Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka - Iteranyirizo ry'inyuma ry'umugozi ni iki?
Imvugo "Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka - ihuriro ry'ibice byo guhagarara inyuma" irimo urujijo mu bitekerezo. Ishami ry'ibice byo guhagarara inyuma ntabwo ari iry'ingufu z'imodoka; ahubwo ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo guhagarara inyuma.
Ibisobanuro n'imikorere y'ihuriro ry'inyuma ry'urukiramende
Ihuriro ry'ibice byo guhagarara inyuma ni igice cy'imiterere gikoreshwa mu guhuza umubiri w'ikinyabiziga na sisitemu yo guhagarara inyuma. Gikora cyane cyane imirimo ikurikira:
Inkunga n'ubukorikori: Itanga ishingiro ryo gushyiraho ibintu birebire byo mu gice cy'inyuma, nk'amasoko ya coil, ibikoresho bigabanya impanuka, amaboko yo kugenzura, n'ibindi.
Kohereza imbaraga: Yohereza imbaraga z'uburebure, imbaraga zo ku ruhande, n'imbaraga zihagaze ziturutse ku mapine binyuze mu gice cyo guhagarara kijya ku mubiri w'ikinyabiziga.
Ubuyobozi n'aho biherereye: Ikorana n'izindi nkoni zihuza cyangwa amagufwa yo kwishingikirizaho kugira ngo irinde inzira y'amapine no gutuma ahora ahagaze neza.
Ingwate ku buryo ibintu bikomera: Yongera ubukana bw'uburyo bwo guhagarara inyuma kandi ikanoza uburyo bwo kuyifata.
Iki gice gikunze kuba kirimo igice cy’umugozi, icyapa cyo gukosora, ibyuma bifunga, amaboliti, nibindi. Mu bishushanyo bimwe na bimwe byemewe, kirimo kandi imiterere ihindagurika ya Z (ihagaze) na XY (igororotse) kugira ngo ihuzwe n’uburyo butandukanye bw’imodoka cyangwa yongere uburyo bwo guteranya neza.
Kuki atari iby'ingufu z'amashanyarazi?
Sisitemu y'ingufu ishinzwe gutanga no kohereza imbaraga zo gutwara, harimo cyane cyane: moteri, transmission, shaft yo gutwara, differential, drive axle, n'ibindi.
Ihuriro ry'ibice byo guhagarara inyuma ni igice cyo guhagarara cya sisitemu ya chassis. Inshingano yacyo y'ingenzi ni ugushyigikira umubiri w'ikinyabiziga, kwakira imitingito, no kugumisha amapine ahura n'ubutaka, kandi nta sano ifitanye n'ingufu zo kohereza.
Gusobanura kutumvikana gusanzwe
Hari igihe abantu bibeshya ko "agasanduku k'inyuma gatwara umugozi" cyangwa "agasanduku k'inyuma gatandukanya" ari "agasanduku k'inyuma gahagarara", ariko:
Agakingirizo k'umurambararo w'inyuma: Ni igice gishyigikira ku mpera y'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi, gikoreshwa mu gukosora umugozi uhindagurika cyangwa igice cy'umugozi.
Agace ko guhagarara inyuma: Gakoreshwa gusa mu guhuza imiterere yo guhagarara kandi ntigakoreshwa mu kohereza ingufu.
Iteraniro ry'inyuma ry'urukiramende = Igice cya sisitemu yo guhagarara ≠ Igice cya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi
Imirimo y'ingenzi: Gushyigikira, guhuza, kohereza imbaraga, kuyobora
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha: Ishingiro ryo gushyiraho ubwoko bwa multi-link, torsion beam, nibindi.
Imvugo "Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka - Iteraniro ry'ibice byo gufunga inyuma" ifite aho ihurira kandi igomba kubanza gutandukanya neza sisitemu zombi:
Sisitemu y'ingufu: Ahanini yerekeza kuri moteri, sisitemu yo kohereza no kohereza ingufu, ishinzwe gutanga no kohereza ingufu.
Sisitemu yo guhagarara inyuma: Igice cya sisitemu ya chassis, ihuza amapine n'umubiri, ishinzwe gushyigikira, gufata impanuka, no kuyitwara neza.
"Ihuriro ry'ibice byo guhagarara inyuma" rikunze kuvugwa ni iry'uburyo bwo guhagarara inyuma, ntabwo ari iry'amashanyarazi. Ariko, niba ikibazo kigamije kubaza imikorere y'ibice bifitanye isano n'ibice byo guhagarara inyuma, gishobora kuvugwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:
Imikorere y'ingenzi y'ihuriro ry'inyuma ry'urukiramende
Ihuriro ry'inyuma ry'imashini ihagarika ibyuma (nk'ifatizo ry'ukuboko rigenzura, ifatizo rito, ifatizo rishyiraho imashini ihagarika ibyuma, nibindi) ni igice cy'ingenzi gihuza kandi gishyigikira sisitemu yo guhagarika ibyuma. Imirimo yacyo y'ingenzi ikubiyemo:
Inkunga n'ihuza: Shyiramo neza ukuboko kwa longitudinal, ukuboko kwa cross, shock absorber, stabilizer bar, nibindi by'inyuma suspension kuri frame cyangwa sub-frame kugira ngo habeho inzira yuzuye yo kohereza imbaraga.
Kohereza imbaraga n'umuvuduko: Kwimura neza imbaraga z'uburebure (kwihuta/gufunga), imbaraga zo ku ruhande (gutwara), n'umutwaro uhagaze (ingaruka z'umuhanda) uva ku mapine ujya ku mubiri.
Gutandukanya ibyuma n'imitingito: Kuramo no kuyungurura imitingito ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi iva mu muhanda binyuze mu duce twubatswemo twa rubber cyangwa ibice bya hydraulic, bikongera uburyohe bwo kugenda.
Inzitizi ku migendekere y'ibiziga: Fatanya n'imiterere y'imirongo myinshi cyangwa imiterere ya torsion, ugenzure neza inzira y'imiziga, urebe neza ko umuvuduko uhamye kandi ugenzurwa neza.
Gutunganya umwanya (cyane cyane mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi): Urugero, igishushanyo cya Chery cyitwa "external actuated rear suspension", cyimura imiterere y'agasanduku n'agasanduku ku mpande z'imbere n'inyuma z'umurambararo w'amapine, birekura umwanya wo hasi w'inyuma kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gushyiraho bateri.
"Sisitemu y'ingufu z'imodoka - Kunanirwa k'ihuriro ry'ibice byo guhagarara inyuma" bishobora kugira urujijo. Dukurikije amakuru rusange n'ubumenyi bw'ikoranabuhanga ry'imodoka, sisitemu y'ingufu ikunze kuvuga moteri, sisitemu yo kohereza, na sisitemu yo kohereza ingufu ishinzwe gutanga no kohereza ingufu; mu gihe ihuriro ry'ibice byo guhagarara inyuma ari iry'isitemu yo guhagarara inyuma, ikoreshwa mu gushyigikira umubiri, gukumira imitingito, no kubungabunga umutekano w'imodoka.
Bityo rero, niba impungenge nyazo ari iz’udukingirizo dufitanye isano no gusunika inyuma cyangwa kunanirwa kw’ibice byo guhuza, bigomba gushyirwa mu cyiciro cy’inanirwa rya sisitemu yo gusunika, aho kuba ikibazo cya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi. Ibi bikurikira ni amakuru y’ingenzi ashingiye ku makuru rusange yemewe:
Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ku gucika intege kw'agasanduku ko guhagarara inyuma/ibice bifitanye isano
Urusaku: Iyo utwaye imodoka mu mihanda irimo imihanda itemba, chassis itanga amajwi "clunk", "creak", cyangwa "thump", ahanini aterwa na gel ya rubber buffer ishaje yo ku kuboko gugenzura, agakoresho k'urukuta gashaje, agace k'umupira gafunguye, cyangwa gel yangiritse yo hejuru ifata shock absorber .
Kunyeganyega kudasanzwe k'umubiri: Cyane cyane iyo utwaye imodoka udafite umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa utwaye imodoka mu gihe gito, biragaragara ko biterwa no gusaza kw'agasanduku ko guhagarara (nk'agasanduku ko munsi y'umugozi) bigatuma icyuma gihagarara kinanirwa, kandi ibyo binyeganyega bigahita byoherezwa mu mubiri.
Guhangana n'ibibazo: Harimo kugorama, kuyobora umupira udakora neza, no kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko wo ku ruhande ku muvuduko mwinshi, bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'ukuboko gufunguye, impera idakora neza, cyangwa kwangirika k'umurongo uhamye.
Ibitagenda neza mu maso: Isuzuma rishobora kugaragaza ko amavuta yavuye mu cyuma gifata umuriro, isoko ryavunitse, agace k'icyuma kacitse, cyangwa agace k'icyuma kadafite ishingiro.
Impamvu zikunze kubangamira ibintu hamwe n'uburyo bujyanye no kubikemura
Imashini ikoresha umupira wo gusaza (nk'imashini ikoresha umupira wo kugenzura, imashini ikoresha umupira wo kuringaniza)
Ibimenyetso: Urusaku rudasanzwe, kumva icyuma gifunguye
Uburyo bwo kuvura: Simbuza agakoresho k'icyuma cyangwa agateranyo ka 'rubber'
Gutakaza amavuta cyangwa kunanirwa gusohora amavuta akoresha shock absorber
Ibimenyetso: Kwiyongera kw'ingufu, umubiri uhora uteragura
Uburyo bwo kuvura: Simbuza icyuma gifata umwuka, hanyuma urebe gel yo hejuru n'igice cyo hejuru cy'umuti
Amaboliti yo guhuza adafunguye
Ibimenyetso: Ijwi ry'"gukora" rihoraho, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kuyobora cyangwa gufunga feri
Uburyo bwo kuvura: Kangura ukurikije imiterere y'umuvuduko w'uruganda rw'umwimerere Ikosa rya sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga (rikoreshwa ku binyabiziga bihagarika umwuka cyangwa ibinyabiziga bihagarika umwuka)
Ibimenyetso: Imbonerahamwe igaragaza ubutumwa buvuga ngo "Ikosa ryo guhagarika imodoka", uburebure budasanzwe bw'imodoka
Gukoresha: Bisaba igikoresho cy’inzobere mu gusuzuma indwara kugira ngo gisome amakuru ya ECU, kirebe uburyo bwo gusuzuma uburebure bw’umubiri, imifuka y’umwuka cyangwa ibikoresho byo kugenzura.
Intambwe z'imikorere zisabwa:
Isuzuma ry'ibanze: Reba niba icyuma gifata umuriro kirimo kuva amavuta, niba isoko yangiritse, cyangwa niba ibice bya raba byaracitse; zamura imodoka kugira ngo urebe niba aho umupira n'ibice biherereye bifite icyuho kigaragara.
Irinde gukomeza gutwara: Niba urusaku rudasanzwe rugaragara cyangwa umubiri w'ikinyabiziga uhengamye, hagarara ako kanya kugira ngo wirinde ko hagira ibindi byangirika cyangwa impanuka zishobora kubaho mu mutekano.
Gusana by’umwuga: Jya aho gusana bisanzwe cyangwa ikigo cyemewe n’amategeko, koresha ibikoresho by’umwuga kugira ngo ukore igenzura ryimbitse ry’uburyo bwo guhagarika imodoka.
Icyitonderwa: Niba imodoka ari iy'icyitegererezo nka Land Rover, Discovery 4 ifite suspension y'umwuka, iyo dashboard igaragaza "Suspension Fault", ntuyicemo ibice; hamagara ikigo cyemewe kugira ngo kiyifashe kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, komeza usome izindi nkuru kuri uru rubuga!
Duhamagare niba ukeneye ibyo bicuruzwa.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co, Ltd. yiyemeje kugurisha MG&MAXUSIbikoresho by'imodoka birahari kugura.
