, zigizwe n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura aho imodoka ihagaze n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura aho imodoka ihagaze. Sensor y'icyiciro cyo kugenzura aho imodoka ihagaze ishinzwe gukusanya umuvuduko wa moteri n'ibimenyetso by'inguni bya crankshaft, itanga igihe cyo gutwika no gutera lisansi. Sensor y'icyiciro cyo kugenzura aho imodoka ihagaze ikora neza mu kugenzura no gutwika lisansi binyuze mu kumenya aho igice cyo hejuru cy'icyuma gihagaze [3] [8]. Ibyo byombi bikora mu guhuza inzira, ari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gutangira kandi bisaba guhuza neza igihe cyo gutwika cya mbere [6]. Iri tsinda ry'ibikoresho ryitwa "sensor y'icyiciro" bitewe n'imikorere yaryo rusange yo kugenzura igice cy'inzira ya valve n'igihe cyo gutwika.
Kunanirwa kwa sensor ya phase bishobora gutera ibibazo byinshi.
Ikibazo cya mbere ni ingorane mu gutangiza moteri. Imashini ipima moteri igomba guha ECU amakuru ajyanye n'aho crankshaft iherereye, maze ECU ikabara igihe cyo gutwika n'ingano y'ikoreshwa rya lisansi ishingiye kuri aya makuru. Iyo mashini ipima moteri ikoze nabi, ntishobora gutanga amakuru nyayo. ECU ntishobora kugenzura neza gutwika no gutera lisansi, bigatuma moteri itangira bigorana cyangwa idashobora gutangira.
Hanyuma habaho kudakora neza. Mu bihe bisanzwe, sensor ya phase igenzura aho crankshaft iherereye, bigatuma moteri igenzura igihe cyo gushyushya n'ingano y'ingufu kugira ngo moteri ikomeze gukora neza. Iyo sensor ya phase ikoze nabi, amakuru yohererejwe ECU azaba atari yo, kandi ubuyobozi bwa ECU kuri moteri buzahinduka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuvuduko wa dosing ntuzaba udakora neza, kandi ibibazo nk'umuvuduko wa dosing no guhinduka kw'umuvuduko bishobora kubaho.
Bizanatera umuvuduko mubi. Iyo ikinyabiziga cyihuta, sensor y'impinduka igomba gutanga amakuru nyayo kandi nyayo nk'aho crankshaft iherereye, kugira ngo ECU ibashe guhindura vuba ingamba zo gucana no gutera lisansi kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa mu kwihutisha imodoka. Iyo habayeho ikibazo, amakuru aba atari yo, ECU ntishobora gukora impinduka zikwiye, ingufu za moteri zirahinduka, umuvuduko uzaba muto, ndetse no kumva uhuze bishobora kubaho, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo ikinyabiziga gikoresha.
Byongeye kandi, itara ry'ikosa rizacana. Iyo sisitemu yo gusuzuma amakosa y'imodoka ibonye ikibazo cy'itsinda ry'ibikoresho, izatangira kode y'ikosa, maze itara ry'ikosa rya moteri riri kuri dashboard rikaraka, rikibutsa nyir'imodoka ko hari ikibazo ku modoka.
Amaherezo, ikoreshwa rya lisansi ririyongera. Ikosa rya sensor ya phase rituma ECU idashobora kugenzura neza ingano y'ikoreshwa rya lisansi. Ingano y'ikoreshwa rya lisansi ishobora kuba nyinshi cyangwa nke cyane, bigatuma umuriro udatunganywa neza kandi lisansi ntihindurwe neza mu ngufu, bityo ikoreshwa rya lisansi rikongera.
Muri make, imikorere mibi ya sensor ya phase igira ingaruka zikomeye ku binyabiziga. Iyo ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru bibayeho, ni ngombwa gusuzuma vuba sensor ya phase, nibiba ngombwa, kuyisana cyangwa kuyisimbuza kugira ngo imodoka isubire uko imeze.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
